Stars - Stallion Science
... • If there isn’t enough mass – gravity will not be strong enough to stop the expansion • Just right amount of mass – the expansion will slow down but not end completely • Too much mass – gravity will overcome the expansion and the universe will start to contract (the big crunch), becoming very hot a ...
... • If there isn’t enough mass – gravity will not be strong enough to stop the expansion • Just right amount of mass – the expansion will slow down but not end completely • Too much mass – gravity will overcome the expansion and the universe will start to contract (the big crunch), becoming very hot a ...
Alexei Starobinsky Viatcheslav Mukhanov
... Editor of several journals and he has obtained numerous awards and honors. Alexei Starobinsky worked on particle creation in cosmology and by rotating black holes already in his early career. In 1979/80 he developed the first working model of inflation and calculated the generation of gravitons duri ...
... Editor of several journals and he has obtained numerous awards and honors. Alexei Starobinsky worked on particle creation in cosmology and by rotating black holes already in his early career. In 1979/80 he developed the first working model of inflation and calculated the generation of gravitons duri ...
Word
... (may) dominates the mass in the Universe lead to different predictions for the strength of the density fluctuations on different scales. These predictions can in principle be tested and the current "bestbet" (though I wouldn't put money on it) is known as Cold Dark Matter. We can now begin to test ...
... (may) dominates the mass in the Universe lead to different predictions for the strength of the density fluctuations on different scales. These predictions can in principle be tested and the current "bestbet" (though I wouldn't put money on it) is known as Cold Dark Matter. We can now begin to test ...
Mysteries of Space
... of white dwarf stars and plotted their magnitude against their red-shift and found that they were much farther than the scientists inferred. • Astronomers predicted that after the Big Bang the universe should be gradually slowing down in expansion due to gravity, but the supernovae data shows the un ...
... of white dwarf stars and plotted their magnitude against their red-shift and found that they were much farther than the scientists inferred. • Astronomers predicted that after the Big Bang the universe should be gradually slowing down in expansion due to gravity, but the supernovae data shows the un ...
Cosmology, galaxies, stars and the sun
... •Gravity begins to pull the gases inward during the birth of a star. •Then, with gravity, the density of the gases increases which causes the pressure and temperature to increase, until the star finally stabilizes. ...
... •Gravity begins to pull the gases inward during the birth of a star. •Then, with gravity, the density of the gases increases which causes the pressure and temperature to increase, until the star finally stabilizes. ...
Cosmology
... • Matter and anti-matter created via pair production. – Most pairs annihilate each other. – Inflation is so fast that some pairs are separated – But more matter than anti matter survives – Why? ...
... • Matter and anti-matter created via pair production. – Most pairs annihilate each other. – Inflation is so fast that some pairs are separated – But more matter than anti matter survives – Why? ...
Chapter 31 Galaxies & the Universe
... that the universe looks the same on large scales to all observers and that it has always looked that way ...
... that the universe looks the same on large scales to all observers and that it has always looked that way ...
B4-PMo-10
... A new field theory formulation is presented for the analysis of the CMB power spectrum distribution in the cosmology. The background-field formalism is fully used. The gravitational (metric) field gµν is not taken as the quantum field, but as the background field. The statistical fluctuation of the metric ...
... A new field theory formulation is presented for the analysis of the CMB power spectrum distribution in the cosmology. The background-field formalism is fully used. The gravitational (metric) field gµν is not taken as the quantum field, but as the background field. The statistical fluctuation of the metric ...
1 Introduction for non-astronomers 1.1 Our expanding universe
... And if the entire mass of the universe were limited to only the visible galaxies and clusters of galaxies, the rapid expansion started by the Big Bang could not yet have been sufficiently slowed for the world around us to be assembled. Indeed, if there turns out to be a lot of dark matter, the expan ...
... And if the entire mass of the universe were limited to only the visible galaxies and clusters of galaxies, the rapid expansion started by the Big Bang could not yet have been sufficiently slowed for the world around us to be assembled. Indeed, if there turns out to be a lot of dark matter, the expan ...
TR-16
... in the core and created a dense shockwave. The shockwave radiated neutrinos out from the star. These neutrinos were detected in Japan and the U.S. three hours before the light reached the Earth. The neutrino observations were consistent with the supernova predictions. ...
... in the core and created a dense shockwave. The shockwave radiated neutrinos out from the star. These neutrinos were detected in Japan and the U.S. three hours before the light reached the Earth. The neutrino observations were consistent with the supernova predictions. ...
Universe, Galaxies, and Stars – The Basics
... 2. The rest of the elements (heavy elements) were made through nuclear fusion in the core of stars and during supernovas. 3. You have many more elements than just hydrogen and helium that make up your body. 4. The heavy elements in your body are mainly incorporated into your body from the food you e ...
