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Levels of Ecological Organization
Levels of Ecological Organization

...                     particular place together with their nonliving, or                           physical environment ...
Guidelines for Managing Canada Warbler Habitat in the Northeast
Guidelines for Managing Canada Warbler Habitat in the Northeast

... regions. Public and private land managers, forestry professionals, and conservation planners may find them useful in accomplishing their stewardship objectives. Effective approaches to conserving Canada warblers and associated species will vary throughout the region, depending on prevailing land use ...
Current vs. Historical Conditions in Moist Mixed
Current vs. Historical Conditions in Moist Mixed

... •Determine areas of agreement and disagreement and identify furthers studies to fill knowledge gaps. Goals for my session •Determine departure from historical conditions in moist mixed-conifer forest and potential consequences of these changes ...
Lecture 6 and 7 (easy print)
Lecture 6 and 7 (easy print)

... Layers in the Tropical Rain Forest Canopy Emergents •Trees “emerge” from the forest canopy •Exposed to high light, fluctuating temperatures, higher winds •Huge trees (up to 70m) with massive, buttressed trunks •Seed dispersal often by wind •Home to many birds and animals looking for safety from pre ...
Lecture 6 and 7 (easy print)
Lecture 6 and 7 (easy print)

... Layers in the Tropical Rain Forest Canopy Emergents •Trees “emerge” from the forest canopy •Exposed to high light, fluctuating temperatures, higher winds •Huge trees (up to 70m) with massive, buttressed trunks •Seed dispersal often by wind •Home to many birds and animals looking for safety from pre ...
What are Rangelands?
What are Rangelands?

... All areas of the world that are not:  Barren Desert  Farmland  Closed-Canopy Forest  Covered by solid rock, concrete or glaciers Shrublands, grasslands, and open forest where several factors preclude farming or timber production:  Limited precipitation  Sandy, saline, or wet soils  Steep topo ...
The New Zealand Rain Forest: A Comparison with Tropical Rain
The New Zealand Rain Forest: A Comparison with Tropical Rain

... and growth forms of the New Zealand rain forest as exemplified by a forest in the far north. In Part 2, theories relating to the regeneration of the dominant trees in the New Zealand rain forest generally are reviewed briefly, and their relevance to the situation in the study forest is considered. R ...
6 LESSON Making Broader Connections NUTSHELL
6 LESSON Making Broader Connections NUTSHELL

... become divided, pieces are owned and managed by different people. Not all people want the same outcome for their piece of the forest. This affects the natural ecosystem and cycles that occur in forests. There is also concern because animal migration and habitat is affected when large forest areas ar ...
Statement of - US Senate Committee on Energy and Natural
Statement of - US Senate Committee on Energy and Natural

... The Southwest United States has an abundance of paleo-ecological records that make this one of the best places in the world to determine past patterns of climate, vegetation, and fire, using multiple lines of evidence. For example, scientists here in New Mexico have used information locked in the tr ...
Forest disturbance and pollination of a keystone species in a
Forest disturbance and pollination of a keystone species in a

... degradation and fragmentation but nothing is known on how this affects survival of Cullenia exarillata. Seed predation could restrict recruitment of the species especially when there are few fruits in the forest. The seeds of Cullenia are eaten by a variety of mammals both in the canopy and in the g ...
31 May 2004 1 Tropical Ecology and Conservation ENVS122 Final
31 May 2004 1 Tropical Ecology and Conservation ENVS122 Final

... 40. Describe or draw a generalized life cycle of a fungal disease of plants. How does each stage interact with the environment of a moist tropical forest? How would you expect disease development to differ in a dry forest? 41. Begin with a tree seed, and follow it through until the tree that grows f ...
Vertebrates are one of the most conspicuous organisms that cause
Vertebrates are one of the most conspicuous organisms that cause

... or falls of trees on the roads with higher intensity of transport. Moreover, they can cause the fall of forest regeneration in floodplain areas. Forest protection against damage by beavers is considerably complicated in some countries, because Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) is protected by legislat ...
1 In the Lower Mississippi Valley, over 300,000 acres of agricultural
1 In the Lower Mississippi Valley, over 300,000 acres of agricultural

