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bacterial plasmids - Acta Medica Medianae
bacterial plasmids - Acta Medica Medianae

... with potential recipient cell and his retraction leads to close connection between cell membranes of a donor and a recipient. It is supposed that a small canal, formed in this way, allows DNA transfer, or through the pilus itself, which is wide enough to enable passing of single chain DNA, or we hav ...
Determining the Relationship between Phlyctimantis and Kassina
Determining the Relationship between Phlyctimantis and Kassina

... breeding seasons. The female follows the voice until hopefully she finds her mate. Because of this, mating calls are species-specific. Frogs, therefore, want to have the most dissimilar call as possible to avoid any competition – especially in the tropics where tons of frogs are calling at once. It ...
Full Text  - Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Full Text - Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

... rapid detection of NDM-1 producers in less than 2 hours; also it can be used to detect KPC, OXA, VIM and IMP-type (23). The other technique; Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was used to detect NDM-1 producers in 2011 (24). To screen carbapenemases such as NDM and KPC enzymes, the rapid ...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) 分析與應用
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) 分析與應用

... between two individuals at many points throughout the genome – genome variation. • Most commonly, sequence variation occurs at discrete, single‐nucleotide positions referred to as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are estimated to occur at a frequency of approximately one per 1000 nucleo ...
Step-by-Step Evolution of Vertebrate Blood Coagulation
Step-by-Step Evolution of Vertebrate Blood Coagulation

... are monophyletic, current opinion favors separate divergences, with hagfish being the more primitive (Janvier 1996). Genomic data for hagfish are sparse, however, and for the moment, our study of clotting factors in this group is mostly limited to the lamprey. Even so, the system in these creatures ...
Document
Document

... **1. The Law of Segregation** • Mendel reasoned that only the purple flower factor was affecting flower color in the F1 hybrids • Mendel called the purple flower color a dominant trait and the white flower color a recessive trait • Mendel observed the same pattern of inheritance in six other pea pl ...
Bowel Cancer and Inherited Predisposition
Bowel Cancer and Inherited Predisposition

... cell may cause the process of cell division to be less well controlled and cells may grow and divide abnormally. A variation that makes the gene faulty is called a mutation or a pathogenic variant. Mutations have to occur in a number of different ‘cancer protection’ genes in a cell, building up over ...
Bacteria-based communication in nanonetworks
Bacteria-based communication in nanonetworks

... bits, since there are 4 possible options for the base of one of the nucleotides of the pair, and the other base is determined by the first. This DNA forms a plasmid, i.e., a circular DNA strand capable of self-replication and self-transfer, via bacterial conjugation, to new bacteria. The plasmid can ...
Section D - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure
Section D - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure

... suspected coding regions starting with ATG and end with TGA,TAA or TAG identified by computer. • When the ORF is known to encode a certain protein, it is usually referred as a coding region. ...
File
File

... §  In epistasis, a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus §  For example, in Labrador retrievers and many other mammals, coat color depends on two genes §  One gene determines the pigment color (with alleles B for black and b for brown) §  The other gene (with ...
Ears of corn representing F2 generations (or test
Ears of corn representing F2 generations (or test

... Zea mays, commonly called corn in the United States, is one of the world’s most important food crops. Because of its economic importance, the genetics of corn has been studied extensively. The corn ear, also known as a cob, is covered with kernels. Each kernel represents a different fertilization (f ...
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES

... - 1 pair of sex chromosomes: XY in men and XX women. The maternally and paternally derived chromosomes present in a diploid cell that contain equivalent genetic information, are similar in morphology, and pair during meiosis are called homologous chromosomes. The mature sexual sells – the gametes – ...
Genetic and Biochemical Studies on the
Genetic and Biochemical Studies on the

... -Lactam antibiotics are distinct in that a -Lactam antibiotic, penicillin, was the first antibiotic discovered and -Lactam antibiotics have been widely used for over 60 years since penicillin's rediscovery. However, as a natural consequence of selection under the pressure of antibiotics, resistan ...
- Holy Trinity Diocesan High School
- Holy Trinity Diocesan High School