... 2. The rest of the elements (heavy elements) were made through nuclear fusion in the core of stars and during supernovas. 3. You have many more elements than just hydrogen and helium that make up your body. 4. The heavy elements in your body are mainly incorporated into your body from the food you e ...
Cosmology
... 1916 Einstein: General Relativity (basic framework for cosmology) 1917 Einstein: cosmology constant (Λ) – biggest blunder 1910 Slipher (Lowell Observatory): redshift / blueshift of nebulae 1913 Andromeda: blueshift – 300 km/s 1913 – 1916 22 nebulae: redshift – 1000 km/s ...
... 1916 Einstein: General Relativity (basic framework for cosmology) 1917 Einstein: cosmology constant (Λ) – biggest blunder 1910 Slipher (Lowell Observatory): redshift / blueshift of nebulae 1913 Andromeda: blueshift – 300 km/s 1913 – 1916 22 nebulae: redshift – 1000 km/s ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.
... the speed of a river. These observations made clear that the expansion was slower in the past than today and is therefore accelerating. More specifically, it had been slowing down but at some point underwent a transition and began speeding up. This striking result has since been cross-checked by ind ...
... the speed of a river. These observations made clear that the expansion was slower in the past than today and is therefore accelerating. More specifically, it had been slowing down but at some point underwent a transition and began speeding up. This striking result has since been cross-checked by ind ...
Space Science Review Vocabulary: Nebula Proto Star Main
... What kinds of information does a star’s spectrum tell us? What happens when light excites electrons – how is what we see as color produced or created? IPC Relate frequency to wavelength in the visible light spectrum – 8th Science Explain the complexity in the parts, purpose, complexity demo for the ...
... What kinds of information does a star’s spectrum tell us? What happens when light excites electrons – how is what we see as color produced or created? IPC Relate frequency to wavelength in the visible light spectrum – 8th Science Explain the complexity in the parts, purpose, complexity demo for the ...
A glance at the beginning of the Universe
... Edwin Hubble identified Cepheid variables in Andromeda Nebula. He proved conclusively that these nebulae were too distant to be part of the Milky Way and were, in fact, entire galaxies outside our own. ...
... Edwin Hubble identified Cepheid variables in Andromeda Nebula. He proved conclusively that these nebulae were too distant to be part of the Milky Way and were, in fact, entire galaxies outside our own. ...
Where is the antimatter?
... When matter and antimatter come together, they violently destroy each other. If the universe had equal amounts of matter and antimatter (as the big bang requires), life would not be possible. ...
... When matter and antimatter come together, they violently destroy each other. If the universe had equal amounts of matter and antimatter (as the big bang requires), life would not be possible. ...
From Big Bang to Biospheres: The Scope and Limits of Explanation
... (iv) The stars then assemble into galaxies. Fusion processes within the stars synthesis the periodic table from pristine hydrogen. Short-lived stars of high mass end their lives as supernovae, and fling this processed material back into space. Second-generation stars (our Sun among them) condense fr ...
... (iv) The stars then assemble into galaxies. Fusion processes within the stars synthesis the periodic table from pristine hydrogen. Short-lived stars of high mass end their lives as supernovae, and fling this processed material back into space. Second-generation stars (our Sun among them) condense fr ...
Announcements
... When were galaxies in the same place? time = distance / velocity = 7 Mpc/(0.508 Mpc/Gyr) ...
... When were galaxies in the same place? time = distance / velocity = 7 Mpc/(0.508 Mpc/Gyr) ...
Dark Matter in the Universe:
... the Large Magellanic Cloud, the star will appear to brighten and then return to normal (twinkle!) How much the star brightens depends on how close the MACHO comes to the line-of-sight. How long it appears to be brighter depends on how fast the MACHO is moving and how massive it is. ...
... the Large Magellanic Cloud, the star will appear to brighten and then return to normal (twinkle!) How much the star brightens depends on how close the MACHO comes to the line-of-sight. How long it appears to be brighter depends on how fast the MACHO is moving and how massive it is. ...
Birth, Age and the Future of the Universe
... symmetry breaking; it is still not fully understood. And yet it is decisive for our existence. Hundred seconds after the Big Bang the temperature had dropped to 1000 million degrees and for the first time protons and neutrons could stick together to form the most simple elements, deuterium and heliu ...
... symmetry breaking; it is still not fully understood. And yet it is decisive for our existence. Hundred seconds after the Big Bang the temperature had dropped to 1000 million degrees and for the first time protons and neutrons could stick together to form the most simple elements, deuterium and heliu ...
Large Number Hypothesis
... the stationary model. The open model：the universe is forever expanding and there will be no end of the universe. The closed model：at some point in the future, the universe will collapse into a point, denoting the end of the universe. The stationary model：the universe neither expands nor contracts, ...
... the stationary model. The open model：the universe is forever expanding and there will be no end of the universe. The closed model：at some point in the future, the universe will collapse into a point, denoting the end of the universe. The stationary model：the universe neither expands nor contracts, ...
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.