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NIH3T3/GFP Cell Line
NIH3T3/GFP Cell Line

... NIH 3T3 cells are established from a NIH Swiss mouse embryo. These cells are highly contact inhibited and are sensitive to sarcoma virus focus formation and leukaemia virus propagation. Cells have now lost their contact inhibition. The established NIH/3T3 line was subjected to more than 5 serial cyc ...
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Cytology Unit: Essential Question: Is the Whole the Sum of its Parts
Cytology Unit: Essential Question: Is the Whole the Sum of its Parts

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... • 1st person to describe cells. Built microscope in 1665. 2. Van Leeuwenhoek • Discovered the diversity of cells 1673. 3. Schleiden and Schwann (1838-1839) • All organisms are made of one or more cells. • The cell is the basic unit of all living things. 4. Later (1858) Virchow added • All cells come ...
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
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5.1 Cell Cycle

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Cellular differentiation



In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.
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