...  In epistasis, a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus  For example, in Labrador retrievers and many other mammals, coat color depends on two genes  One gene determines the pigment color (with alleles B for black and b for brown)  The other gene (with all ...
slides
slides

... Unigene contains several chimeric clusters The annotation of chimeric clusters is erratic ...
Genes Critical for Muscle Development and Function in
Genes Critical for Muscle Development and Function in

... fail to move, we have identified 13 genes required for muscle assembly and function and discovered a new lethal class of alleles for three previously known muscle-affecting genes. By staining mutant embryos for myosin and actin we have recognized five distinct classes of genes: mutations in four gen ...
Back - MacWilliams AP Biology
Back - MacWilliams AP Biology

... Choose a Question Directional back ...
Efficiency of gene silencing in Arabidopsis
Efficiency of gene silencing in Arabidopsis

... Figure 1 Schematic representation of vectors constructed for RNAi silencing using homologous (pCAPD) and heterologous (pCAPT) inverted repeat constructs. R1 and R2, attR recombination sites flanking a ccdB gene and a chloramphenicol-resistance gene (CmR.) of GATEWAY vector conversion cassette, readi ...
Evolution of biological complexity
Evolution of biological complexity

... transition replicates faster than its competitors thus driving them into extinction. Salifu ALHASSAN Evolution of biological complexity ...
Bcmb625-XistPaper-26apr07clp
Bcmb625-XistPaper-26apr07clp

... Role of spatial organization in determining txn state - Xist induced relocalization - gene position relative to Xist RNA domain ...
A Comparative Gene Map of the Horse (Equus caballus)
A Comparative Gene Map of the Horse (Equus caballus)

... genetic maps for humans and mice (Hudson et al. 1995; Stewart et al. 1997; Rhodes et al. 1998) has led to a recent boom in the construction of genome maps for a number of domesticated mammalian species of economic importance (Bishop et al. 1994; Archibald et al. 1995; O’Brien et al. 1997a; de Gortar ...
Nonrandom cell-cycle timing of a somatic chromosomal
Nonrandom cell-cycle timing of a somatic chromosomal

... near-diploid karyotypes characterized by an unbalanced der(17)t(X;17)(p11.2;q25), resulting in nonreciprocal fusion of TFE3 with ASPSCR1 (a.k.a. ASPL), with consequent net gain of Xp11.2?pter and loss of 17q25?qter. The presence of a normal X along with the der(17)t(X;17) in ASPSs that occur in men ...
SNP-Based Mapping of Crossover Recombination in
SNP-Based Mapping of Crossover Recombination in

... of morphological phenotypes in C. elegans) . As a result, each experiment typically measures crossover frequency within a sin­ gle interval, which prevents detection of chromosomes with mul­ tiple crossovers and complicates determination of crossover dis­ tribution along chromosomes. In addition, so ...
Physical location of 18S-28S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes
Physical location of 18S-28S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes

... chestnut cultivars is being carried out to confirm the second 5S rDNA locus and to evaluate size of the satellited region and other possible variations in the major 18S-28S rDNA locus. Based on the above results, we conclude that these two species are structurally different from each other with resp ...
File
File

... • Neolithic. Dispersal of hominins covers the period up to 10 000 years ago. Candidates should be able to demonstrate understanding of the ecological/evolutionary changes that could drive such dispersal. Scientific evidence relating to human evolution may include skeletal remains, nuclear and mitoch ...
< 1 ... 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 ... 1937 >

Microevolution

Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occur over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow, and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed 'macroevolution' which is where greater differences in the population occur.Population genetics is the branch of biology that provides the mathematical structure for the study of the process of microevolution. Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild. Typically, observable instances of evolution are examples of microevolution; for example, bacterial strains that have antibiotic resistance.Microevolution over time leads to speciation or the appearance of novel structure, sometimes classified as macroevolution. Macro and microevolution describe fundamentally identical processes on different scales.
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