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MembraneStructure
MembraneStructure

... • They may be covalently bonded either to lipids, forming glycolipids, or, more commonly, to proteins, forming glycoproteins. • The oligosaccharides on the external side of the plasma membrane vary from species to species, individual to individual, and even from cell type to cell type within the sam ...
Introduction to histopathology
Introduction to histopathology

... hypersensitive response taking place in the brain. The fact that this immune response is particularly damaging is partly related to the nature of the CNS, which is delicate and normally shielded from immune and inflammatory reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions can be classified into four main types ...
cell membranes
cell membranes

... cytoskeleton ...
the bacterial cell - Journal of Clinical Pathology
the bacterial cell - Journal of Clinical Pathology

... and are responsible for agglutination of the red cells of various animal species. The fimbriae from different serological types of Shigella flexneri are antigenically similar and may be responsible for some of the non-specific agglutinins present in the blood in many individuals. It is still uncerta ...
Movement through the Cell Notes
Movement through the Cell Notes

... Passive Transport Passive Transport: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration WITHOUT the use of energy. There are 2 Types of Passive Transport a. Diffusion b. Facilitated Transport The next several slides are about the transport of molecules acro ...
Unit 4 Notes
Unit 4 Notes

... There are other molecules embedded in the membrane • Cholesterol – strengthens • Proteins – movement and signaling • Carbohydrates – identify the cell ...
Force is a signal that cells cannot ignore
Force is a signal that cells cannot ignore

... transduction involving mechanosensitive ion channels that convert mechanical signals into electrical (ionic) currents. We will not focus on this class of mechanosensitive proteins, which are the subject of several reviews (Sackin, 1995; Hamill and Martinac, 2001; Kung, 2005). Instead, we focus on pr ...
Seminars: Molecular and cellular biophysics WS04/05
Seminars: Molecular and cellular biophysics WS04/05

... constitute these functional units and to establish the first-order connectivity. The dynamics of interactions within these protein machines can be assessed in living cells by the application of fluorescence spectroscopy on a microscopic level, using fluorescent proteins that are introduced within th ...
12750-42213-1
12750-42213-1

... chronic periodontal diseases. Preservation and enhancement of the regeneration of periodontal structures are the main goals of periodontal treatment. However, the periodontium is complex structure as it contains a minimum of six distinct tissues types including: the gingival epithelium, the gingival ...
Ergastic
Ergastic

... Tannins are a group of polyphenolic substances. They are produced in chloroplast derived tannosomes. They are often stored in the vacuole, but can occur in the cytoplasm. Tannins may perform a protective function in plant defense. ...
A C E B D Match A. Nucleus B. Cell membrane C. Vacuole D
A C E B D Match A. Nucleus B. Cell membrane C. Vacuole D

... Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory? A. All cells contain a nucleus. B. All cells come from other living cells. C. All living organisms are made of one or more cells. D. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all ...
LIKE T CELL CLONES Brief Definitive Report FUNCTIONAL y
LIKE T CELL CLONES Brief Definitive Report FUNCTIONAL y

... BRIEF DEFINITIVE REPORT ...
The Pattern of Growth and Flagellar Development in
The Pattern of Growth and Flagellar Development in

... flagella. All these photographs have been printed to demonstrate the flagella in this instance, but their cellular pattern can readily be understood by comparison with P1. 1, fig. 2. The drawings in Figs. 1-4 were made from similar preparations. Figures 1-3 are differentstrains of the Sarcina ureae ...
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia

... 2. Why has natural selection NOT acted against the sickle cell allele in Africa by reduced its frequency in the African population? (In other words, why is this fatal allele so common in Africa?) The defective allele is common in central Africa because people who are heterozygous (Aa) for the sickle ...
Ninein Is Expressed in the Cytoplasm of Angiogenic Tip
Ninein Is Expressed in the Cytoplasm of Angiogenic Tip

... Downloaded from http://atvb.ahajournals.org/ by guest on August 3, 2017 ...
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

... into cellulose and other plant products. Certain carbohydrates (sugar and starch) are a dietary staple in most parts of the world, and the oxidation of carbohydrates is the central energy-yielding pathway in most nonphotosynthetic cells. Insoluble carbohydrate polymers serve as structural and protec ...
The Pattern of Growth and Flagellar Development in
The Pattern of Growth and Flagellar Development in

... flagella. All these photographs have been printed to demonstrate the flagella in this instance, but their cellular pattern can readily be understood by comparison with P1. 1, fig. 2. The drawings in Figs. 1-4 were made from similar preparations. Figures 1-3 are differentstrains of the Sarcina ureae ...
compact bone
compact bone

... bone marrow - a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality) homeostasis - the tendency of a system, especially the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated re ...
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH NAME: Michael Daniel Cahalan eRA
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH NAME: Michael Daniel Cahalan eRA

... channels.  As  an  Assistant  Professor,  I  decided  to  work  on  cells  of  the  immune  system,  originally  from  my  own   blood,  using  a  home-­built  patch  clamp  rig  to  record  from  small  single  cells.  My  research  subsequently  unfolded   in  the  five  main  directions  outlined ...
Full Text
Full Text

... ABSTRACT The use of dihaploid plants for obtaining new varieties has been widely reported in different plant species. The regeneration of these plants is carried out by in vitro induction of embryogenesis in microspores and pollen grains. This process is switched by the application of stress treatme ...
Our Mission: Stem Cell Research to Cure
Our Mission: Stem Cell Research to Cure

... Stem Cells Offer a Path to Curing Spinal Cord Injury Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition. It is complex and multifaceted. For those affected, there are three major obstacles to therapy: loss of neurons, production of an impenetrable glial scar and loss of key insulating cells (oligod ...
A Mutation Inhibiting Protoplasmic Incompatibility in
A Mutation Inhibiting Protoplasmic Incompatibility in

... ModC(I) is thus the second example of a mutation (Boucherie et al., 1976) which suppresses both cell lysis and its two associated specific proteases. The R / V interaction also resulted in the presence in cell extracts of laccase 111 (Boucherie et al., 1976). This enzyme activity was not found in an ...
Bone cell elasticity and morphology changes during the cell cycle
Bone cell elasticity and morphology changes during the cell cycle

... Accepted 8 March 2011 ...
Osmosis: An Important Type of Diffusion
Osmosis: An Important Type of Diffusion

... levels to stay alive and healthy. The movement of water into and out of a cell determines the solute concentration inside the cell. When water enters and exits a cell at the same rate, the cell maintains its size and shape (Figure 3(a)). When there is a lower concentration of water inside the cell t ...
mitosis review
mitosis review

... Answer the following questions: 1. Why do cells have to divide? Why don’t they just keep getting bigger? 2. What are the parts of the cell cycle? What general things happen in each? 3. What are the 3 parts of interphase? What happens during each? 4. What are the 4 phases of mitosis and what occurs i ...
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Extracellular matrix



In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).
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