PH607lec12
... behind, instead of the same redshifts proportional to distance in all directions (Universe is isotropic). Thus we can measure our motion relative to the Hubble flow, which is also our motion relative to the observable Universe. A comoving observer is at rest in this special frame of reference. Our ...
... behind, instead of the same redshifts proportional to distance in all directions (Universe is isotropic). Thus we can measure our motion relative to the Hubble flow, which is also our motion relative to the observable Universe. A comoving observer is at rest in this special frame of reference. Our ...
Details of the measurement technique
... masses so precisely because our measurements are based on the motion of gas very close to the black hole, less than a light-year in many cases. Compared to techniques using optical telescopes, where the black hole mass can only be determined within a factor of 2 or so in the best cases, here we can ...
... masses so precisely because our measurements are based on the motion of gas very close to the black hole, less than a light-year in many cases. Compared to techniques using optical telescopes, where the black hole mass can only be determined within a factor of 2 or so in the best cases, here we can ...
TED Connection: Far, far away galaxies and why they matter
... enormous and describe a trait that its size gives it that something similar yet smaller does not have. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The second rea ...
... enormous and describe a trait that its size gives it that something similar yet smaller does not have. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The second rea ...
Heart of darkness: The cluster Abell 545 and its “star pile”
... (< 400kpc) f_gas~4.7% (<400 kpc) ...
... (< 400kpc) f_gas~4.7% (<400 kpc) ...
Our galaxy is the centre of the universe
... indistinguishable if σ were significantly larger than the spacing between shells, δ r. Even if σr were zero, the groups would be indistinguishable if σθ were greater than δ r. Figure 8 illustrates this smearing. It shows a computer simulation of distance groups, first seen from the exact centre, and ...
... indistinguishable if σ were significantly larger than the spacing between shells, δ r. Even if σr were zero, the groups would be indistinguishable if σθ were greater than δ r. Figure 8 illustrates this smearing. It shows a computer simulation of distance groups, first seen from the exact centre, and ...
Our galaxy is the centre of the universe, `quantized` red shifts show
... spectrum. The survey listed redshifts in the prominent 21cm wavelength line from hydrogen in the galaxies. Tifft and Cocke found ‘sharp periodicities20 at exact submultiples (1/3 and 1/2) of 72.45 km/s’, stating, ‘There is now very firm evidence that the redshifts of galaxies are quantized with a pr ...
... spectrum. The survey listed redshifts in the prominent 21cm wavelength line from hydrogen in the galaxies. Tifft and Cocke found ‘sharp periodicities20 at exact submultiples (1/3 and 1/2) of 72.45 km/s’, stating, ‘There is now very firm evidence that the redshifts of galaxies are quantized with a pr ...
Lecture 1a
... • Early universe contained only the elements hydrogen and helium. • All other elements were made in stars and recycled into new generations of stars within galaxies. • We are “star stuff” ...
... • Early universe contained only the elements hydrogen and helium. • All other elements were made in stars and recycled into new generations of stars within galaxies. • We are “star stuff” ...
Investigate Planets, Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
... Activity: Our Cosmic Address in the Known Universe Write “Our Cosmic Address” on the board. List the address of the school, then the city, state, country, and continent. Continue with Earth, the Solar System, the Milky Way Galaxy, the Virgo Supercluster, and the observable universe (the school’s “lo ...
... Activity: Our Cosmic Address in the Known Universe Write “Our Cosmic Address” on the board. List the address of the school, then the city, state, country, and continent. Continue with Earth, the Solar System, the Milky Way Galaxy, the Virgo Supercluster, and the observable universe (the school’s “lo ...
Overview and historical perspective on Cosmology
... • We are in a special time and place in this universe: Earth is good, the Sun’s still here, we had time for life to evolve, we didn’t die off • “If things had been different before, they would be different now” • Limited predictive power (so far) • Infinite discussion power June 30, 2008 ...
... • We are in a special time and place in this universe: Earth is good, the Sun’s still here, we had time for life to evolve, we didn’t die off • “If things had been different before, they would be different now” • Limited predictive power (so far) • Infinite discussion power June 30, 2008 ...
Studying the Metallicities of Dwarf Galaxies Myles McKay (SCSU)
... NO DEFINITION! Milky Way Galaxy ...
... NO DEFINITION! Milky Way Galaxy ...
form b - University of Iowa Astrophysics
... (a) Stars close to the supermassive black hole are orbiting at very high speeds. (b) Stars close to the supermassive black hole are all sucked in so that none are left. (c) There are powerful jets of radiation emitted by our Galaxy’s supermassive black hole. (d) The supermassive black hole is a very ...
... (a) Stars close to the supermassive black hole are orbiting at very high speeds. (b) Stars close to the supermassive black hole are all sucked in so that none are left. (c) There are powerful jets of radiation emitted by our Galaxy’s supermassive black hole. (d) The supermassive black hole is a very ...
How do we know what stars are
... Life Cycle of Stars Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzE7VZMT1z8 Age of a star is determined by the emission spectrum and the percentage of heavier elements. A star begins its life composed of _______________. Fusion creates ____________ in the core which increases as the star ages. When helium ...
... Life Cycle of Stars Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzE7VZMT1z8 Age of a star is determined by the emission spectrum and the percentage of heavier elements. A star begins its life composed of _______________. Fusion creates ____________ in the core which increases as the star ages. When helium ...
Age Estimates of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way
... stellar evolution were performed, as well as refined estimates of the parameters that govern stellar evolution, the lower limit on globular cluster ages progressively decreased, so that a wide range of cosmological models produced Hubble ages consistent with this lower limit (4 –7). In the interim, ...
