Biology 1st Block
... An isotonic cellular environment occurs when an equal solute concentration exists inside and outside the cell. Molecules flow in and out at an equal rate by osmosis, causing the cell size to stay the same. It will not lose or gain any solutes. Plant cells in an isotonic environment are flaccid (they ...
... An isotonic cellular environment occurs when an equal solute concentration exists inside and outside the cell. Molecules flow in and out at an equal rate by osmosis, causing the cell size to stay the same. It will not lose or gain any solutes. Plant cells in an isotonic environment are flaccid (they ...
Expression of PSA-RP2, an alternatively spliced
... still serve as a useful discriminator for immunohistochemical screening of biopsy samples, although confirmatory studies would be required to evaluate this potential application. Although it appears that PSA-RP2 is unlikely to have utility as a secreted biomarker, we also aimed to address whether th ...
... still serve as a useful discriminator for immunohistochemical screening of biopsy samples, although confirmatory studies would be required to evaluate this potential application. Although it appears that PSA-RP2 is unlikely to have utility as a secreted biomarker, we also aimed to address whether th ...
rumex l. species induce apoptosis in 1301, eol-1 and h
... MAGDALENA WEGIERA, HELENA D. SMOLARZ* and ANNA BOGUCKA-KOCKA Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, Chodüki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland ...
... MAGDALENA WEGIERA, HELENA D. SMOLARZ* and ANNA BOGUCKA-KOCKA Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, Chodüki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland ...
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... in multiple ways. For example, in long-lived large animals, the activation of HSC clones is successive and stochastic (Abkowitz et al., 1990). In addition, HSCs in G0 possess much higher long-term engraftment ability, indicating that phenotypically similar stem cells can differ in their function dep ...
... in multiple ways. For example, in long-lived large animals, the activation of HSC clones is successive and stochastic (Abkowitz et al., 1990). In addition, HSCs in G0 possess much higher long-term engraftment ability, indicating that phenotypically similar stem cells can differ in their function dep ...
Built to rebuild: in search of organizing principles in plant
... the process, while in the second case its appearance would be a mere consequence of repatterning. Experiments that have determined the order of cell-type recovery in the meristem are providing important clues about the nature of re-organization mechanisms during regeneration. Within the root stem ce ...
... the process, while in the second case its appearance would be a mere consequence of repatterning. Experiments that have determined the order of cell-type recovery in the meristem are providing important clues about the nature of re-organization mechanisms during regeneration. Within the root stem ce ...
Phospho-PAK1 (Thr423)/PAK2 (Thr402) Antibody
... oxidase and growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth (1,2). Several mechanisms that induce PAK activity have been reported. Binding of Rac/cdc42 to the CRIB (or PBD) domain near the amino terminus of PAK causes autophosphorylation and conformational changes in PAK (1). Phosphorylation of PAK1 at Thr4 ...
... oxidase and growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth (1,2). Several mechanisms that induce PAK activity have been reported. Binding of Rac/cdc42 to the CRIB (or PBD) domain near the amino terminus of PAK causes autophosphorylation and conformational changes in PAK (1). Phosphorylation of PAK1 at Thr4 ...
gamma-delta T cells target the red blood cell
... Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains of the T cell receptor represent a non-conventional T lymphocyte subset found only in primates that accounts for 0.5 to 5% of peripheral T cells. Gamma-delta T cells circulate in the blood, patrolling vascular beds, readily responding to tum ...
... Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains of the T cell receptor represent a non-conventional T lymphocyte subset found only in primates that accounts for 0.5 to 5% of peripheral T cells. Gamma-delta T cells circulate in the blood, patrolling vascular beds, readily responding to tum ...
Microbiology
... in soil, air, water, as well as in or on the surface of animals and plants. They range in size from 0.1–10 µm in length and are usually found in enormous numbers: one gram of soil may contain 100 million bacteria. Some bacteria have an optimum temperature for growth which is greater than 45 °C and a ...