... because abundance and productivity of grassland birds decline as woody vegetation increases within the landscape (Johnson and Temple 1990), grassland birds may not fair well on reforested sites. Specifically, abundance and productivity of early colonizing birds may be reduced on reforested sites tha ...
042-14.4.04.01.20.20/03-2012 30.09.2009 ж. №2 басылым орнына
042-14.4.04.01.20.20/03-2012 30.09.2009 ж. №2 басылым орнына

... establishment; active – activity; predator – predation; season – seasonal; moist – moisture; structure – structural; occur – occurrence; reflect – reflection; diverse – diversity; nature – natural; human – humanity; productive – productivity; climate – climatic; disturb – disturbance; pollute – poll ...
Minnesota`s Tallgrass Aspen Parkland Biome
Minnesota`s Tallgrass Aspen Parkland Biome

... What Is A Native Plant? Native plants are plant species that were growing in Minnesota's biomes when European immigrants first arrived in this state. These plant species, along with the existing mammals, birds, fish, insects, and other living things, help to make each biome unique. European settlem ...
Taiga - Eniscuola
Taiga - Eniscuola

... The strip nearest to the temperate zones, in Eurasia and in North America, is the taiga, also known as coniferous forest, of fir and larch trees. This area is characterized by a rather rigid climate in winter, when the temperatures can drop to even -30°C and cool summers, when a maximum temperature ...
Rainforest Photo Sort Information Gap
Rainforest Photo Sort Information Gap

... The trees are so tall that going up and down from the top to bottom would use huge amounts of energy. Instead many animals have adapted with ways of moving from tree to tree in the canopy without ever needing to go down to the forest floor. Gibbons have flexible shoulders, long arms and a very good ...
Biome (land)Jeopardy
Biome (land)Jeopardy

... • Extremely cold in winter, with summers warm enough to support trees and a low amount of ...
Sample HGSE 355 Syllabus
Sample HGSE 355 Syllabus

... DETAILS MAY VARY FROM YEAR TO YEAR. Contact HGHES for more details. Instructor: Credits: ...
what-are-rangelands_noteguide
what-are-rangelands_noteguide

... All areas of the world that are not:  Barren Desert  Farmland  Closed-Canopy Forest  Covered by solid rock, concrete or glaciers Shrublands, grasslands, and open forest where several factors preclude farming or timber production:  Limited precipitation  Sandy, saline, or wet soils  Steep topo ...
it`s the Upper guinea rainforest that makes a birding trip to ghana so
it`s the Upper guinea rainforest that makes a birding trip to ghana so

... remains is still being destroyed at a dev­ astating rate. In every forest we birded (except Kakum National Park, where logging ceased in 1989), felling was clearly in evidence. All these forests are in ‘protected’ reserves, but at some of them logging permits are reportedly being issued for harvesti ...
Monitoring Ecosystem Change in Carolinian Forests and Oak
Monitoring Ecosystem Change in Carolinian Forests and Oak

... Relative density, dominance, and frequency, were combined into an Importance Value Index used as a basis for tree species comparisons. Comparing IVIs enabled us to determine each species ecological influence and to assess how the importance of each species is changing over successional time. In Back ...
Lecture 6 and 7 - Class Index
Lecture 6 and 7 - Class Index

... The U of L Energy Management Sustainability Committee This event will address sustainability and its importance, the role of higher education, strategies, and implementation. ...
91 - IPB Repository
91 - IPB Repository

... between three levels of forest use (none, small and large timber extraction) and two types of cacao plantations (under natural shade trees and under a polyculture of planted shade trees). The negative effects of increasing gap fraction and thus increasing temperatures accompanied by decreasing moist ...
E Block Tundra, Temperate Grassland, Coniferous
E Block Tundra, Temperate Grassland, Coniferous

... extending from Canada to the interior to Alaska, some of north United States, and areas in Southeast Asia • Ranges between 86 and 98 North ...
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Forest



A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely-used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.Forests at different latitudes form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles tend to consist of evergreens, while tropical forests near the equator tend to be distinct from the temperate forests at mid-latitude. The amount of precipitation and the elevation of the forest also affects forest composition.Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also impose costs, affect people's health, and interfere with tourist enjoyment. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.
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