CHAPTER 16—MACROECONOMIC POLICY IN AN OPEN
... a. Tariff trade barrier formation b. Nontariff trade barrier formation c. International economic policy coordination ...
... a. Tariff trade barrier formation b. Nontariff trade barrier formation c. International economic policy coordination ...
Stories of the Twentieth Century for the Twenty
... currency appreciation have been the most robust and significant predictors of financial crises, regardless of whether a country is emerging or advanced. For emerging economies, however, higher foreign exchange reserves predict a sharply reduced probability of a subsequent crisis. (JEL E44, F34, F44, ...
... currency appreciation have been the most robust and significant predictors of financial crises, regardless of whether a country is emerging or advanced. For emerging economies, however, higher foreign exchange reserves predict a sharply reduced probability of a subsequent crisis. (JEL E44, F34, F44, ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INTERNATIONAL RESERVES MANAGEMENT
... for precautionary savings and management of international reserves. The hoarding of reserves associated with mitigating the expected output costs connected with sudden stops is shown to depend positively on the expected output cost associated with the liquidity squeeze. The demand for reserves also ...
... for precautionary savings and management of international reserves. The hoarding of reserves associated with mitigating the expected output costs connected with sudden stops is shown to depend positively on the expected output cost associated with the liquidity squeeze. The demand for reserves also ...
The Reserve Bank’s new foreign exchange intervention policy
... settings or the level of the equilibrium exchange rate. The signal might relate to information the central bank has but market participants do not. The act of intervention may convey a message about monetary policy settings or ...
... settings or the level of the equilibrium exchange rate. The signal might relate to information the central bank has but market participants do not. The act of intervention may convey a message about monetary policy settings or ...
The Relationship Between Foreign Exchange
... currency of the area concerned unlike in smaller economies like Iceland where imports are priced in foreign currency since the króna is rarely used in international trade (Mishkin, 2008). Currency depreciation would therefore have less effect on the price of imported goods than it does in Iceland. M ...
... currency of the area concerned unlike in smaller economies like Iceland where imports are priced in foreign currency since the króna is rarely used in international trade (Mishkin, 2008). Currency depreciation would therefore have less effect on the price of imported goods than it does in Iceland. M ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE NIXON SHOCK AFTER FORTY YEARS:
... the report (Committee on International Trade and Investment Policy 1971, 37). Also in July, new data was released showing that the United States ran an unexpectedly large merchandise trade deficit in June and was on track to have its first annual trade deficit since the nineteenth century. These dat ...
... the report (Committee on International Trade and Investment Policy 1971, 37). Also in July, new data was released showing that the United States ran an unexpectedly large merchandise trade deficit in June and was on track to have its first annual trade deficit since the nineteenth century. These dat ...
Link to Text - Johns Hopkins University
... monetary studies for organizations in a number of East European and Latin American countries. ...
... monetary studies for organizations in a number of East European and Latin American countries. ...
The Gold Price - Dubai City of Gold
... The deficiency embedded in the Bretton-Woods Accord was that it allowed the United States to inflate the dollar without recourse, since the ratio between it and gold was fixed, and set by decree. Therefore, from 1934 to 1971 gold was “worth” $35 an ounce only because Franklin Roosevelt decreed that ...
... The deficiency embedded in the Bretton-Woods Accord was that it allowed the United States to inflate the dollar without recourse, since the ratio between it and gold was fixed, and set by decree. Therefore, from 1934 to 1971 gold was “worth” $35 an ounce only because Franklin Roosevelt decreed that ...
View/Open - Hasanuddin University
... seaweed, box and marbles in South Sulawesi. These commodities contributed to South Sulawesi economy during the 1997 crisis. Although exporters enjoyed fortunate condition during the crisis, they received more rupiahs than ever before for their existing sales contract. The sales contract bore risks o ...
... seaweed, box and marbles in South Sulawesi. These commodities contributed to South Sulawesi economy during the 1997 crisis. Although exporters enjoyed fortunate condition during the crisis, they received more rupiahs than ever before for their existing sales contract. The sales contract bore risks o ...
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) Registration No. 333
... Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in three business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, if the initial settlement on the Notes occurs more than three business days from the Pricing Date, pur ...
... Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in three business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, if the initial settlement on the Notes occurs more than three business days from the Pricing Date, pur ...
23 January 2002 - European Parliament
... Monetary Affairs within the annual research programme This study is published in the following languages: ...
... Monetary Affairs within the annual research programme This study is published in the following languages: ...
Carry Trades, Monetary Policy and Speculative Dynamics
... issuance of eurobonds - the so-called ”glacier bonds” (see Jonsson, p. 70) that were used to fund investment projects in Iceland. The outstanding notional amount of glacier bonds culminated above 30% of Icelandic GDP. Unsurprisingly, such large inflows led to a sharp appreciation in the Krona combi ...
... issuance of eurobonds - the so-called ”glacier bonds” (see Jonsson, p. 70) that were used to fund investment projects in Iceland. The outstanding notional amount of glacier bonds culminated above 30% of Icelandic GDP. Unsurprisingly, such large inflows led to a sharp appreciation in the Krona combi ...
central bank - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • Hence, although a supervisory board of seven members had been set up in Washington, D.C., the regional Reserve banks possessed the essential monetary tools and made the key policy decisions during the Fed’s early years. • Then slowly, economic, financial, and political forces combined to amend the ...
... • Hence, although a supervisory board of seven members had been set up in Washington, D.C., the regional Reserve banks possessed the essential monetary tools and made the key policy decisions during the Fed’s early years. • Then slowly, economic, financial, and political forces combined to amend the ...
Chapter 12 - Aufinance
... • Hence, although a supervisory board of seven members had been set up in Washington, D.C., the regional Reserve banks possessed the essential monetary tools and made the key policy decisions during the Fed’s early years. • Then slowly, economic, financial, and political forces combined to amend the ...
... • Hence, although a supervisory board of seven members had been set up in Washington, D.C., the regional Reserve banks possessed the essential monetary tools and made the key policy decisions during the Fed’s early years. • Then slowly, economic, financial, and political forces combined to amend the ...
Navigating Constraints: The Evolution of Federal Reserve Monetary
... one of the most successful eras of the Fed’s first 100 years. 2. An Empirical Description of Monetary Policy, 1935-59 Like Romer and Romer (2002), we begin by examining the responsiveness of monetary policy to macroeconomic conditions, specifically expected inflation and the output gap. Figures 1 an ...
... one of the most successful eras of the Fed’s first 100 years. 2. An Empirical Description of Monetary Policy, 1935-59 Like Romer and Romer (2002), we begin by examining the responsiveness of monetary policy to macroeconomic conditions, specifically expected inflation and the output gap. Figures 1 an ...
Reserve currency
A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a currency that is held in significant quantities by governments and institutions as part of their foreign exchange reserves. The reserve currency is commonly used in international transactions and often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency. People who live in a country that issues a reserve currency can purchase imports and borrow across borders more cheaply than people in other nations because they don't need to exchange their currency to do so.By the end of the 20th century, the United States dollar was considered the world's most dominant reserve currency, and the world's need for dollars has allowed the United States government as well as Americans to borrow at lower costs, granting them an advantage in excess of $100 billion per year. However, the U.S. dollar's status as a reserve currency, by increasing in value, hurts U.S. exporters.