... in soil, air, water, as well as in or on the surface of animals and plants. They range in size from 0.1–10 µm in length and are usually found in enormous numbers: one gram of soil may contain 100 million bacteria. Some bacteria have an optimum temperature for growth which is greater than 45 °C and a ...
Specific Aim:
... The final step is to determine whether shifting nuclear positioning and replication timing can directly reduce the rate of accumulation of mutations in the XPV gene. To accomplish this, one group of cells is treated with TSA for ten minutes, and another group is left untreated. Both groups of cells ...
... The final step is to determine whether shifting nuclear positioning and replication timing can directly reduce the rate of accumulation of mutations in the XPV gene. To accomplish this, one group of cells is treated with TSA for ten minutes, and another group is left untreated. Both groups of cells ...
Spherical Solar Cells Solve Issue of 3
... The micro solar cell module used for the measurement has its cells arranged so that the gaps between adjacent cells are filled with other cells, with a white reflection place underneath. In case a solar cell is used outdoor for power generation, the angle of incident light changes as time passes. Th ...
... The micro solar cell module used for the measurement has its cells arranged so that the gaps between adjacent cells are filled with other cells, with a white reflection place underneath. In case a solar cell is used outdoor for power generation, the angle of incident light changes as time passes. Th ...
Intro Cell-Cell Communication
... • Cells in a multicellular organism communicate by chemical messengers • Animal and plant cells have cell junctions that directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells • In local signaling, animal cells may communicate by direct contact, or cell-cell recognition ...
... • Cells in a multicellular organism communicate by chemical messengers • Animal and plant cells have cell junctions that directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells • In local signaling, animal cells may communicate by direct contact, or cell-cell recognition ...
Bacterial Transformation - SeaVuria Projects Home Page
... 5. Conclude How does the Petri dish that showed no growth support the conclusion that some bacterial cells did take in the amp" gene?
... 5. Conclude How does the Petri dish that showed no growth support the conclusion that some bacterial cells did take in the amp" gene?
Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Dopaminergic
... Objective To explore the way to induce mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat bone marrow, cultured and passaged. MSCs used in this experiment had multipotency, which was indirectly proved by being induced to differentia ...
... Objective To explore the way to induce mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat bone marrow, cultured and passaged. MSCs used in this experiment had multipotency, which was indirectly proved by being induced to differentia ...
Cell-Cell Interactions
... that multicellular organisms employ as “growth factors” during development. Water-soluble signals cannot diffuse through cell membranes. Therefore, to trigger responses in cells, they must bind to receptor proteins on the surface of the cell. These cell surface receptors (figure 7.6) convert the ext ...
... that multicellular organisms employ as “growth factors” during development. Water-soluble signals cannot diffuse through cell membranes. Therefore, to trigger responses in cells, they must bind to receptor proteins on the surface of the cell. These cell surface receptors (figure 7.6) convert the ext ...
Inhibition of Tumor Cell Invasion by a Highly Conserved Peptide
... lines were highly invasive even when low numbers of tumor cells were placed in the upper compartment. Addition of peptide 74 at a concentration of 30 ^M reduced both A2058 and HT 1080 tumor cell invasion by 60-80% (Figs. 2 and 3). The maximal reduction was achieved by these concentrations inas much ...
... lines were highly invasive even when low numbers of tumor cells were placed in the upper compartment. Addition of peptide 74 at a concentration of 30 ^M reduced both A2058 and HT 1080 tumor cell invasion by 60-80% (Figs. 2 and 3). The maximal reduction was achieved by these concentrations inas much ...
Cytoskeletal Changes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During
... loskeletal trauma and disease. Adult MSCs offer certain advantages over embryonic stem cells, including their readiness and availability, because they can be obtained from the same individual.7 Since their first description,8 MSCs have been shown to possess remarkable capacity for self-replication4 ...
... loskeletal trauma and disease. Adult MSCs offer certain advantages over embryonic stem cells, including their readiness and availability, because they can be obtained from the same individual.7 Since their first description,8 MSCs have been shown to possess remarkable capacity for self-replication4 ...
