04. Physical-chemical essence of surface phenomenon
... called the adsorbate and the substance on which it is adsorbed is called adsorbent. The reverse process removal of the adsorbed substance from the surface is called desorption. • The adsorption of gases on the surface of metals is called occlusion. • The process of adsorption involves separation of ...
... called the adsorbate and the substance on which it is adsorbed is called adsorbent. The reverse process removal of the adsorbed substance from the surface is called desorption. • The adsorption of gases on the surface of metals is called occlusion. • The process of adsorption involves separation of ...
The Effects of Varying Force and Contact on ATR
... When the sample contact is perfect the absorbance values at 1000 cm-1 are similar to those that would be observed in transmission with a pathlength of around 2-4 µm. This is considerably larger than dp since the evanescent field extends significantly beyond the penetration depth. ...
... When the sample contact is perfect the absorbance values at 1000 cm-1 are similar to those that would be observed in transmission with a pathlength of around 2-4 µm. This is considerably larger than dp since the evanescent field extends significantly beyond the penetration depth. ...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
... In simpler terms, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one substance to another. In a redox reaction, electrons can never be “lost”; if one substance loses electrons, another substance must gain an equal number of electrons. Therefore, oxidation and reduction always happen at the s ...
... In simpler terms, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one substance to another. In a redox reaction, electrons can never be “lost”; if one substance loses electrons, another substance must gain an equal number of electrons. Therefore, oxidation and reduction always happen at the s ...
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM)
... pressure of all metals, thereby allowing it to be heated for electron emission. Other electron sources include lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) cathodes, which can be used in a standard tungsten filament SEM if the vacuum system is upgraded. Electrons can also be emitted using a field emission gun (FEG), ...
... pressure of all metals, thereby allowing it to be heated for electron emission. Other electron sources include lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) cathodes, which can be used in a standard tungsten filament SEM if the vacuum system is upgraded. Electrons can also be emitted using a field emission gun (FEG), ...
p-type and n-type semiconductors
... orbit the nucleus at very high velocities. Although the atom is built from oppositely charged particles, its overall charge is neutral because it contains an equal number of positive protons and negative electrons. The electrons orbit the nucleus at different distances, depending on their energy lev ...
... orbit the nucleus at very high velocities. Although the atom is built from oppositely charged particles, its overall charge is neutral because it contains an equal number of positive protons and negative electrons. The electrons orbit the nucleus at different distances, depending on their energy lev ...
DOS Calculation Analysis of New Transparent Conductor Mg(OH)2-C
... the lattice symmetry of Mg(OH)2 -C was identified to be Mg(OH)2 structure (P-3m1),7) and the example model of Mg(OH)2 -C lattice was like Fig. 1(b).8,9,15) Thus the hypothesized unit-cell model is made from exchanging one H in the unit-cell of Mg(OH)2 with C. And then, the MgOHOC cluster model was co ...
... the lattice symmetry of Mg(OH)2 -C was identified to be Mg(OH)2 structure (P-3m1),7) and the example model of Mg(OH)2 -C lattice was like Fig. 1(b).8,9,15) Thus the hypothesized unit-cell model is made from exchanging one H in the unit-cell of Mg(OH)2 with C. And then, the MgOHOC cluster model was co ...
1. INTRODUCTION This Chapter briefly introduces
... The coexistence of electrical conductivity and optical transparency in these materials depends on the nature, number, and atomic arrangements of metal cations in crystalline or amorphous oxide structures, on the resident morphology, and on the presence of intrinsic or intentionally introduced defect ...
... The coexistence of electrical conductivity and optical transparency in these materials depends on the nature, number, and atomic arrangements of metal cations in crystalline or amorphous oxide structures, on the resident morphology, and on the presence of intrinsic or intentionally introduced defect ...
METALS, SEMICONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
... As k depends linearly on time t it will grow for ever with time. At a certain time it will reach the boundary of the first Brillouin zone and continue into the second Brillouin zone. However, the second Brillouin zone is equivalent to the first one. This implies that Ψk=-π/a = Ψk=π/a. We can thus sh ...
... As k depends linearly on time t it will grow for ever with time. At a certain time it will reach the boundary of the first Brillouin zone and continue into the second Brillouin zone. However, the second Brillouin zone is equivalent to the first one. This implies that Ψk=-π/a = Ψk=π/a. We can thus sh ...
Teknologi Solid State - Universitas Brawijaya
... • Sound waves propagate through solids. This tells us that wavelike lattice vibrations of wavelength long compared to the interatomic spacing are possible. The detailed atomic structure is unimportant for these waves and their propagation is governed by the macroscopic elastic properties of the crys ...
