2. Biology-Drosophila Fly Lab
... organism’s offspring. This is apparent in monohybrid crosses—matings involving only one trait. Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, found in dihybrid crosses (crosses involving two traits), states that the alleles for one trait will separate independently of the alleles in another trait. This mea ...
... organism’s offspring. This is apparent in monohybrid crosses—matings involving only one trait. Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, found in dihybrid crosses (crosses involving two traits), states that the alleles for one trait will separate independently of the alleles in another trait. This mea ...
alleles and punnett square notesBLANK
... that shows up. Blue eyes will only show up if the recessive blue allele’s pair up together. Therefor the phenotype will be blue. If a child receives one dominant brown eye allele from one parent and one recessive blue eye allele from another parent, their genotype will equal=Bb. This is heterozygous ...
... that shows up. Blue eyes will only show up if the recessive blue allele’s pair up together. Therefor the phenotype will be blue. If a child receives one dominant brown eye allele from one parent and one recessive blue eye allele from another parent, their genotype will equal=Bb. This is heterozygous ...
2-Mohybrid Crosses
... • The trait for blood type is an example of multiple alleles. A , B, and O are the alleles that affect blood type. • No matter how many alleles affect a characteristic one individual can only have 2 alleles at one time, – for example, ABO are all alleles for blood types but an individual can only ha ...
... • The trait for blood type is an example of multiple alleles. A , B, and O are the alleles that affect blood type. • No matter how many alleles affect a characteristic one individual can only have 2 alleles at one time, – for example, ABO are all alleles for blood types but an individual can only ha ...
File
... parent plant (because of self-pollination) and introduced pollen from plants with specific characteristics (like shape, color, height) to test dominance. Mendel looked at 7 simple “either or” pea plant traits; seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, and plant ...
... parent plant (because of self-pollination) and introduced pollen from plants with specific characteristics (like shape, color, height) to test dominance. Mendel looked at 7 simple “either or” pea plant traits; seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, and plant ...
I Gray x White
... One brown male guinea pig was crossed with two black females as illustrated in the diagram above. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true? (A) All three parents were heterozygous (B) All three parents were homozygous (C) Female (1) is heterozygous (D) All progene of female (11) a ...
... One brown male guinea pig was crossed with two black females as illustrated in the diagram above. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true? (A) All three parents were heterozygous (B) All three parents were homozygous (C) Female (1) is heterozygous (D) All progene of female (11) a ...
Gregor Mendel
... The reason alleles come in pairs is because chromosomes come in pairs!! – One allele on each chromosome! – WHAT A COINCIDENCE!!! Is inheritance always this simple? – NOOOOO! There are many other types of inheritance besides monogenic complete dominance That would be a trait controlled by only one ...
... The reason alleles come in pairs is because chromosomes come in pairs!! – One allele on each chromosome! – WHAT A COINCIDENCE!!! Is inheritance always this simple? – NOOOOO! There are many other types of inheritance besides monogenic complete dominance That would be a trait controlled by only one ...
Teaching and Learning Genetics with Drosophila 4. Pattern of
... combinations for the three characters under analysis. In these six new varieties, one can see that the three mutant characters, namely thread arista, curled wing and striped thorax are separable from one another and they are not always found in the same fly. This is a very clear indication that thre ...
... combinations for the three characters under analysis. In these six new varieties, one can see that the three mutant characters, namely thread arista, curled wing and striped thorax are separable from one another and they are not always found in the same fly. This is a very clear indication that thre ...
Lab 8 - Population Genetics and Evolution
... The Hardy-Weinberg equation describes an existing situation. If the five conditions are met, then no change will occur in either allele or genotype frequencies in the population. Of what value is such a rule? It provides a yardstick by which changes in allele frequency, and therefore evolution, ...
... The Hardy-Weinberg equation describes an existing situation. If the five conditions are met, then no change will occur in either allele or genotype frequencies in the population. Of what value is such a rule? It provides a yardstick by which changes in allele frequency, and therefore evolution, ...
Genetic conflict, kin and the origins of novel genetic systems
... the zygote and do so earlier, and therefore may be at an advantage in affecting the outcome of the interaction. Indeed most such systems feature parthenogenesis, in which sperm are excluded from the ovum altogether. In a few cases, the asymmetry runs the other way, with an expanded role for males an ...
... the zygote and do so earlier, and therefore may be at an advantage in affecting the outcome of the interaction. Indeed most such systems feature parthenogenesis, in which sperm are excluded from the ovum altogether. In a few cases, the asymmetry runs the other way, with an expanded role for males an ...