Lesson 2 | The Cell
... cell membrane n. flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell chloroplast n. membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food cytoplasm n. fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules organelle n. membrane-surrounded components that have specialized functions nucl ...
... cell membrane n. flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell chloroplast n. membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food cytoplasm n. fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules organelle n. membrane-surrounded components that have specialized functions nucl ...
Bone Remodeling, Particle Disease and Individual Susceptibility to
... In vitro experiments have shown that wear debris alone or in conjunction with TNF-α or IL-1β stimulate mature osteoblasts toward the expression of chemokines MCP-1, IL-8, and CXCL-12 via a NF-κB pathway (Fritz et al. 2006). Osteoblasts can participate in the initiation of local inflammation by attra ...
... In vitro experiments have shown that wear debris alone or in conjunction with TNF-α or IL-1β stimulate mature osteoblasts toward the expression of chemokines MCP-1, IL-8, and CXCL-12 via a NF-κB pathway (Fritz et al. 2006). Osteoblasts can participate in the initiation of local inflammation by attra ...
Synaptic basis for intense thalamocortical activation of feedforward
... subsequently found, during whole-cell recordings, to directly inhibit their paired RS cells (17/20 pairs, data not shown). Inhibitory conductances tend to suppress responsiveness, so we reasoned that relatively large Gi values might contribute to the weak RS responses. However, we found that Gi ampl ...
... subsequently found, during whole-cell recordings, to directly inhibit their paired RS cells (17/20 pairs, data not shown). Inhibitory conductances tend to suppress responsiveness, so we reasoned that relatively large Gi values might contribute to the weak RS responses. However, we found that Gi ampl ...
Systems biology of virus-host signaling network
... MAPK signaling (22), resulting in defective antigen presentation. These studies focused on a single pathway, however the extent of viral-mediated changes could be more fully understood by measuring changes across multiple pathways in the network and using computational methods to analyze the experim ...
... MAPK signaling (22), resulting in defective antigen presentation. These studies focused on a single pathway, however the extent of viral-mediated changes could be more fully understood by measuring changes across multiple pathways in the network and using computational methods to analyze the experim ...
Light Chain λ and Ig κ Immature B Cell Stage in Mice Without Ig
... can arrest B cell maturation (26). H chain, synthesized before L chain, is chaperoned and retained in the cytoplasm, but if L chain association fails, single H chains, unlike L chains, undergo rapid intracellular degradation as a result of inefficient transport from the ER to the Golgi (27). However ...
... can arrest B cell maturation (26). H chain, synthesized before L chain, is chaperoned and retained in the cytoplasm, but if L chain association fails, single H chains, unlike L chains, undergo rapid intracellular degradation as a result of inefficient transport from the ER to the Golgi (27). However ...
DNA methylation affects the cell cycle transcription of the CtrA global
... et al., 1995), and rapid proteolysis of the CcrM protein (Wright et al., 1996). In mutants that express CcrM throughout the cell cycle, the control of DNA replication initiation is relaxed and the cells have abnormal morphology (Zweiger et al., 1994), suggesting that differential CcrM methylation he ...
... et al., 1995), and rapid proteolysis of the CcrM protein (Wright et al., 1996). In mutants that express CcrM throughout the cell cycle, the control of DNA replication initiation is relaxed and the cells have abnormal morphology (Zweiger et al., 1994), suggesting that differential CcrM methylation he ...
الشريحة 1 - JUdoctors
... a. COX-1 is produced in response to inflammatory stimuli and also is constitutively expressed in most tissues, where it stimulates the production of prostaglandins that serve a homeostatic function (e.g., fluid and electrolyte balance in the kidneys, cytoprotection in the gastrointestinal tract). b. ...
... a. COX-1 is produced in response to inflammatory stimuli and also is constitutively expressed in most tissues, where it stimulates the production of prostaglandins that serve a homeostatic function (e.g., fluid and electrolyte balance in the kidneys, cytoprotection in the gastrointestinal tract). b. ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.