enzymes - MrsGorukhomework
... Denatured – structural change so therefore the active site would not be a fit. • ph – have an optimum pH, are sensitive to change, sites get denatured at wrong pH (compartmentalization) • [enzyme] – as [enzyme] increases, so does reaction rate up to a certain point then stabilizes • [substrate] – as ...
... Denatured – structural change so therefore the active site would not be a fit. • ph – have an optimum pH, are sensitive to change, sites get denatured at wrong pH (compartmentalization) • [enzyme] – as [enzyme] increases, so does reaction rate up to a certain point then stabilizes • [substrate] – as ...
Lecture 22 - Introduction to Metabolism: Regulation Key Concepts
... catabolic and anabolic pathways are active at the same time in the cell and many metabolites serve as both substrates and products for different enzymes. Sometimes the catabolic pathways are more active than the opposing anabolic pathway, whereas at other times, anabolic pathways predominate when en ...
... catabolic and anabolic pathways are active at the same time in the cell and many metabolites serve as both substrates and products for different enzymes. Sometimes the catabolic pathways are more active than the opposing anabolic pathway, whereas at other times, anabolic pathways predominate when en ...
Enzymes - WordPress.com
... • Temperature – increasing it increases rate of reaction • Temperature coefficient or Q10 is a value for the reaction that shows how much the rate increases when you increase the temperature by 10oC • At temperatures before optimum if the Q10 is 2 then the rate doubles for 10oC increase • A value of ...
... • Temperature – increasing it increases rate of reaction • Temperature coefficient or Q10 is a value for the reaction that shows how much the rate increases when you increase the temperature by 10oC • At temperatures before optimum if the Q10 is 2 then the rate doubles for 10oC increase • A value of ...
File
... Sodium/potassium pump Certain proteins on the cell membrane act as carrier molecules which transfer specific ion across the membrane. These proteins are sometimes called pumps. ...
... Sodium/potassium pump Certain proteins on the cell membrane act as carrier molecules which transfer specific ion across the membrane. These proteins are sometimes called pumps. ...
Feb 24 exam all parts
... Thrombin is a highly selective serine protease, and cleaves fibrinogen to remove fibrinopeptides A and B Fibrinopeptides A and B are rich in negative amino acids This exposes positive charge sites in the central knot of fibrin, which is now composed of (αβγ ...
... Thrombin is a highly selective serine protease, and cleaves fibrinogen to remove fibrinopeptides A and B Fibrinopeptides A and B are rich in negative amino acids This exposes positive charge sites in the central knot of fibrin, which is now composed of (αβγ ...
Slide 1
... Other compounds than the natural ligand may bind a receptor Agonists: mimic completely, or partially, the action of the endogenous ligand Antagonists: bind to receptor without activating it block the action of the “natural” ligand ...
... Other compounds than the natural ligand may bind a receptor Agonists: mimic completely, or partially, the action of the endogenous ligand Antagonists: bind to receptor without activating it block the action of the “natural” ligand ...
doc NUR1 200 Midterm 2006
... 8. An octapeptide was determined to have the following amino acid composition: (Lys)2, (Gly) 1, (Phe) 2, His, Leu, Met. The native peptide was incubated with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) (Sanger Method) and then hydrolyzed; 2,4-dinitrophenylglycine was identified by HPLC. When the native pepti ...
... 8. An octapeptide was determined to have the following amino acid composition: (Lys)2, (Gly) 1, (Phe) 2, His, Leu, Met. The native peptide was incubated with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) (Sanger Method) and then hydrolyzed; 2,4-dinitrophenylglycine was identified by HPLC. When the native pepti ...
doc Midterm with answers
... Allosteric effectors give rise to sigmoidal V0 vs. [S] kinetic plots. Allosteric proteins are generally composed of several subunits. An effector may either inhibit or activate an enzyme. Binding of the effector changes the conformation of the enzyme molecule. Heterotropic allosteric effectors compe ...
... Allosteric effectors give rise to sigmoidal V0 vs. [S] kinetic plots. Allosteric proteins are generally composed of several subunits. An effector may either inhibit or activate an enzyme. Binding of the effector changes the conformation of the enzyme molecule. Heterotropic allosteric effectors compe ...
Test 2a
... between the two ribose sugars. In step 2 the roles are reversed at His 119 now becomes a general base to remove a proton from water and His 12 now becomes an acid to donate a proton to the 2'3' cyclic phosphate. Note that since Hiss 119 removed a proton from water, the remaining OHbecomes a specific ...
... between the two ribose sugars. In step 2 the roles are reversed at His 119 now becomes a general base to remove a proton from water and His 12 now becomes an acid to donate a proton to the 2'3' cyclic phosphate. Note that since Hiss 119 removed a proton from water, the remaining OHbecomes a specific ...
Cellular Mechanisms
... – Inhibitor binds (non covalently) to the active site – Competes with substrate at active site – Rate slows because active site encounters fewer substrate molecules per second. – Competitive inhibitors have similar structure to the substrate – Effect can be overcome by adding more substrate (increas ...
... – Inhibitor binds (non covalently) to the active site – Competes with substrate at active site – Rate slows because active site encounters fewer substrate molecules per second. – Competitive inhibitors have similar structure to the substrate – Effect can be overcome by adding more substrate (increas ...
Serine Proteases
... the substrate does not greatly change ¾ concentration of enzyme is negligible compared to concentration of substrate ¾ initial rate measured ...
... the substrate does not greatly change ¾ concentration of enzyme is negligible compared to concentration of substrate ¾ initial rate measured ...