Selection: an overview
... power of selection: within less than 200 years, almost the entire phenotypic variation among dog breeds most likely tracing back to a single origin has evolved by strong artificial selection on traits deemed of interest to the human agent. The impact of artificial selection can also be observed in n ...
... power of selection: within less than 200 years, almost the entire phenotypic variation among dog breeds most likely tracing back to a single origin has evolved by strong artificial selection on traits deemed of interest to the human agent. The impact of artificial selection can also be observed in n ...
Directional selection.
... Hitchhiking reduces genetic variation. Variation slowly recovers due to new mutations. Extreme case: periodic selection in asexual organism in which an advantageous mutation is fixed so quickly that genetic variation goes to zero at all loci. Background selection (hitchhiking with lots of drivers go ...
... Hitchhiking reduces genetic variation. Variation slowly recovers due to new mutations. Extreme case: periodic selection in asexual organism in which an advantageous mutation is fixed so quickly that genetic variation goes to zero at all loci. Background selection (hitchhiking with lots of drivers go ...
Punnett Square Quiz
... For the following problems, identify the possible offspring genotypes and find the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. 1) In mice, white fur is recessive to gray fur. Cross a white male with a heterozygous brown female, and find the possible genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Parent Genotypes: __________ ...
... For the following problems, identify the possible offspring genotypes and find the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. 1) In mice, white fur is recessive to gray fur. Cross a white male with a heterozygous brown female, and find the possible genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Parent Genotypes: __________ ...
6.6 Selection: Winning and Losing
... of its entire phenotype.We'll seein Chapters7 and 8 how scientistscan make measurementsof phenotypic selectionto study how complex morphological and behavioral traits evolve. But first let's consider how population geneticistsstudy fitness. Instead of studying an entire phenoqpe, they focus on the e ...
... of its entire phenotype.We'll seein Chapters7 and 8 how scientistscan make measurementsof phenotypic selectionto study how complex morphological and behavioral traits evolve. But first let's consider how population geneticistsstudy fitness. Instead of studying an entire phenoqpe, they focus on the e ...
Problems in Mendelian Genetics
... action of two different, non-allelic (and non-linked) genes. Each of these genes has two alleles, a dominant one which causes normal the production of the pigment controlled by the gene, and a recessive one which is defective, and causes none of that pigment to be produced. Thus, a normal eye-color ...
... action of two different, non-allelic (and non-linked) genes. Each of these genes has two alleles, a dominant one which causes normal the production of the pigment controlled by the gene, and a recessive one which is defective, and causes none of that pigment to be produced. Thus, a normal eye-color ...
Problems in Mendelian Genetics
... action of two different, non-allelic (and non-linked) genes. Each of these genes has two alleles, a dominant one which causes normal the production of the pigment controlled by the gene, and a recessive one which is defective, and causes none of that pigment to be produced. Thus, a normal eye-color ...
... action of two different, non-allelic (and non-linked) genes. Each of these genes has two alleles, a dominant one which causes normal the production of the pigment controlled by the gene, and a recessive one which is defective, and causes none of that pigment to be produced. Thus, a normal eye-color ...
Problems in Mendelian Genetics
... action of two different, non-allelic (and non-linked) genes. Each of these genes has two alleles, a dominant one which causes normal the production of the pigment controlled by the gene, and a recessive one which is defective, and causes none of that pigment to be produced. Thus, a normal eye-color ...
... action of two different, non-allelic (and non-linked) genes. Each of these genes has two alleles, a dominant one which causes normal the production of the pigment controlled by the gene, and a recessive one which is defective, and causes none of that pigment to be produced. Thus, a normal eye-color ...
Mendelian Genetics Review
... In fruit flies, the gene for wing shape has an unusual allele called ‘curly’ (designated ‘Cy’). The normal (wild type) allele is designated ‘cy.’ A fly homozygous for cy (cy cy) has normal, straight wings. The heterozygote (Cy cy) has wings which curl up on the ends (and, incidentally, can’t really ...
... In fruit flies, the gene for wing shape has an unusual allele called ‘curly’ (designated ‘Cy’). The normal (wild type) allele is designated ‘cy.’ A fly homozygous for cy (cy cy) has normal, straight wings. The heterozygote (Cy cy) has wings which curl up on the ends (and, incidentally, can’t really ...
paper
... A commonly held view in evolutionary biology is that speciation (the emergence of genetically distinct and reproductively incompatible subpopulations) is driven by external environmental constraints, such as localized barriers to dispersal or habitat-based variation in selection pressures. We have d ...
... A commonly held view in evolutionary biology is that speciation (the emergence of genetically distinct and reproductively incompatible subpopulations) is driven by external environmental constraints, such as localized barriers to dispersal or habitat-based variation in selection pressures. We have d ...
