Introduction Introduction to to Astrophysics Astrophysics
... approximately 120 km/s. Its distance to earth is approximately 2 million lightyears. in how many years from now will we collide based on these figures? However, as this motion is accelerated due to gravitational interaction, the merger will be much sooner. In about 3 billion years, the two galaxies ...
... approximately 120 km/s. Its distance to earth is approximately 2 million lightyears. in how many years from now will we collide based on these figures? However, as this motion is accelerated due to gravitational interaction, the merger will be much sooner. In about 3 billion years, the two galaxies ...
The Universe
... Precise measurements of many of the galaxies by Ernst Opik and Edwin Hubble in the 1920s led to distance determination methods that included Doppler shift measurements based on relative velocities between distant galaxies and an observer on Earth Following Hubble’s classification of galaxy shapes an ...
... Precise measurements of many of the galaxies by Ernst Opik and Edwin Hubble in the 1920s led to distance determination methods that included Doppler shift measurements based on relative velocities between distant galaxies and an observer on Earth Following Hubble’s classification of galaxy shapes an ...
Observational Overview
... In 1963, objects that looked like stars – called Quasars – were discovered to be the most distant objects in the Universe and thus incredibly luminous. The first object discovered 3C 273 was at a distance of 900 Mpc (= 3 billion l yr). The only possible explanation for the huge luminosities of such ...
... In 1963, objects that looked like stars – called Quasars – were discovered to be the most distant objects in the Universe and thus incredibly luminous. The first object discovered 3C 273 was at a distance of 900 Mpc (= 3 billion l yr). The only possible explanation for the huge luminosities of such ...
THE VIRTUAL INEVITABILITY OF SINGULARITIES IN
... time-like curves), (3) the mass density and pressure of matter never become negative, (4) the universe is closed and/or there is enough matter present to create a trapped surface, and (5) the space-time manifold is not too highly symmetric.2 Prior to the discovery of evidence for an inflationary era ...
... time-like curves), (3) the mass density and pressure of matter never become negative, (4) the universe is closed and/or there is enough matter present to create a trapped surface, and (5) the space-time manifold is not too highly symmetric.2 Prior to the discovery of evidence for an inflationary era ...
galaxy phenomenology
... ‣ most massive gravitational bound objects in the Universe ‣ contain up to thousands of galaxies ‣ most baryons intracluster gas, T~107-108 K gas ‣ smaller collections of bound galaxies are called 'groups' ...
... ‣ most massive gravitational bound objects in the Universe ‣ contain up to thousands of galaxies ‣ most baryons intracluster gas, T~107-108 K gas ‣ smaller collections of bound galaxies are called 'groups' ...
Document
... The cosmic timeline • Physics gives us a framework within which to describe the Big Bang from the earliest phases to the present. – Particle accelerators probe matter at states similar to some of these early phases. • Large Hadron Collider will soon begin experiments ...
... The cosmic timeline • Physics gives us a framework within which to describe the Big Bang from the earliest phases to the present. – Particle accelerators probe matter at states similar to some of these early phases. • Large Hadron Collider will soon begin experiments ...
A Field Theory approach to important Cosmological Issues including
... Density of the Field Configurations We demonstrated that the Energy Density moves radially inwards as collapse occurs Finally, we integrated the energy density and looked at the masses of collapsed objects formed. The result we obtained was that the masses of collapsed objects are given by ...
... Density of the Field Configurations We demonstrated that the Energy Density moves radially inwards as collapse occurs Finally, we integrated the energy density and looked at the masses of collapsed objects formed. The result we obtained was that the masses of collapsed objects are given by ...
relativistic time correction on movement of distant galaxies
... at about 13.4+5=18.4 billion years ago. (In fact, present age of this star is to be multiplied by 1+z =1.98. So it is 5x1.98= 9.9 billion light years. But we have just received light from that galaxy and hence cannot see the past life of star). But 18.4 billion years is greater than the present esti ...
... at about 13.4+5=18.4 billion years ago. (In fact, present age of this star is to be multiplied by 1+z =1.98. So it is 5x1.98= 9.9 billion light years. But we have just received light from that galaxy and hence cannot see the past life of star). But 18.4 billion years is greater than the present esti ...
Chapter 7
... Nucleosynthesis and Recombination With telescopes we can look all the way back to the time when the CMB was released, at z = 1100, i.e. 0.3 million years after the Big Bang. Unfortunately the CMB blocks our view of what happened earlier. We have to infer the cosmic line of events before the CMB usin ...
... Nucleosynthesis and Recombination With telescopes we can look all the way back to the time when the CMB was released, at z = 1100, i.e. 0.3 million years after the Big Bang. Unfortunately the CMB blocks our view of what happened earlier. We have to infer the cosmic line of events before the CMB usin ...
2. The World at Large: From the Big Bang to Black Holes
... Sun will exist as a quietly shining star for a substantial amount of time. Mankind has just started its evolution as an intelligent lifeform. If they do not perish prematurely, our offspring will advance, during the billions of years of their future, far beyond Earth to distant solar systems. Even i ...
... Sun will exist as a quietly shining star for a substantial amount of time. Mankind has just started its evolution as an intelligent lifeform. If they do not perish prematurely, our offspring will advance, during the billions of years of their future, far beyond Earth to distant solar systems. Even i ...
Moffat
... weakly with gravitational strength to ordinary baryonic matter. This cold fluid has zero classical pressure and zero shear viscosity and dominates the density of matter at cosmological scales and, because of its clumping due to gravitational collapse, allows the formation of structure and galaxies a ...
... weakly with gravitational strength to ordinary baryonic matter. This cold fluid has zero classical pressure and zero shear viscosity and dominates the density of matter at cosmological scales and, because of its clumping due to gravitational collapse, allows the formation of structure and galaxies a ...