Regulation of Metabolism
... • Cells in the pancreas sense [glucose] and release the peptide hormone insulin • Insulin circulates in the blood and attaches to receptors on target cells • Receptors translate insulin binding into an appropriate cellular response (lower blood glucose) via a second messenger signaling pathway. • In ...
... • Cells in the pancreas sense [glucose] and release the peptide hormone insulin • Insulin circulates in the blood and attaches to receptors on target cells • Receptors translate insulin binding into an appropriate cellular response (lower blood glucose) via a second messenger signaling pathway. • In ...
Modeling the Frog Cell Cycle
... Different stimulation conditions Protein expression levels Manipulation of protein modules Site-specific inhibitors Why do signal proteins contain so many diverse elements? How do feedback loops affect signal processing? ...
... Different stimulation conditions Protein expression levels Manipulation of protein modules Site-specific inhibitors Why do signal proteins contain so many diverse elements? How do feedback loops affect signal processing? ...
Enzymes
... Most work BEST at body temperature 37oC DENATURE (change shape) at high temperatures Inactive (doesn’t work that well) at LOW temperature ...
... Most work BEST at body temperature 37oC DENATURE (change shape) at high temperatures Inactive (doesn’t work that well) at LOW temperature ...
Improving representation of biological responses
... Valerie Wood Varsha Khodiyar Stan Laulederkind ...
... Valerie Wood Varsha Khodiyar Stan Laulederkind ...
Document
... Many poisons and antimicrobial agents are enzyme inhibitors Can be accomplished by competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors Competitive inhibitors - compete with substrate for the active site Noncompetitive inhibitors - bind at another location ...
... Many poisons and antimicrobial agents are enzyme inhibitors Can be accomplished by competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors Competitive inhibitors - compete with substrate for the active site Noncompetitive inhibitors - bind at another location ...
The 14-3-3 proteins in regulation of cellular metabolism - BORA
... interactome of the 14-3-3 proteins and its regulation by protein phosphorylation events suggest a fundamental function of these proteins in signaling related to cellular metabolic states. The archetypical peptide sequence requirements for binding to 14-33 have been known for a long time [9] and have ...
... interactome of the 14-3-3 proteins and its regulation by protein phosphorylation events suggest a fundamental function of these proteins in signaling related to cellular metabolic states. The archetypical peptide sequence requirements for binding to 14-33 have been known for a long time [9] and have ...
ENZYMES (Basic Concepts and Kinetics) (Chapter 8)
... reached and therefore Vmax and hence KM values calculated from this graph are somewhat approximate. ...
... reached and therefore Vmax and hence KM values calculated from this graph are somewhat approximate. ...
to find the lecture notes for lecture 5 cellular communication click here
... – kinases act to phosphorylate their targets – either activating them or inhibiting them – this speeds up/slows down physiological responses within the cell – phosphodiesterase inactivates cAMP quickly many second messengers are made in cells in response to specific hormones ...
... – kinases act to phosphorylate their targets – either activating them or inhibiting them – this speeds up/slows down physiological responses within the cell – phosphodiesterase inactivates cAMP quickly many second messengers are made in cells in response to specific hormones ...
Section 6 – Catalysis
... Some enzymes are activated by phosphorylation, others are inactivated (and vice versa for dephosphorylation) ...
... Some enzymes are activated by phosphorylation, others are inactivated (and vice versa for dephosphorylation) ...
Ch8IntrotoMetabolism_Enzymes
... http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/animations/enzyme_inhibition/ ...
... http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/animations/enzyme_inhibition/ ...
Document
... Vmax – maximal velocity of a reaction. Addition of more substrate will not increase the rate of the reaction. Km – The concentration of substrate at which the rate of the reaction is half-maximal ...
... Vmax – maximal velocity of a reaction. Addition of more substrate will not increase the rate of the reaction. Km – The concentration of substrate at which the rate of the reaction is half-maximal ...
The Michaelis-Menten equation
... mechanism prevents digestive enzymes from digesting their place of synthesis. Trypsinogen, is a precursor of trypsin, its a storage of an inactive form of trypsin so that it may be kept in the pancreas and released in significant amount when required for protein digestion. Trypsin is formed in the s ...
... mechanism prevents digestive enzymes from digesting their place of synthesis. Trypsinogen, is a precursor of trypsin, its a storage of an inactive form of trypsin so that it may be kept in the pancreas and released in significant amount when required for protein digestion. Trypsin is formed in the s ...
Complement system
... 3-Alternative pathway activated in the presence of various microbial pathogen The protein of the system act in enzyme cascade ...
... 3-Alternative pathway activated in the presence of various microbial pathogen The protein of the system act in enzyme cascade ...
Ultrasensitivity
In molecular biology, ultrasensitivity describes an output response that is more sensitive to stimulus change than the hyperbolic Michaelis-Menten response. Ultrasensitivity is one of the biochemical switches in the cell cycle and has been implicated in a number of important cellular events, including exiting G2 cell cycle arrests in Xenopus laevis oocytes, a stage to which the cell or organism would not want to return.Ultrasensitivity is a cellular system which triggers entry into a different cellular state. Ultrasensitivity gives a small response to first input signal, but an increase in the input signal produces higher and higher levels of output. This acts to filter out noise, as small stimuli and threshold concentrations of the stimulus (input signal) is necessary for the trigger which allows the system to get activated quickly. Ultrasensitive responses are represented by sigmoidal graphs, which resemble cooperativity. Quantification of ultrasensitivity is often approximated by the Hill equation (biochemistry):Response= Stimulus^n/(EC50^n+Stimulus^n)Where Hill's coefficient (n) may represent quantitative measure of ultrasensitive response.