Patterns of Inheritance
... •In this pattern there is more than just two alleles (3 or more) •Combinations of other patterns •Ex. Some alleles behave in a dominant/recessive fashion while other alleles display a co-dominant or incomplete dominant relationship •This can lead to multiple phenotypes ...
... •In this pattern there is more than just two alleles (3 or more) •Combinations of other patterns •Ex. Some alleles behave in a dominant/recessive fashion while other alleles display a co-dominant or incomplete dominant relationship •This can lead to multiple phenotypes ...
Genetics of a sex-linked recessive red eye color mutant
... After inbreeding a culture of L. lineolaris without introgression for overlapping generations of roughly 60 days for four years (approximately 24 generations), a red eyed individual was identified in a colony cage. For the next two years backcrossing and inspection of the parent colony for additiona ...
... After inbreeding a culture of L. lineolaris without introgression for overlapping generations of roughly 60 days for four years (approximately 24 generations), a red eyed individual was identified in a colony cage. For the next two years backcrossing and inspection of the parent colony for additiona ...
Chapter 12. Population Genetics
... Selection is the consequence of differences of biological fitness (f). Fitness (f) : the probability of transmitting one’s genes to the next generation as compared with the average probability for the population. ...
... Selection is the consequence of differences of biological fitness (f). Fitness (f) : the probability of transmitting one’s genes to the next generation as compared with the average probability for the population. ...
Document
... recessive dragon, what will the genotype(s) and the phenotype(s) of the offspring be? FfWw 2. If two of the offspring from the F1 generation are crossed, what are the potential combinations of alleles in the gametes? FW, Fw, fW, fw 3. Make a Punnett square to show the potential genotypes of the F2 g ...
... recessive dragon, what will the genotype(s) and the phenotype(s) of the offspring be? FfWw 2. If two of the offspring from the F1 generation are crossed, what are the potential combinations of alleles in the gametes? FW, Fw, fW, fw 3. Make a Punnett square to show the potential genotypes of the F2 g ...
Research on diversity, utilization and production quality of local
... CSRM60, ETH3, BM1824, SPS115). Microsatellites were highly polymorphic with a mean number of 11 alleles (ranging from 9 to 16 per locus) and total number of 88 alleles. High level of polymorphism confirms also the average value of PIC (0.7662). The overall average of observed and expected heterozyg ...
... CSRM60, ETH3, BM1824, SPS115). Microsatellites were highly polymorphic with a mean number of 11 alleles (ranging from 9 to 16 per locus) and total number of 88 alleles. High level of polymorphism confirms also the average value of PIC (0.7662). The overall average of observed and expected heterozyg ...
S-B-9-1_Rabbit Natural Selection Laboratory Activity
... 5. Shake the bag to simulate the rabbits mating. Without looking, select two alleles at a time. Place the rabbits (pairs of alleles) in the appropriate dish: FF, Ff, or ff. Record the results in the data table next to “Generation 1.” For example, if you draw colors represented by Ff, place a tally m ...
... 5. Shake the bag to simulate the rabbits mating. Without looking, select two alleles at a time. Place the rabbits (pairs of alleles) in the appropriate dish: FF, Ff, or ff. Record the results in the data table next to “Generation 1.” For example, if you draw colors represented by Ff, place a tally m ...
The Evolution and Consequences of Sex-Specific
... Equation 3). For a given number of offspring produced by the rest of the population, the fitness returns of a focal individual diminishes with its production of more offspring as a consequence of the increased competition between related juveniles for access to breeding. This results in a net negativ ...
... Equation 3). For a given number of offspring produced by the rest of the population, the fitness returns of a focal individual diminishes with its production of more offspring as a consequence of the increased competition between related juveniles for access to breeding. This results in a net negativ ...
Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of natural and sexual selection in order to prevent breeding among related individuals in that species or population. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of said mechanisms.Inbreeding results in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the appearance of disadvantageous traits via the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair’s progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate. The second mechanism relates to the increased fitness of heterozygotes. Many studies have demonstrated that homozygous individuals are often disadvantaged with respect to heterozygous individuals. For example, a study conducted on a population of South African cheetahs demonstrated that the lack of genetic variability among individuals in the population has resulted in negative consequences for individuals, such as a greater rate of juvenile mortality and spermatozoal abnormalities. When heterozygotes possess a fitness advantage relative to a homozygote, a population with a large number of homozygotes will have a relatively reduced fitness, thus leading to inbreeding depression. Through these described mechanisms, the effects of inbreeding depression are often severe enough to cause the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms.