Optical losses
... follow a distribution law throughout the fiber. However, they can be minimized by having low thermodynamic density fluctuations. A small part of the scattered light may scatter backward, propagating in the opposite direction. This backscattering has important characteristics and may be used for meas ...
... follow a distribution law throughout the fiber. However, they can be minimized by having low thermodynamic density fluctuations. A small part of the scattered light may scatter backward, propagating in the opposite direction. This backscattering has important characteristics and may be used for meas ...
Evaporation–glow discharge hybrid source for plasma immersion
... illustrated in Fig. 1. In addition to the evaporation –glow discharge plasma source, the PIII equipment has some other plasma producing systems—the pulse arc plasma ion source, the RF plasma source, and the hot filament system, which are not shown here. The evaporation – glow discharge hybrid plasma ...
... illustrated in Fig. 1. In addition to the evaporation –glow discharge plasma source, the PIII equipment has some other plasma producing systems—the pulse arc plasma ion source, the RF plasma source, and the hot filament system, which are not shown here. The evaporation – glow discharge hybrid plasma ...
Measurement of the dispersion of air and of refractive index
... We discuss here a compact, robust and simple method for measuring the spectral dependence of the refractive index based on wavelength-dependent second harmonic interferometry. The detection of anomalous dispersion due to the propagation of light through the molecular films near an absorption resonan ...
... We discuss here a compact, robust and simple method for measuring the spectral dependence of the refractive index based on wavelength-dependent second harmonic interferometry. The detection of anomalous dispersion due to the propagation of light through the molecular films near an absorption resonan ...
The O 1s and V 2p X-ray Absorption Spectra of Vanadium Oxides
... 1s XAS spectrum of VOZ in the metallic phase is properly reproduced by an O p partia1 density of unoccupied states calculated with the localized-spherical-wave method. The O 1 s XAS spectra of VOZ taken at 300 K (semiconducting phase) and 390 K (metallic phase) s!iow clearly the splitting of the V 3 ...
... 1s XAS spectrum of VOZ in the metallic phase is properly reproduced by an O p partia1 density of unoccupied states calculated with the localized-spherical-wave method. The O 1 s XAS spectra of VOZ taken at 300 K (semiconducting phase) and 390 K (metallic phase) s!iow clearly the splitting of the V 3 ...
Chemical sensors based on quantum cascade lasers
... structure mode, due to their different temperature dependence [22]. Another limitation for current-tuning of a CW laser is that at a certain current level higher order transverse modes can reach a lasing threshold, and also the maximum current for a particular laser chip must not be exceeded. In pra ...
... structure mode, due to their different temperature dependence [22]. Another limitation for current-tuning of a CW laser is that at a certain current level higher order transverse modes can reach a lasing threshold, and also the maximum current for a particular laser chip must not be exceeded. In pra ...
The Microenvironment Effect on the Generation of Reactive Oxygen
... the effect of aqueous/micellar vs organic solutions upon ROS generation by Pd-Bpheid is important both for understanding the mechanism of its in vivo activity as well as for designing endothelial homing derivatives of this compound. In studying the environmental effect on ROS generation by Pd-Bpheid ...
... the effect of aqueous/micellar vs organic solutions upon ROS generation by Pd-Bpheid is important both for understanding the mechanism of its in vivo activity as well as for designing endothelial homing derivatives of this compound. In studying the environmental effect on ROS generation by Pd-Bpheid ...
Electrochromic Shift of Chlorophyll Absorption in Photosystem I from
... Electrostatic forces play a crucial role in the conformation and function of biomolecules, especially in the protein complexes that carry out charge transfer functions. Due to the presence of a mixture of neutral, polar, and charged chains in proteins, the charge transfer processes involve complex r ...
... Electrostatic forces play a crucial role in the conformation and function of biomolecules, especially in the protein complexes that carry out charge transfer functions. Due to the presence of a mixture of neutral, polar, and charged chains in proteins, the charge transfer processes involve complex r ...
Directional Reflection measurements on
... (in Fig. 6 shown in the P position, as indicated by the “P” on top), passes 3 mirrors before it is transmitted by a broadband polkadot beamsplitter (BS) and directed to the mirror on the rotation stage. This mirror then redirects the beam back towards the beamsplitter where it is reflected 90° towar ...
... (in Fig. 6 shown in the P position, as indicated by the “P” on top), passes 3 mirrors before it is transmitted by a broadband polkadot beamsplitter (BS) and directed to the mirror on the rotation stage. This mirror then redirects the beam back towards the beamsplitter where it is reflected 90° towar ...
Multi-Colour and Tunable-Colour Pyroelectric Detectors
... As the beam splitter detector compared to other multi-channel detectors has only one aperture stop, it is possible to use a gas cell with a smaller diameter reducing the gas volume. A smaller gas volume reduces the size of the sensor module and accelerates the gas-exchange. In addition to four-chann ...
... As the beam splitter detector compared to other multi-channel detectors has only one aperture stop, it is possible to use a gas cell with a smaller diameter reducing the gas volume. A smaller gas volume reduces the size of the sensor module and accelerates the gas-exchange. In addition to four-chann ...
PDF file. - UCL Medical Physics and Biomedical
... This section describes the model-based inversion scheme for recovering the absolute concentrations of specific chromophores from a set of measured multiwavelength photoacoustic images. This requires that a mathematical forward model is formulated to describe the physical processes involved in the ge ...
... This section describes the model-based inversion scheme for recovering the absolute concentrations of specific chromophores from a set of measured multiwavelength photoacoustic images. This requires that a mathematical forward model is formulated to describe the physical processes involved in the ge ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... communications. Quantum logic operations can be performed using the quantum Zeno effect produced by strong two-photon absorption [1, 2], while the resolution of images can be enhanced using two-photon absorption in conjunction with quantum imaging techniques [3]. Two-photon absorption can also be us ...
... communications. Quantum logic operations can be performed using the quantum Zeno effect produced by strong two-photon absorption [1, 2], while the resolution of images can be enhanced using two-photon absorption in conjunction with quantum imaging techniques [3]. Two-photon absorption can also be us ...
Electromagnetic waves in free space
... that the phase difference y x 0, or . (We need only consider values of this phase difference in the range to , since a value outside this range can be expressed as a value within it by adding or subtracting some integral multiple of 2.) Although in principle the direction of the polarisa ...
... that the phase difference y x 0, or . (We need only consider values of this phase difference in the range to , since a value outside this range can be expressed as a value within it by adding or subtracting some integral multiple of 2.) Although in principle the direction of the polarisa ...
Structural and Functional Characterization of Luminescent Silver
... purity and were used as received. All aqueous solutions were prepared using double distilled water from a Millipore system and then degassed by bubbling with dry argon gas for 1 h to well control the growth of NCs as pointed out by Wilcoxon et al.18 Since sodium borohydride, catalyzed by metallic io ...
... purity and were used as received. All aqueous solutions were prepared using double distilled water from a Millipore system and then degassed by bubbling with dry argon gas for 1 h to well control the growth of NCs as pointed out by Wilcoxon et al.18 Since sodium borohydride, catalyzed by metallic io ...
Introduction
... area close to the red part (i.e. an area apparently devoid of sunlight) had the highest heating ability of all. Herschel concluded that there must be a different kind of light beyond the red portion of the spectrum, which is not visible to the human eye. This kind of light became known as “infrared” ...
... area close to the red part (i.e. an area apparently devoid of sunlight) had the highest heating ability of all. Herschel concluded that there must be a different kind of light beyond the red portion of the spectrum, which is not visible to the human eye. This kind of light became known as “infrared” ...
Experimental Technique - Metal Powder Industries Federation
... 0.0002 - 0.002 in), highly spherical, metal powders are required. In principle CCGA is straightforward, high pressure gas jets impinging upon a molten metal stream are used to disrupt the stream, breaking it up into a spray of fine droplets. The gas may be delivered either from a single, annular ori ...
... 0.0002 - 0.002 in), highly spherical, metal powders are required. In principle CCGA is straightforward, high pressure gas jets impinging upon a molten metal stream are used to disrupt the stream, breaking it up into a spray of fine droplets. The gas may be delivered either from a single, annular ori ...
The Optical and Physical Advisor: Peter Collings
... proceeds in accordance with these general principles. A mechanism for azoxybenzne cis-trans conversions has been difficult to study experimentally and so has largely remained a matter for speculation. In a recently published paper Basch and Hoz (1997) propose a mechanism for this process by way of m ...
... proceeds in accordance with these general principles. A mechanism for azoxybenzne cis-trans conversions has been difficult to study experimentally and so has largely remained a matter for speculation. In a recently published paper Basch and Hoz (1997) propose a mechanism for this process by way of m ...
Modeling Nongray Gas-Phase and Soot Radiation in Luminous
... the construction of mixture full-spectrum k-distributions from a narrow-band k-distribution database created for individual gas species [24]. This development makes it possible to account for nongray soot radiative properties. Soot radiation constitutes an important part of the total flame radiation ...
... the construction of mixture full-spectrum k-distributions from a narrow-band k-distribution database created for individual gas species [24]. This development makes it possible to account for nongray soot radiative properties. Soot radiation constitutes an important part of the total flame radiation ...
A new approach for retrieving the UV–vis optical properties of
... aerosol population, including its αsca , αabs , and αext , its SSA, and, together with size distribution measurements, its effective wavelength-dependent complex RI. The new retrieval approach utilizes a combination of several different instruments: CES, PAS, and nephelometer. We validate the method ...
... aerosol population, including its αsca , αabs , and αext , its SSA, and, together with size distribution measurements, its effective wavelength-dependent complex RI. The new retrieval approach utilizes a combination of several different instruments: CES, PAS, and nephelometer. We validate the method ...
