PhD position in Plant-Microbe Interaction Biology / Fungal effector
... The department headed by Prof. Volker Lipka is interested in the molecular analysis of plant microbe interactions. The proposed research will focus on the interaction of vascular fungal pathogens of the genus Verticillium with the model plant Arabidopsis . In preliminary work we found Verticillium i ...
... The department headed by Prof. Volker Lipka is interested in the molecular analysis of plant microbe interactions. The proposed research will focus on the interaction of vascular fungal pathogens of the genus Verticillium with the model plant Arabidopsis . In preliminary work we found Verticillium i ...
Integumentary Anatomy Updated for Test
... – Mechanical damage (damage from the external environment/damage caused by movement and physical stress) – Chemical damage (damage from chemicals harmful to the skin) – Bacterial damage (damage from harmful bacteria trying to enter the body) – UV radiation (melanin protects us from the harmful rays ...
... – Mechanical damage (damage from the external environment/damage caused by movement and physical stress) – Chemical damage (damage from chemicals harmful to the skin) – Bacterial damage (damage from harmful bacteria trying to enter the body) – UV radiation (melanin protects us from the harmful rays ...
Danny Reyes - TeacherWeb
... A cell’s membrane has many functions. One of its functions is that it forms a barrier between the inside of the cell, and everything that is outside of the cell, so that the chemical environments on the two sides can be different. The cell membrane controls those differences for the chemical machine ...
... A cell’s membrane has many functions. One of its functions is that it forms a barrier between the inside of the cell, and everything that is outside of the cell, so that the chemical environments on the two sides can be different. The cell membrane controls those differences for the chemical machine ...
Cells questions
... 16. When secretory products are being transported to the cell membrane for export, they A. move through the ER. B. are enclosed in a vesicle. C. are transported by carrier molecules. D. diffuse freely through the cytoplasm. 17. Which of the following is FALSE? A. The contents of a lysosome could de ...
... 16. When secretory products are being transported to the cell membrane for export, they A. move through the ER. B. are enclosed in a vesicle. C. are transported by carrier molecules. D. diffuse freely through the cytoplasm. 17. Which of the following is FALSE? A. The contents of a lysosome could de ...
Homeostasis and Transport
... Used for nerve conduction in animals. 3 sodium ions are pumped out from the cell, while 2 potassium ions are pumped into the cell. Used by the cell in order to pump hydrogen ions out from the cell. It is a form of stored energy that is used to power other active transport gradients. ...
... Used for nerve conduction in animals. 3 sodium ions are pumped out from the cell, while 2 potassium ions are pumped into the cell. Used by the cell in order to pump hydrogen ions out from the cell. It is a form of stored energy that is used to power other active transport gradients. ...
Plasmodesmata signaling: many roles, sophisticated statutes
... Superimposed on these layers of regulation are signaling macromolecules such as the transcription factor KNOTTED (45 kDa), far larger than the SEL, but capable of manipulating PD, presumably to alter the fate of recipient cells [3,4•,5–7]. The mechanisms and importance of noncell autonomous regulati ...
... Superimposed on these layers of regulation are signaling macromolecules such as the transcription factor KNOTTED (45 kDa), far larger than the SEL, but capable of manipulating PD, presumably to alter the fate of recipient cells [3,4•,5–7]. The mechanisms and importance of noncell autonomous regulati ...
Heat shock protein: a hot topic in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
... lethal. Several mechanisms account for this cytoprotective effect. HSPs are powerful chaperones for other cellular proteins, thus promoting the cellular response to misfolded/aggregated proteins [10]. They participate in the proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins, thereby contributing to the so ...
... lethal. Several mechanisms account for this cytoprotective effect. HSPs are powerful chaperones for other cellular proteins, thus promoting the cellular response to misfolded/aggregated proteins [10]. They participate in the proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins, thereby contributing to the so ...
