The gene schmalspur functions in mesoderm formation in zebrafish
... Nodal-related proteins are required for the formation of the gastrula organizer, mesoderm induction and specification of the left-right axis (Feldman et al., 1998; Gritsman et al., 2000; Schrier and Shen, 2000). In zebrafish, two nodal-related genes have been identified: squint (sqt) and cyclops (cy ...
... Nodal-related proteins are required for the formation of the gastrula organizer, mesoderm induction and specification of the left-right axis (Feldman et al., 1998; Gritsman et al., 2000; Schrier and Shen, 2000). In zebrafish, two nodal-related genes have been identified: squint (sqt) and cyclops (cy ...
Comparison of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms on Test
... Pareto fronts, multimodality, deception, and biased search spaces. Hence, we are able to systematically compare the approaches based on di erent kinds of diculty and to determine more exactly where certain techniques are advantageous or have trouble. In this context, we also examine further factors ...
... Pareto fronts, multimodality, deception, and biased search spaces. Hence, we are able to systematically compare the approaches based on di erent kinds of diculty and to determine more exactly where certain techniques are advantageous or have trouble. In this context, we also examine further factors ...
How to gain the benefits of sexual reproduction without paying the cost
... progeny (Fig. 1). This was revealed by a trick employed by the experimenters – although the males were wild type, the hermaphrodites used for mating were homozygous for a recessive mutation that produces short and fat worms, appropriately referred to as ‘chubby’. Thus, hermaphrodite progeny resultin ...
... progeny (Fig. 1). This was revealed by a trick employed by the experimenters – although the males were wild type, the hermaphrodites used for mating were homozygous for a recessive mutation that produces short and fat worms, appropriately referred to as ‘chubby’. Thus, hermaphrodite progeny resultin ...
Protein A gene expression is regulated by DNA supercoiling which
... in the regulation of several virulence factors, mainly protein A, and some secreted proteins (a-toxin, b-haemolysin, coagulase, lipase). The arl locus probably exerts its effects on virulence factors mostly via the agr and/or sarA regulatory pathway (Fournier et al., 2001). Bacterial DNA is maintain ...
... in the regulation of several virulence factors, mainly protein A, and some secreted proteins (a-toxin, b-haemolysin, coagulase, lipase). The arl locus probably exerts its effects on virulence factors mostly via the agr and/or sarA regulatory pathway (Fournier et al., 2001). Bacterial DNA is maintain ...
Nelson Mack
... Convergent evolution is the process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment. Divergent Evolution Divergent evolution is the process of two or more related species becoming more and more dissimilar. Adaptive Radiation Adaptive radiation is an evolu ...
... Convergent evolution is the process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment. Divergent Evolution Divergent evolution is the process of two or more related species becoming more and more dissimilar. Adaptive Radiation Adaptive radiation is an evolu ...
fourth quarter atlas analysis
... • However, peak area should be larger pieces in a small segment of the peak area More than 70%. That is the same different loci alleles The peak area of difference should be within 30%. • If the two alleles of peak height difference is more than 70%, you will need to consider may ...
... • However, peak area should be larger pieces in a small segment of the peak area More than 70%. That is the same different loci alleles The peak area of difference should be within 30%. • If the two alleles of peak height difference is more than 70%, you will need to consider may ...
Genetic Variation of Multilocus Traits
... Are the distribution of alleles at one locus independent of those at other loci? What impact does environmental variability have on gene expression? ...
... Are the distribution of alleles at one locus independent of those at other loci? What impact does environmental variability have on gene expression? ...
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
... Communicated by Mary-Dell Chilton, Ciba-Geigy, Research TrianglePark NC, April 10, 1995 (received for review January 15, 1995) ...
... Communicated by Mary-Dell Chilton, Ciba-Geigy, Research TrianglePark NC, April 10, 1995 (received for review January 15, 1995) ...
Repeated Sequences in CASPASE-5 and FANCD2 but not NF1 Are
... DNA replication errors. As expected, MMR deficiency is associated with an increased mutation rate and with cancer (for review, see ref. 1). A significant fraction of certain tumors— notably, but not exclusively, those of endometrial, colorectal, and other gastrointestinal sites—are MMR defective. In ...
