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Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest of North America
Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest of North America

... • British Columbia has five million acres protected under historic land use agreements with 19 million acres under strict land use management5 • The Northwest Forest Plan covers 24.5 million acres in Oregon, Washington, and northern California that are managed by a variety of Federal agencies6 ...
Final Report DEB97-07551, DEB97-07664
Final Report DEB97-07551, DEB97-07664

... total of 12 transects per year. During 1999-2001 we were able to expand the resurvey to include annually 27 of the original 28 transects. Approximately 84000 seedlings have been observed on these transects with approximately 10000 alive in any one year. D. Permanent sample plots The Duke Forest perm ...
Mountains, biodiversity and conservation
Mountains, biodiversity and conservation

... Andes in South America, stretching from Colombia to the western part of Tierra del Fuego. Not only is this the largest mountain range in the American continent, it is also the largest in the world, extending through Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina, with foothills in ...
6 - Class Index
6 - Class Index

... The Rain Shadow effect •Orographic lift over western mountains and subsequent descent of air •Extends along eastern edge of Andean and Rocky mountains north of 30N ...
appendices
appendices

... Afforestation: Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was not classified as forest (FAO, 2010). According to the definition used by the UNFCCC, afforestation can take place on land that has not been covered by forest for at least 50 years. See al ...
Forests, Trees and Landscapes for Food Security and Nutrition
Forests, Trees and Landscapes for Food Security and Nutrition

... There is a Need to Reimagine Forests and Food Security Forests and tree-based systems can contribute to the “Zero Hunger Challenge”. To do this efficiently, however, requires a much greater understanding of the forest-food nexus, the effective management of landscapes and improved governance. The ro ...
Bengtsson, J., Nilsson, SG, Franc, A., and Menozzi, P. (2000).
Bengtsson, J., Nilsson, SG, Franc, A., and Menozzi, P. (2000).

... Andersson and Appelkvist, 1990; Nilsson and Ericson, 1997).1 Some pasture woodlands, like the New Forest in England and the Dehesha woodland in Spain, are probably more similar to the forests where most forest organisms evolved than dense ungrazed stands. Fire has also been an important disturbance ...
Seed dispersal, spatial distribution and maintenance of tropical tree
Seed dispersal, spatial distribution and maintenance of tropical tree

... Spatial patterns of seed dispersal regulated by its limitations are crucial in sustaining diversity in a tropical forest landscape. Using data from a fully mapped 2ha primary coastal hill dipterocarp forest plot in Bukit Timah, the abundances for different trees species were investigated and their d ...
Biomes - Fitz
Biomes - Fitz

... Arrowwood is different from other viburnums because its leaves have big spiky edges, but its surface is smooth. It has small white to pink flowers in flattopped clusters about 4 inches across. The plant blooms from May to June. The leaves and flowers grow on the top of long shoots. ...
Discovering Our World - Mr. Cohen's English Village
Discovering Our World - Mr. Cohen's English Village

... • Chain of rolling mountains covering the eastern townships and the Gaspé. • Area that covers parts of Newfoundland and stretches all the way to Georgia in the ...
Forest Health - IUFRO 125th Anniversary Congress 2017
Forest Health - IUFRO 125th Anniversary Congress 2017

... Hugh, Evans, Forest Research, UK ...
Restoration of tropical dry forests in Hawaii: Can
Restoration of tropical dry forests in Hawaii: Can

... A Forest of the Living Dead When we first began working within the upper Kaupulehu parcel in 1996, we found that despite the long-term fencing there had been virtually no regeneration of native canopy tree species (Cabin et al. 2000).Comparisons of this parcel’s flora at that time with past surveys ...
Restoration of tropical dry forests in Hawaii
Restoration of tropical dry forests in Hawaii

... A Forest of the Living Dead When we first began working within the upper Kaupulehu parcel in 1996, we found that despite the long-term fencing there had been virtually no regeneration of native canopy tree species (Cabin et al. 2000).Comparisons of this parcel’s flora at that time with past surveys ...
01Molles5e
01Molles5e

... Chemical elements have different atomic masses (isotopes) Proportions of isotopes vary across the environment and this is reflected in the body tissue of organisms  Recent advances in ecology take advantage of this variation  By examining body tissue, ecologists can determine food sources and habi ...
the grassland`s biome?
the grassland`s biome?