22_Testbank
... There is no way to distinguish one place from another, and all forces are one. With this perfect symmetry, there is no obvious way to define the flow of time. Where are you? A) You are in the center of a young star. B) You are in the early universe before the Planck time. C) You are floating somewhe ...
... There is no way to distinguish one place from another, and all forces are one. With this perfect symmetry, there is no obvious way to define the flow of time. Where are you? A) You are in the center of a young star. B) You are in the early universe before the Planck time. C) You are floating somewhe ...
Oscillating Universe like exact solution of the R2 theory of gravity
... astronomy will be the definitive test for General Relativity or, alternatively, a strong endorsement for Extended Theories of Gravity [12]. In [13], an oscillating Universe has been discussed in the linearized R2 theory of gravity. The R2 theory was originally proposed in [9] with the aim of obtaini ...
... astronomy will be the definitive test for General Relativity or, alternatively, a strong endorsement for Extended Theories of Gravity [12]. In [13], an oscillating Universe has been discussed in the linearized R2 theory of gravity. The R2 theory was originally proposed in [9] with the aim of obtaini ...
Expanding Universe and Big Bang
... In the 20th century, as theory and technology advanced, Doppler techniques began to be used widely. Vesto Slipher, from 1912, made a series of astounding measurements which showed galaxies racing around the universe. The Andromeda galaxy was racing towards us at 300 km/s; but almost every other gala ...
... In the 20th century, as theory and technology advanced, Doppler techniques began to be used widely. Vesto Slipher, from 1912, made a series of astounding measurements which showed galaxies racing around the universe. The Andromeda galaxy was racing towards us at 300 km/s; but almost every other gala ...
Unit 11: Dark Energy
... of curvature to make the universe "closed." This meant it behaved like the two-dimensional surface of a sphere, which has a finite surface area and has no edge, but Einstein was thinking of four dimensions of space and time. As Einstein apologized at the time, "...we admittedly had to introduce an e ...
... of curvature to make the universe "closed." This meant it behaved like the two-dimensional surface of a sphere, which has a finite surface area and has no edge, but Einstein was thinking of four dimensions of space and time. As Einstein apologized at the time, "...we admittedly had to introduce an e ...
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... series of seminars in which he introduced “inflation” into the lexicon of cosmology. The term refers to a brief burst of hyperaccelerated expansion that, he argued, may have occurred during the first instants after the big bang. One of these seminars took place at Harvard University, where I myself ...
... series of seminars in which he introduced “inflation” into the lexicon of cosmology. The term refers to a brief burst of hyperaccelerated expansion that, he argued, may have occurred during the first instants after the big bang. One of these seminars took place at Harvard University, where I myself ...
"Galaxies and the Universe" Lesson Outline answers
... 4. Earth and the other planets of our solar system are located in a spiral arm of the Milky Way. ...
... 4. Earth and the other planets of our solar system are located in a spiral arm of the Milky Way. ...
Modified Gravity
... - of same order as dark matter Original models do not fit the present observations …. modifications ...
... - of same order as dark matter Original models do not fit the present observations …. modifications ...
Modified Gravity
... - of same order as dark matter Original models do not fit the present observations …. modifications ...
... - of same order as dark matter Original models do not fit the present observations …. modifications ...
Dr. David Toback Lecture 19
... to form deuterium and helium nuclei • A few hundred thousand • Protons and electrons combine years to form hydrogen atoms • 100 million to 1 billion • Stars and galaxies begin to years form • 9 billion years • Our solar system forms • ~13.5 billion years • You take ASTR/PHYS 109 Big Bang, Black Hole ...
... to form deuterium and helium nuclei • A few hundred thousand • Protons and electrons combine years to form hydrogen atoms • 100 million to 1 billion • Stars and galaxies begin to years form • 9 billion years • Our solar system forms • ~13.5 billion years • You take ASTR/PHYS 109 Big Bang, Black Hole ...
File - INFN-LNF
... Relativistic particle acceleration in the Universe radio galaxies and quasar at ultra low frequency diffuse emission from Large Scale Structure formation relativistic hadrons in galaxies and cluster of galaxies dark matter annihilation Supermassive Black Holes radio loud – radio quiet dichotomy form ...
... Relativistic particle acceleration in the Universe radio galaxies and quasar at ultra low frequency diffuse emission from Large Scale Structure formation relativistic hadrons in galaxies and cluster of galaxies dark matter annihilation Supermassive Black Holes radio loud – radio quiet dichotomy form ...
Mach`s Principle, Dirac`s Large Numbers, and the
... as m ≈ (h2 Ho / Gc)1/3. The trouble is that the Hubble “constant” varies with time: this led Dirac to propose his cosmology with varying constants, guided as he was by the idea that these relations describe “fundamental though as yet unexplained truths”.3 But observations and experiments have now ru ...
... as m ≈ (h2 Ho / Gc)1/3. The trouble is that the Hubble “constant” varies with time: this led Dirac to propose his cosmology with varying constants, guided as he was by the idea that these relations describe “fundamental though as yet unexplained truths”.3 But observations and experiments have now ru ...
Advancing Physics A2
... Some or all of the following activities may be used: Activity 110P Presentation 'Changes in velocity and rotation' Also uses File 50L Launchable File 'Doppler seen and heard' Many objects in the Universe spin on their axis or orbit around a more massive body. Typically this will result in component ...
... Some or all of the following activities may be used: Activity 110P Presentation 'Changes in velocity and rotation' Also uses File 50L Launchable File 'Doppler seen and heard' Many objects in the Universe spin on their axis or orbit around a more massive body. Typically this will result in component ...
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.