... stellar evolution were performed, as well as refined estimates of the parameters that govern stellar evolution, the lower limit on globular cluster ages progressively decreased, so that a wide range of cosmological models produced Hubble ages consistent with this lower limit (4 –7). In the interim, ...
PH607 – Galaxies
... 7.2 Clusters of Galaxies Clusters are systems a few Mpc across, typically containing at least 50-100 luminous galaxies within the central 1 Mpc Clusters are gravitationally bound Clusters are filled with hot X-ray gas Only ~20% of galaxies live in clusters, most live in groups or in the “fi ...
... 7.2 Clusters of Galaxies Clusters are systems a few Mpc across, typically containing at least 50-100 luminous galaxies within the central 1 Mpc Clusters are gravitationally bound Clusters are filled with hot X-ray gas Only ~20% of galaxies live in clusters, most live in groups or in the “fi ...
Andromeda Nebula Lies Outside Milky Way Galaxy
... Using the 100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, Dr. Edwin Hubble has studied many spiral nebulae. He has discovered they are moving away from us at a rapid pace. This is strong evidence of an expanding universe. He has further determined that the farther the nebula, the faster it mo ...
... Using the 100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, Dr. Edwin Hubble has studied many spiral nebulae. He has discovered they are moving away from us at a rapid pace. This is strong evidence of an expanding universe. He has further determined that the farther the nebula, the faster it mo ...
3 The lives of galaxies
... If an invisible MACHO passes in front of a distant star, the gravitational lensing effect will make the star temporarily get brighter. This effect has been seen but not as often as it should have been if all dark matter is mae of MACHOs. So it seems this is not the answer. Figure 34: As a background ...
... If an invisible MACHO passes in front of a distant star, the gravitational lensing effect will make the star temporarily get brighter. This effect has been seen but not as often as it should have been if all dark matter is mae of MACHOs. So it seems this is not the answer. Figure 34: As a background ...
A New Method To Determine Large Scale Structure From
... used in simulation is close to the best fit k 0 ...
... used in simulation is close to the best fit k 0 ...
Three Minutes After The Big Bang
... • There is a LOT more mass in the dark maMer than in the stars – More on dark maMer in Chapter 6 ...
... • There is a LOT more mass in the dark maMer than in the stars – More on dark maMer in Chapter 6 ...
The Death of a Star - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... Coma cluster is nothing special; today we know of thousands of clusters just like it). Further, the plasma is also gravitationally bound to the cluster, but does not have enough mass itself to keep it there. Some more mass is needed, and that mass is dark matter. Around the same time, Kent Ford and ...
... Coma cluster is nothing special; today we know of thousands of clusters just like it). Further, the plasma is also gravitationally bound to the cluster, but does not have enough mass itself to keep it there. Some more mass is needed, and that mass is dark matter. Around the same time, Kent Ford and ...
The Inflation Debate - Physics Department, Princeton University
... series of seminars in which he introduced “inflation” into the lexicon of cosmology. The term refers to a brief burst of hyperaccelerated expansion that, he argued, may have occurred during the first instants after the big bang. One of these seminars took place at Harvard University, where I myself ...
... series of seminars in which he introduced “inflation” into the lexicon of cosmology. The term refers to a brief burst of hyperaccelerated expansion that, he argued, may have occurred during the first instants after the big bang. One of these seminars took place at Harvard University, where I myself ...
a MS Word version.
... 9. These same measurements have also revealed other parameters which describe our universe. For instance, what do these measurements tell us about the make-up of our universe? i.e.: What percentages of the matter-energy density of the universe are made up of normal (baryonic) matter, dark matter, a ...
... 9. These same measurements have also revealed other parameters which describe our universe. For instance, what do these measurements tell us about the make-up of our universe? i.e.: What percentages of the matter-energy density of the universe are made up of normal (baryonic) matter, dark matter, a ...
Chapter 1 - Princeton University Press
... their velocities. He found that the further away a galaxy was, the faster it was moving away from us. The whole universe was expanding! This was astonishing. Isaac Newton had a static universe. Even Einstein, genius of curved spacetime, thought the universe must be static. The discovery that the uni ...
... their velocities. He found that the further away a galaxy was, the faster it was moving away from us. The whole universe was expanding! This was astonishing. Isaac Newton had a static universe. Even Einstein, genius of curved spacetime, thought the universe must be static. The discovery that the uni ...
Inflation and the Cosmic Microwave Background
... The exponential expansion of in ation produces an event horizon at a constant proper distance which is equivalent to a shrinking comoving horizon. A shrinking comoving horizon is the key to the in ationary solutions of the structure, horizon and atness problems. So let's look at these concepts care ...
... The exponential expansion of in ation produces an event horizon at a constant proper distance which is equivalent to a shrinking comoving horizon. A shrinking comoving horizon is the key to the in ationary solutions of the structure, horizon and atness problems. So let's look at these concepts care ...
Galaxies - science1d
... will see different stars at night •If our solar system was a single bean, the Milky Way would be a bit larger than the area of Lake Superior ...
... will see different stars at night •If our solar system was a single bean, the Milky Way would be a bit larger than the area of Lake Superior ...
the book - The Well Balanced Universe
... point we see galaxies in every direction, as far as we can see, and this visible light is part of an energy transfer from those systems to our system. However, these photons of light are not telling us about the energy changes happening in those systems now. The information the photons carry concern ...
... point we see galaxies in every direction, as far as we can see, and this visible light is part of an energy transfer from those systems to our system. However, these photons of light are not telling us about the energy changes happening in those systems now. The information the photons carry concern ...
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.