... DNA replication errors. As expected, MMR deficiency is associated with an increased mutation rate and with cancer (for review, see ref. 1). A significant fraction of certain tumors— notably, but not exclusively, those of endometrial, colorectal, and other gastrointestinal sites—are MMR defective. In ...
How Complexity Originates: The Evolution of Animal Eyes
... How do complex (multipart and functionally integrated) biological traits such as eyes, feathers and flight, metabolic pathways, or flowers originate during evolution? These biological features often appear so functionally integrated and so complicated that imagining the evolutionary paths to such co ...
... How do complex (multipart and functionally integrated) biological traits such as eyes, feathers and flight, metabolic pathways, or flowers originate during evolution? These biological features often appear so functionally integrated and so complicated that imagining the evolutionary paths to such co ...
"Frontmatter". In: Plant Genomics and Proteomics
... comparable processes of pattern formation and the underlying genes appear to be similar, the actual mechanisms of getting to the end points of development are different. Once again, this reinforces the need to look specifically at the plant processes in order to understand how plants function. One o ...
... comparable processes of pattern formation and the underlying genes appear to be similar, the actual mechanisms of getting to the end points of development are different. Once again, this reinforces the need to look specifically at the plant processes in order to understand how plants function. One o ...
A comparison of biological and cultural evolution
... of indirect reciprocity. However, it was Trivers’s article that provided the basis for further accounts of indirect reciprocity and evolution of such complex phenomena as moral systems and ethics, for instance, later discussed by Alexander (1987). Inclusive fitness has been widely accepted as a gener ...
... of indirect reciprocity. However, it was Trivers’s article that provided the basis for further accounts of indirect reciprocity and evolution of such complex phenomena as moral systems and ethics, for instance, later discussed by Alexander (1987). Inclusive fitness has been widely accepted as a gener ...
A Bayesian analysis of the chromosome architecture of
... nodes correspond to disorders and two disorders are connected if there is at least one disease gene that is co-associated with both disorders. Formally, both networks can be easily constructed from the DISEASOME. In the meanwhile there are various applications of the DISEASOME that studied in detail ...
... nodes correspond to disorders and two disorders are connected if there is at least one disease gene that is co-associated with both disorders. Formally, both networks can be easily constructed from the DISEASOME. In the meanwhile there are various applications of the DISEASOME that studied in detail ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... compound that target the Vb gene product on the host cells. Vb gene encodes a victorin receptor (100kD membrane protein), which is a subunit of the glycine decarboxylase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of two glycine molecules into one serine molecule. This enzyme is essential for photoresp ...
... compound that target the Vb gene product on the host cells. Vb gene encodes a victorin receptor (100kD membrane protein), which is a subunit of the glycine decarboxylase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of two glycine molecules into one serine molecule. This enzyme is essential for photoresp ...
Herrin
... Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis Definition of LCA Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is a rare, hereditary disorder that leads to retinal dysfunction and visual impairment at an early age – often from birth. Of all the retinal degenerations, LCA has the earliest age of onset and can be the most severe. ...
... Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis Definition of LCA Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is a rare, hereditary disorder that leads to retinal dysfunction and visual impairment at an early age – often from birth. Of all the retinal degenerations, LCA has the earliest age of onset and can be the most severe. ...
Chapter 8
... that are partially double-helical. The pri-miRNA is processed to a shorter ~ 70 nt pre-miRNA that is then transported to the cytoplasm. The pre-miRNA, which folds into a hairpin structure, is bound by a protein complex containing the enzyme known as Dicer. Dicer cleaves the molecule producing a 21-2 ...
... that are partially double-helical. The pri-miRNA is processed to a shorter ~ 70 nt pre-miRNA that is then transported to the cytoplasm. The pre-miRNA, which folds into a hairpin structure, is bound by a protein complex containing the enzyme known as Dicer. Dicer cleaves the molecule producing a 21-2 ...
PDF - Journal of Genomics
... biotypes of the soybean aphid have been identified in Midwest growing regions; biotypes are based on the ability to overcome host-plant resistance provided by one or more of these Rag genes. Biotype 2 can override the Rag1 gene (27), while biotype 3 can deride Rag2 resistance (28). Biotype 4 is capa ...