... • Sound waves propagate through solids. This tells us that wavelike lattice vibrations of wavelength long compared to the interatomic spacing are possible. The detailed atomic structure is unimportant for these waves and their propagation is governed by the macroscopic elastic properties of the crys ...
Metal
... metallic crystal structures tend to be densely packed. Reasons for dense packing: ● Typically, only one element is present, so all atomic radii are the same. ● bonding is not directional. ● nearest neighbor distances tend to be small in order to reduce bond energy (energy minimization). ● electron ...
... metallic crystal structures tend to be densely packed. Reasons for dense packing: ● Typically, only one element is present, so all atomic radii are the same. ● bonding is not directional. ● nearest neighbor distances tend to be small in order to reduce bond energy (energy minimization). ● electron ...
Measurement of the force exerted on the surface of an object
... the forces that plasmas exert on walls have never been a major topic. This contribution aims at a demonstration, that the forces related to plasma-wall interactions are experimentally accessible with some effort. Force measurements could provide valuable information about the composition of the impin ...
... the forces that plasmas exert on walls have never been a major topic. This contribution aims at a demonstration, that the forces related to plasma-wall interactions are experimentally accessible with some effort. Force measurements could provide valuable information about the composition of the impin ...
Temperature dependence of liquid Sn sputtering by - CPMI
... region. The Colutron ion source employed extracts ions from a DC discharge of the desired gas with the aid of a hot tungsten cathode (or thermionic emission from a solid source). An ion beam is extracted by a set of lenses, accelerated up to at least 700 eV, and then passes through a Wien filter to r ...
... region. The Colutron ion source employed extracts ions from a DC discharge of the desired gas with the aid of a hot tungsten cathode (or thermionic emission from a solid source). An ion beam is extracted by a set of lenses, accelerated up to at least 700 eV, and then passes through a Wien filter to r ...
Unit 1 Atomic Structure
... • The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. • The Periodic Table of Elements lists all the types of atoms or elements known to mankind. • A molecule is the result of the joining of two or more different types of atoms. ...
... • The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. • The Periodic Table of Elements lists all the types of atoms or elements known to mankind. • A molecule is the result of the joining of two or more different types of atoms. ...
lecture 6
... Ice rules: two H atoms near each O atom, one H atom on each O …O bond, H-O-H angle little less than the tetrahedral angle (109.47°), at about 107°. Cohesive energy 0.58eV; lattice constant 2.75Å ...
... Ice rules: two H atoms near each O atom, one H atom on each O …O bond, H-O-H angle little less than the tetrahedral angle (109.47°), at about 107°. Cohesive energy 0.58eV; lattice constant 2.75Å ...
Chapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids
... • Atoms may assemble into crystalline or amorphous structures. • Common metallic crystal structures are FCC, BCC, and HCP. Coordination number and atomic packing factor are the same for both FCC and HCP crystal structures. • We can predict the density of a material, provided we know the atomic weigh ...
... • Atoms may assemble into crystalline or amorphous structures. • Common metallic crystal structures are FCC, BCC, and HCP. Coordination number and atomic packing factor are the same for both FCC and HCP crystal structures. • We can predict the density of a material, provided we know the atomic weigh ...
Untitled
... semiconducting: doping with an element with one extra valence electron • P-type (positive charge carrying) semiconducting: doping with an element with one less valence electron – By adding and removing electrons from structure makes electrons that are available to flow and ...
... semiconducting: doping with an element with one extra valence electron • P-type (positive charge carrying) semiconducting: doping with an element with one less valence electron – By adding and removing electrons from structure makes electrons that are available to flow and ...
Inorganic Materials Chemistry Core Module 7
... The percentage of intrinsic point defects in most ionic compounds is small but they can have a significant effect on electrical, magnetic and optical properties. The smallest ∆H (∆HS or ∆HF) will determine if Shottky or Frenkel defects dominate. Point defects (extrinsic) Introducing different ions i ...
... The percentage of intrinsic point defects in most ionic compounds is small but they can have a significant effect on electrical, magnetic and optical properties. The smallest ∆H (∆HS or ∆HF) will determine if Shottky or Frenkel defects dominate. Point defects (extrinsic) Introducing different ions i ...
Characterization techniques for nanotechnology
... products. The precise control of nanoparticle size, size distribution, dispersion at nanolevel and deposition on textile substrate needs sophisticated characterization techniques, such as particle size analyzer, electron microscopy (SEM/TEM/HRTEM), atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman s ...
... products. The precise control of nanoparticle size, size distribution, dispersion at nanolevel and deposition on textile substrate needs sophisticated characterization techniques, such as particle size analyzer, electron microscopy (SEM/TEM/HRTEM), atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman s ...
Ceramic Glass
... domestic, industrial and building products and a wide range of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering; for example, in semiconductors. Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, and strong in compression, weak in shearing and tension. ...