... 1. What is a biome and how are they defined? A biome is a large area of land with similar climate conditions and plant/animal species. They are usually defined by their location in relation to the equator and the amount of precipitation they receive each year. 2. Why do plants that grow in the tundr ...
Conservation of tropical forests: maintaining ecological integrity and
Conservation of tropical forests: maintaining ecological integrity and

... Whether the high diversity of tropical forest systems makes them intrinsically more or less stable remains an area of considerable debate. In theory, if multiple species can deliver a ­particular contribution to ecosystem function (i.e. have similar ‘effect traits’), and these species respond differ ...
3.3 Forest-specific diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens
3.3 Forest-specific diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens

... and lichens. Both may suffer from changes in meso- and microclimate, as induced by felling (shaded rocks) or dense coniferous thickets (open rocks). Sensitive special habitats require special protection, e.g. against depositing slash. ...
The Lessons of History - The Forest History Society
The Lessons of History - The Forest History Society

... Reforestation reached a peak in the late 1930s, when nearly two million trees were planted annually in the forest reserves. Although these efforts were well meaning, most of the trees were fast-growing species (such as eucalyptus) that were non-native. While these introduced trees and shrubs have pr ...
Effects of Forest Fire Protection on Plant Diversity in a Tropical
Effects of Forest Fire Protection on Plant Diversity in a Tropical

... Another striking feature noticed during the study was that no individuals of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus var. tuberculatus greater than 10 cm DBH were found in the PA. However, a few emerging coppicing shoots were seen. This observation agrees with a statement made by Barrington (1931) in a study of ...
03411-07.6 Physiology of a Tree
03411-07.6 Physiology of a Tree

... Trees complete with each other and with other plants in the forest. They vie for sunlight, water, nutrients, and space to grow. Trees occupy the forest canopy, the understory, and the forest floor (as seedling), with roots that can be deep or spread widely across the forest floor. The forest canopy ...
HERE - Braille Nature Trail
HERE - Braille Nature Trail

... Both these plants have the ability to completely take over a native forest, eventually becoming the only plant present. The Nature Conservancy is actively controlling all these plants so they are not able to destroy the balance of nature in this special place. Another plant alien to Marshall Forest ...
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Terrestrial Ecosystems

... The climate, plants, and animals of  the arctic tundra; as well as their  characteristics, are presented. ...
FOREST DEGRADATION IN ETHIOPIA: EXTENT AND
FOREST DEGRADATION IN ETHIOPIA: EXTENT AND

New conservation investment into the Eastern Arc Mountains and
New conservation investment into the Eastern Arc Mountains and

... the worlds land. extremely dense packing of endemics in the small area of remaining habitat of this Hotspot makes many of the The ‘Hotspots’ concept was further refined between plants and animals in this hotspot threatened with 1996 and 1998 when the USA-based conservation global extinction. The lev ...
Interactions of Northwest Forest Canopies and Arboreal Mammals  Abstract Washington 98512-9190
Interactions of Northwest Forest Canopies and Arboreal Mammals Abstract Washington 98512-9190

... squirrel has a relatively narrow niche as a cavitydwelling mycophagist, but a broad habitat, occupying a range of conifer, deciduous, and mixed-species forest communities and seral stages (Carey 1991). The flying squirrel is most abundant in old-growth Douglas-fir and mixed-conifer forests (Carey et ...
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Forest



A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely-used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.Forests at different latitudes form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles tend to consist of evergreens, while tropical forests near the equator tend to be distinct from the temperate forests at mid-latitude. The amount of precipitation and the elevation of the forest also affects forest composition.Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also impose costs, affect people's health, and interfere with tourist enjoyment. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.
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