An optical leaky wave antenna with Si perturbations inside a
... some applications, e.g., planar imaging [3], there is the need of very directive near-IR optical antennas with controlled radiation power density and beam steering. We have recently introduced in [4] a CMOS compatible optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) that provides directive radiation at 1550 nm, th ...
... some applications, e.g., planar imaging [3], there is the need of very directive near-IR optical antennas with controlled radiation power density and beam steering. We have recently introduced in [4] a CMOS compatible optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) that provides directive radiation at 1550 nm, th ...
h and j aggregates - DST Unit of Nanoscience
... Fluorescence microscopy is the technique which has been widely used to study the dynamic processes and since J aggregates have high florescence quantum yield and hence there structure can be studied using Fluorescence microscopy. But this is not the case with H aggrega ...
... Fluorescence microscopy is the technique which has been widely used to study the dynamic processes and since J aggregates have high florescence quantum yield and hence there structure can be studied using Fluorescence microscopy. But this is not the case with H aggrega ...
Jahn−Teller Distortion in the Phosphorescent Excited State of Three
... Luminescent transition metal complexes have been receiving increasing attention due to their role in a variety of optoelectronic applications. For example, molecular light-emitting devices (LEDs) have been increasingly reported1 to exhibit superior efficiencies when phosphorescence is enhanced by th ...
... Luminescent transition metal complexes have been receiving increasing attention due to their role in a variety of optoelectronic applications. For example, molecular light-emitting devices (LEDs) have been increasingly reported1 to exhibit superior efficiencies when phosphorescence is enhanced by th ...
Photo-induced metal–ligand bond weakening, potential
... subscript is dropped. The actual order in any particular complex must either be determined experimentally (for example by using single crystal-polarized spectra) or by fitting a spectrum calculated from theory to that observed. Both methods have been applied to chromium(III) complexes, and the actua ...
... subscript is dropped. The actual order in any particular complex must either be determined experimentally (for example by using single crystal-polarized spectra) or by fitting a spectrum calculated from theory to that observed. Both methods have been applied to chromium(III) complexes, and the actua ...
Chromatic acclimation and population dynamics of green sulfur
... Bacterial cultures were grown for 46 to 140 hours, depending on the light source, at what is considered the optimal growth temperature (22), T 47 3 ºC. To illuminate cultures we used seven different light sources: 700, 750, 780, 800, 850, and 940 nm LEDs and also 850 nm LED with a band-pass filt ...
... Bacterial cultures were grown for 46 to 140 hours, depending on the light source, at what is considered the optimal growth temperature (22), T 47 3 ºC. To illuminate cultures we used seven different light sources: 700, 750, 780, 800, 850, and 940 nm LEDs and also 850 nm LED with a band-pass filt ...
Microstructure and humidity sensitive properties of MgFe2O4 ferrite
... ferrite (Sample 2) is the most sensitive material to humidity change. The surface area of this element is the highest, of 23.8 m2/g. Its electrical resistivity decreases by about three orders of magnitude, from 109 Ω·cm to 106 Ω·cm when the relative humidity increases from 11% to 85%. In addition, t ...
... ferrite (Sample 2) is the most sensitive material to humidity change. The surface area of this element is the highest, of 23.8 m2/g. Its electrical resistivity decreases by about three orders of magnitude, from 109 Ω·cm to 106 Ω·cm when the relative humidity increases from 11% to 85%. In addition, t ...
Integrated X-ray L Absorption Spectra. Counting Holes in Ni
... slits, corresponding to 0.8 eV energy resolution at 853 eV). The total electron yield from model complexes (IE) was measured using a Galileo 4716 channeltron electron multiplier; the incident beam intensity (I0) was measured as the photocurrent through a gold-plated grid to obtain the raw spectra (I ...
... slits, corresponding to 0.8 eV energy resolution at 853 eV). The total electron yield from model complexes (IE) was measured using a Galileo 4716 channeltron electron multiplier; the incident beam intensity (I0) was measured as the photocurrent through a gold-plated grid to obtain the raw spectra (I ...
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements using the absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the gaseous state.In analytical chemistry the technique is used for determining the concentration of a particular element (the analyte) in a sample to be analyzed. AAS can be used to determine over 70 different elements in solution or directly in solid samples used in pharmacology, biophysics and toxicology research.Atomic absorption spectroscopy was first used as an analytical technique, and the underlying principles were established in the second half of the 19th century by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, both professors at the University of Heidelberg, Germany.The modern form of AAS was largely developed during the 1950s by a team of Australian chemists. They were led by Sir Alan Walsh at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Division of Chemical Physics, in Melbourne, Australia.Atomic absorption spectrometry has many uses in different areas of chemistry such as: Clinical analysis: Analyzing metals in biological fluids and tissues such as whole blood, plasma, urine, saliva, brain tissue, liver, muscle tissue, semen Pharmaceuticals: In some pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, minute quantities of a catalyst that remain in the final drug product Water analysis: Analyzing water for its metal content.↑ ↑ ↑