Substances enter and leave cells through the cell membrane
... material and visking tubing as non-living material and be able to interpret experimental results in terms of membrane pore and particle size: the pore size is large enough to allow water molecules through but restricts the movement of solute molecules. ...
... material and visking tubing as non-living material and be able to interpret experimental results in terms of membrane pore and particle size: the pore size is large enough to allow water molecules through but restricts the movement of solute molecules. ...
Mutations showing specificity for normal growth or Mn
... a shortened stationary phase before rapid death of the culture as well as an increase in both superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Mn-CD apparently results from a change in growth control by either disrupting or bypassing a cell division arrest (Chou & Tan, 1990). The Mn-CD effect appears t ...
... a shortened stationary phase before rapid death of the culture as well as an increase in both superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Mn-CD apparently results from a change in growth control by either disrupting or bypassing a cell division arrest (Chou & Tan, 1990). The Mn-CD effect appears t ...
Inflammation
... due to hyperemia, release and activation of cellular enzymes, increased oxygen uptake and production of free radicals by neutrophils during phagocytosis; 4. dolor - pain due to action of mediators, accumulation of exudate and acidosis; 5. functio laesa - loss of function due to pain, swelling and ti ...
... due to hyperemia, release and activation of cellular enzymes, increased oxygen uptake and production of free radicals by neutrophils during phagocytosis; 4. dolor - pain due to action of mediators, accumulation of exudate and acidosis; 5. functio laesa - loss of function due to pain, swelling and ti ...
Feeling green: mechanosensing in plants
... Box 1. Rapid leaflet movement in M. pudica Mechanoreceptors in the leaf of M. pudica elicit an electrical, chemical or, possibly, hydraulic signal that moves to the leaflet base. Specialized motor organs (pulvini) release ions from their cells, causing a loss of internal hydrostatic pressure (turgor ...
... Box 1. Rapid leaflet movement in M. pudica Mechanoreceptors in the leaf of M. pudica elicit an electrical, chemical or, possibly, hydraulic signal that moves to the leaflet base. Specialized motor organs (pulvini) release ions from their cells, causing a loss of internal hydrostatic pressure (turgor ...
T Cell Interstitial Migration: Motility Cues from the Inflamed Tissue for
... non-selective entry of a host of different effector T cells. These effector T cells enter an inflammatory landscape unlike any tissue structure they have previously encountered and must utilize cell-intrinsic motility machinery and environment-specific cues to “explore” the new space. We know little ...
... non-selective entry of a host of different effector T cells. These effector T cells enter an inflammatory landscape unlike any tissue structure they have previously encountered and must utilize cell-intrinsic motility machinery and environment-specific cues to “explore” the new space. We know little ...
letters to the editor
... activity of many cells in the electrogram indicated that activity occurs at another time, the single cell must be right. Certainly there are many problems with the catheter recording procedure for timing and understanding the function of the conduction system. Possibly the greatest of these is the i ...
... activity of many cells in the electrogram indicated that activity occurs at another time, the single cell must be right. Certainly there are many problems with the catheter recording procedure for timing and understanding the function of the conduction system. Possibly the greatest of these is the i ...
Slide 1 - PPKE-ITK
... depolarisation as ionic current flows in through the mechanoelectric transducer channels. The outer hair cell responds by changing length (vertical arrows) Ultrastructural ...
... depolarisation as ionic current flows in through the mechanoelectric transducer channels. The outer hair cell responds by changing length (vertical arrows) Ultrastructural ...
Powerpoint
... • The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA. DNA contains the information on how to make a cell’s proteins. • Messages for how to make proteins are copied from the DNA. These messages are then sent out of the nucleus through the membranes. • The nucleus is covered by two ...
... • The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA. DNA contains the information on how to make a cell’s proteins. • Messages for how to make proteins are copied from the DNA. These messages are then sent out of the nucleus through the membranes. • The nucleus is covered by two ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).