... domestic, industrial and building products and a wide range of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering; for example, in semiconductors. Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, and strong in compression, weak in shearing and tension. ...
Inorganic Materials Chemistry Lecture Notes
... The percentage of intrinsic point defects in most ionic compounds is small but they can have a significant effect on electrical, magnetic and optical properties. The smallest ∆H (∆HS or ∆HF) will determine if Shottky or Frenkel defects dominate. Point defects (extrinsic) Introducing different ions i ...
... The percentage of intrinsic point defects in most ionic compounds is small but they can have a significant effect on electrical, magnetic and optical properties. The smallest ∆H (∆HS or ∆HF) will determine if Shottky or Frenkel defects dominate. Point defects (extrinsic) Introducing different ions i ...
L-5: Thermodynamics of Mixtures (Chapter 7)
... covalent bond is called a "hole." An electron from an adjacent covalent bond can move into this hole in an electric field. Since the electric current is carried by what appears to be positive charges, the semiconductor is called "p-type." For example, B in Si: More in section 12.11 in the text. ...
... covalent bond is called a "hole." An electron from an adjacent covalent bond can move into this hole in an electric field. Since the electric current is carried by what appears to be positive charges, the semiconductor is called "p-type." For example, B in Si: More in section 12.11 in the text. ...
Ch05a
... covalent bond is called a "hole." An electron from an adjacent covalent bond can move into this hole in an electric field. Since the electric current is carried by what appears to be positive charges, the semiconductor is called "p-type." For example, B in Si: More in section 12.11 in the text. ...
... covalent bond is called a "hole." An electron from an adjacent covalent bond can move into this hole in an electric field. Since the electric current is carried by what appears to be positive charges, the semiconductor is called "p-type." For example, B in Si: More in section 12.11 in the text. ...
Document
... measure of the amplitude of a wave scattered from an isolated atom (scattering amplitude). • x-rays are scattered by the electron cloud of the atom and hence the scattering power of x-rays increases with the atomic number of the atoms in a sample. • The x-ray form factor is defined as the Fourier tr ...
... measure of the amplitude of a wave scattered from an isolated atom (scattering amplitude). • x-rays are scattered by the electron cloud of the atom and hence the scattering power of x-rays increases with the atomic number of the atoms in a sample. • The x-ray form factor is defined as the Fourier tr ...
poster - Texas A&M University
... There are a variety of detectors that can be used to measure particles emitted from nuclear reactions. The various materials used in these detectors can be solids, liquids or gasses. The composition could contain elements spanning the periodic table from hydrogen through barium. Different detectors ...
... There are a variety of detectors that can be used to measure particles emitted from nuclear reactions. The various materials used in these detectors can be solids, liquids or gasses. The composition could contain elements spanning the periodic table from hydrogen through barium. Different detectors ...
Adsorption energy and spin state of first
... merit a more detailed discussion. First, the adsorption energies (E ads) obtained with the cluster model and corrected by the basis set superposition error are very close to those predicted from the periodic calculations. The largest difference is ⬃0.5 eV, which is not negligible, it is about 50% of ...
... merit a more detailed discussion. First, the adsorption energies (E ads) obtained with the cluster model and corrected by the basis set superposition error are very close to those predicted from the periodic calculations. The largest difference is ⬃0.5 eV, which is not negligible, it is about 50% of ...
Atom probe
The atom probe was introduced at the 14th International Field Emission Symposium in 1967 by Erwin W. Müller and John Panitz. For the first time an instrument could “... determine the nature of one single atom seen on a metal surface and selected from neighboring atoms at the discretion of the observer”. Erwin Wilhelm Müller, J. A. Panitz, and S. Brooks McLane. The atom probe is closely related to the field ion microscope, the first microscopic instrument capable of atomic resolution, developed in 1951 by Erwin Wilhelm Müller.Atom probes are unlike conventional optical or electron microscopes, in that the magnification effect comes from the magnification provided by a highly curved electric field, rather than by the manipulation of radiation paths. The method is destructive in nature removing ions from a sample surface in order to image and identify them, generating magnifications sufficient to observe individual atoms as they are removed from the sample surface. Through coupling of this magnification method with time of flight mass spectrometry, ions evaporated by application of electric pulses can have their mass-to-charge ratio computed.Through successive evaporation of material, layers of atoms are removed from a specimen, allowing for probing not only of the surface, but also through the material itself. Computer methods are utilised to rebuild a three-dimensional view of the sample, prior to it being evaporated, providing atomic scale information on the structure of a sample, as well as providing the type atomic species information. The instrument allows the three-dimensional reconstruction of up to billions of atoms from a sharp tip (corresponding to specimen volumes of 10,000-10,000,000 nm3).