... biotypes of the soybean aphid have been identified in Midwest growing regions; biotypes are based on the ability to overcome host-plant resistance provided by one or more of these Rag genes. Biotype 2 can override the Rag1 gene (27), while biotype 3 can deride Rag2 resistance (28). Biotype 4 is capa ...
thurs_morning2010
... Suggesting at a theoretical level that there are Nvar sets of genes influencing the traits More realistic to think of the genetic influence on a factor as the sum of many small effects that act in similar fashions than a large single gene effect ...
... Suggesting at a theoretical level that there are Nvar sets of genes influencing the traits More realistic to think of the genetic influence on a factor as the sum of many small effects that act in similar fashions than a large single gene effect ...
Transcription
... Transcription and genome integrity affect each other, e.g. DNA lesions inhibit progress of the polymerase -> repair TFIIH participates in both ...
... Transcription and genome integrity affect each other, e.g. DNA lesions inhibit progress of the polymerase -> repair TFIIH participates in both ...
Chapter. 13(Meiosis & Sexual Life Cycles)
... sets, producing cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. • Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes sets from two (diploid) to one (haploid), producing cells with variety genetically different from each other and from the parent cell. • The mechanism for separating sister chromatids ...
... sets, producing cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. • Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes sets from two (diploid) to one (haploid), producing cells with variety genetically different from each other and from the parent cell. • The mechanism for separating sister chromatids ...
Pedigree Problems:
... A line drawn down from the marriage line indicates offspring. Sometimes, you will see some shapes filled in only half way this notation indicates a hybrid (heterozygous) or carrier of the trait. Each level of the pedigree represents a generation. Analyzing Simple Pedigrees: A pedigree is just like a ...
... A line drawn down from the marriage line indicates offspring. Sometimes, you will see some shapes filled in only half way this notation indicates a hybrid (heterozygous) or carrier of the trait. Each level of the pedigree represents a generation. Analyzing Simple Pedigrees: A pedigree is just like a ...
Altruism as a Tool for optimization: Literature Review
... models belonging to the class of evolutionary. These algorithms encode a potential solution to a specific problem on a simple chromosome like data ...
... models belonging to the class of evolutionary. These algorithms encode a potential solution to a specific problem on a simple chromosome like data ...
pdf
... regions to consider, with 51 unique flanking genes. There are 6 super-regions with at least 99 bp overlapping with ultra-conserved elements. At least one of the flanking genes for each of these 6 super-regions is a transcription factor located 1–314 kb away (IRX3, IRX5, IRX6, HOXD13, DMRT1, DMRT3, F ...
... regions to consider, with 51 unique flanking genes. There are 6 super-regions with at least 99 bp overlapping with ultra-conserved elements. At least one of the flanking genes for each of these 6 super-regions is a transcription factor located 1–314 kb away (IRX3, IRX5, IRX6, HOXD13, DMRT1, DMRT3, F ...
Structural and molecular differentiation of sex
... Once the crossing-over is suppressed, the number of mutant alleles will increase, since they only can be removed by a highly improbable reverse mutation (Charlesworth 1991). The second mechanism shaping the Y and W chromosome is hitchhiking by favourable mutations. It is a common event depending on ...
... Once the crossing-over is suppressed, the number of mutant alleles will increase, since they only can be removed by a highly improbable reverse mutation (Charlesworth 1991). The second mechanism shaping the Y and W chromosome is hitchhiking by favourable mutations. It is a common event depending on ...
The Effects of Zygotic Lethal Mutations on Female Germ
... Many genetic loci that result in lethality when mutated may also have an essential role in oogenesis. The maternal effects of EMS-induced zygotic lethal mutations at 48 loci were examined using the dominant female-sterile technique. Three categories of effects were found. In the first group (13 out ...
... Many genetic loci that result in lethality when mutated may also have an essential role in oogenesis. The maternal effects of EMS-induced zygotic lethal mutations at 48 loci were examined using the dominant female-sterile technique. Three categories of effects were found. In the first group (13 out ...