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Ocean life - Oakton Community College
Ocean life - Oakton Community College

... the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students exc ...
Earth Science, 11e Ocean Water and Ocean Life Chapter 14
Earth Science, 11e Ocean Water and Ocean Life Chapter 14

... • Between surface layer and deep zone • Thermocline and pycnocline • Deep zone • Sunlight never reaches this zone • Temperatures are just a few degrees above freezing • Constant high-density water ...
Copyright (©) 2008, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter
Copyright (©) 2008, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter

... The shore is defined here as a part of the landmass, close to the sea, which has been modified by the action of the sea. There is ample evidence to indicate that sea level in the past has varied over a range of about 120 ...
Schiel et al.—Marine communities, Kermadec Islands
Schiel et al.—Marine communities, Kermadec Islands

... after two days at the Kermadecs modified our sampling plans and restricted sampling to one site. All of the subtidal data were gathered using SCUBA gear at Boat Cove, on the south-east side of Raoul Island. This site is normally more sheltered than the rest of the island, but it is exposed to occasi ...
Seamounts, New - The Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Seamounts, New - The Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

... focused on the West Mariana Ridge, one on the eastern margin and trench, and one on the southern margin and trench. For these cruises, the NOAA/UNH team worked with the US Naval Oceanographic Office and carried out the mapping from US Navyowned T-AGS 60 class oceanographic vessels equipped with EM 1 ...
The age and origin of the Pacific islands
The age and origin of the Pacific islands

... two move northeastwards and the latter eastwards, to be subducted beneath North, Central and South America. To the south of the Pacific–Antarctic Ridge is the Antarctic plate to which new oceanic crust is being added on almost all its boundaries. In the west and southwest Pacific, an array of microp ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... Marine environment is inhabited by a wide variety of organisms Most organisms live within the sunlight surface waters (photosynthesis) Classification of marine organisms • Plankton • Floaters • Algae (phytoplankton) ...
The age and origin of the Pacific islands: a
The age and origin of the Pacific islands: a

... two move northeastwards and the latter eastwards, to be subducted beneath North, Central and South America. To the south of the Pacific–Antarctic Ridge is the Antarctic plate to which new oceanic crust is being added on almost all its boundaries. In the west and southwest Pacific, an array of microp ...
Answers to STUDY BREAK Questions Essentials 5th Chapter 4
Answers to STUDY BREAK Questions Essentials 5th Chapter 4

... 1. How was bathymetry accomplished in years past? How do scientists do it now? The simplest methods involved lowering a weight on a line. The length of line is measured, and the depth determined. Sometimes the weight was tipped with wax to retrieve a sample of bottom sediment. Scientists now use bea ...
Core document forming part of the reports of States Parties
Core document forming part of the reports of States Parties

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Submarine slides on volcanic islands - a source for

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GEO115 - Ocean Bottom
GEO115 - Ocean Bottom

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On November 29 - the National Sea Grant Library
On November 29 - the National Sea Grant Library

... Yet how does the tubeworm acquire the bacteria it needs for survival? Scientists have discovered that during its early life stages, the tubeworm has a mouth and gut for bacteria to enter. But as the worm rapidly grows, these features disappear! After riding the ocean currents for up to a month and s ...
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File - Bowie Aquatic Science

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deep ocean/high seas resource use: understanding the legal issues
deep ocean/high seas resource use: understanding the legal issues

... The World Ocean Council (WOC) continues to provide information to the ocean business community on the legal and policy aspects of ocean sustainable development. The WOC is pleased to announce the following webinar: Go Deep: The Legal Implications of Deep Ocean Resource Exploration and Extraction Fri ...
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Notes and Ocean Vocab Words
Notes and Ocean Vocab Words

... An opening in the sea floor where super-heated water and other material are discharged into the surrounding seawater. The area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line. A chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean. Free-swimming organisms whose movements are ...
Oceans_I - Geophile.net
Oceans_I - Geophile.net

... – Volcanic projections from the ocean floor that do not rise above sea level. – Flat-topped seamounts eroded by wave action are called guyots. © 2002 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ...
Midterm Exam II
Midterm Exam II

... subduction of a converging ocean plate. Most trenches are around the edges of the active Pacific. Trenches Trenches are the deepest places in Earth’ Earth’s crust, 3 to 6 kilometers (1.9 to 3.7 miles) deeper than the adjacent basin floor. The ocean’ ocean’s greatest depth is the Mariana Trench where ...
The Oceans
The Oceans

... • The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), another multi-decadal cycle, refers to a low-pressure region south of Iceland and a high-pressure region near the Azores. • Positive NAO periods occur when the differences in Sea Level Pressures (SLP) are greatest between these two regions. Under these conditi ...
Global Ocean Legacy - The Pew Charitable Trusts
Global Ocean Legacy - The Pew Charitable Trusts

... is home to nearly a quarter of the world’s known species—and many more yet to be discovered.1 The ocean provides sustenance for billions of people and myriad wildlife. But human activities increasingly threaten its health. For example: •• About 1 in 5 fish caught in the wild is taken illegally or in ...
Cape Kaliakra
Cape Kaliakra

... Kaliakra is long and narrow nose of the Bulgarian northern Black Sea coast in the southeastern part of the Dobrudja plateau. Located near the villages Bulgarevo and St. Nicolas, 12 km from Kavarna and 60 km northeast of Varna. The nose is recessed 2 km inward offshore and resembles a peninsula, a na ...
Abyssal plain-
Abyssal plain-

... Active continental margin- usually narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur where oceanic lithosphere is being sub ducted beneath the margin of a continent. Bathy merry- measurement of ocean depths and the shape or topography of the ocean floor. Biogenious sediment- seafloor se ...
Abyssal plain-
Abyssal plain-

... Active continental margin- usually narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur where oceanic lithosphere is being sub ducted beneath the margin of a continent. Bathymetry- measurement of ocean depths and the shape or topography of the ocean floor. Biogenous sediment- seafloor sedi ...
Ocean Research Methods and Technology ppt NOTES
Ocean Research Methods and Technology ppt NOTES

... • Description: Unmanned submersibles that are often attached to a research vessel by a tether/cable • Use: AUVs are best for surveys that can be programmed ahead of time and accomplished without supervision; they are used to measure ocean water characteristics such as temperature and salinity, map t ...
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Challenger expedition



The Challenger expedition of 1872–76 was a scientific exercise that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. The expedition was named after the mother vessel, HMS Challenger.Prompted by Charles Wyville Thomson—of the University of Edinburgh and Merchiston Castle School—the Royal Society of London obtained the use of Challenger from the Royal Navy and in 1872 modified the ship for scientific work, equipping her with separate laboratories for natural history and chemistry. The expedition, led by Captain George Nares, sailed from Portsmouth, England, on 21 December 1872. Other naval officers included Commander John Maclear. Under the scientific supervision of Thomson himself, she travelled nearly 70,000 nautical miles (130,000 km) surveying and exploring. The result was the Report Of The Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 which, among many other discoveries, catalogued over 4,000 previously unknown species. John Murray, who supervised the publication, described the report as ""the greatest advance in the knowledge of our planet since the celebrated discoveries of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries"". Challenger sailed close to Antarctica, but not within sight of it.
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