Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence
... Total internal reflection occurs when the excitation light impinges on the glass coverslipsolution interface at an angle higher than the critical angle (see Background Information). In order for the entire field of view to be in TIR, all of the incoming light needs to be above this critical angle. I ...
... Total internal reflection occurs when the excitation light impinges on the glass coverslipsolution interface at an angle higher than the critical angle (see Background Information). In order for the entire field of view to be in TIR, all of the incoming light needs to be above this critical angle. I ...
Lights, action: optical tweezers
... camera or illuminatio n sources can be problematic . It is now common to design objective lenses that produce an image at in®nity. Although requiring an additiona l `tube lens’ to produce an image such `in®nity corrected’ objectives place no restriction on the physical size on the optical system. Fo ...
... camera or illuminatio n sources can be problematic . It is now common to design objective lenses that produce an image at in®nity. Although requiring an additiona l `tube lens’ to produce an image such `in®nity corrected’ objectives place no restriction on the physical size on the optical system. Fo ...
Holographic 3-D Displays - Electro-holography within
... simultaneous movement of both eyes toward the point of interest. The optical axes of both eyes converge on this point to image the object onto the respective fovea regions. When the eyes are not properly aligned with each other, strabismus occurs that may adversely impair any 3-D perception. But mos ...
... simultaneous movement of both eyes toward the point of interest. The optical axes of both eyes converge on this point to image the object onto the respective fovea regions. When the eyes are not properly aligned with each other, strabismus occurs that may adversely impair any 3-D perception. But mos ...
optical properties of skin, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues
... The separation of radiation experiencing forward scattering from unscattered radiation; and The theory used to solve the inverse problem. ...
... The separation of radiation experiencing forward scattering from unscattered radiation; and The theory used to solve the inverse problem. ...
Plasmonic chirality of L-shaped nanostructure composed of two
... the geometric shadowing effect, which means that the evaporated material cannot be deposited on shadow areas in the vaporing direction [30,31]. The periodic nanotemplates are always used for providing periodic shadows. Self-assembled microsphere monolayer can be used as a simple template to form lar ...
... the geometric shadowing effect, which means that the evaporated material cannot be deposited on shadow areas in the vaporing direction [30,31]. The periodic nanotemplates are always used for providing periodic shadows. Self-assembled microsphere monolayer can be used as a simple template to form lar ...
Observational Astronomy
... Summary: reflectors Light (high surface/weight ratio) Large choice of materials (e.g. temperature insensitive materials) Can be made in large sizes Can be made segmented Shape can be adjusted (“flexible” mirrors) Difficult to combine several mirrors Hard to make axial systems (vigneti ...
... Summary: reflectors Light (high surface/weight ratio) Large choice of materials (e.g. temperature insensitive materials) Can be made in large sizes Can be made segmented Shape can be adjusted (“flexible” mirrors) Difficult to combine several mirrors Hard to make axial systems (vigneti ...
PDF version
... Figure 5-20: Scattering pattern from a single BG spore: (a) estimated spore dimensions, (b) numerical simulation, (c) and (d) experimental results....................................... 84 Figure 5-21: Histogram of concentrations of particles in different Dsym ranges for different particle types. .. ...
... Figure 5-20: Scattering pattern from a single BG spore: (a) estimated spore dimensions, (b) numerical simulation, (c) and (d) experimental results....................................... 84 Figure 5-21: Histogram of concentrations of particles in different Dsym ranges for different particle types. .. ...
genius PHYSICS by Pradeep Kshetrapal Newtons corpuscular
... Central maxima means the maxima formed with zero optical path difference. It may be formed anywhere on the screen. ...
... Central maxima means the maxima formed with zero optical path difference. It may be formed anywhere on the screen. ...
Selective Trapping or Rotation of Isotropic Dielectric Microparticles
... spot (1/e2 diameter of 20 μm) fully covers one single PAS (diameter of 11.325 μm) and the circularly polarized light can be safely considered as a plane wave at the sample plane. Figure 4a shows four recorded frames at t = 1, 2, 3, and 4 s extracted from the movie clip when the PAS is excited by lef ...
... spot (1/e2 diameter of 20 μm) fully covers one single PAS (diameter of 11.325 μm) and the circularly polarized light can be safely considered as a plane wave at the sample plane. Figure 4a shows four recorded frames at t = 1, 2, 3, and 4 s extracted from the movie clip when the PAS is excited by lef ...
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical
... Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) • What is Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)? • We know that light comes in many different colors. • These different colors can be combined on the same fiber. • The goal is to have signals not interfere with each other. • “Ships in the night” approach. ...
... Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) • What is Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)? • We know that light comes in many different colors. • These different colors can be combined on the same fiber. • The goal is to have signals not interfere with each other. • “Ships in the night” approach. ...
A spatial light modulator for ion trapping experiments
... the problems which are still unsolved. To achieve these incredible feats precise control over experimental parameters is necessary. Ultra stable lasers, with linewidths of less than 1Hz have become so common that implementing them is now the topic of master’s theses. But not only spectral properties ...
... the problems which are still unsolved. To achieve these incredible feats precise control over experimental parameters is necessary. Ultra stable lasers, with linewidths of less than 1Hz have become so common that implementing them is now the topic of master’s theses. But not only spectral properties ...
Realization of optical carpets in the Talbot and
... Interferometric self-imaging is also possible for spatially incoherent light if we add a second grating down stream from the first one. It now suffices that the wave is fairly monochromatic but not necessarily collimated or transversally coherent. Lau identified the arrangements which generate disti ...
... Interferometric self-imaging is also possible for spatially incoherent light if we add a second grating down stream from the first one. It now suffices that the wave is fairly monochromatic but not necessarily collimated or transversally coherent. Lau identified the arrangements which generate disti ...
Fabrication of Surface Plasmon Resonators by Nanoskiving Single
... light at the nanoscale, but these waveguides suffer from high loss (the propagation length of light in these structures is around 2.5 µm).3,4 In chemically synthesized silver nanowires, this propagation length increases to 10 µm because of their smooth surfaces.1 The low loss of these silver nanowir ...
... light at the nanoscale, but these waveguides suffer from high loss (the propagation length of light in these structures is around 2.5 µm).3,4 In chemically synthesized silver nanowires, this propagation length increases to 10 µm because of their smooth surfaces.1 The low loss of these silver nanowir ...
Atmospheric optics
Atmospheric optics deals with how the unique optical properties of the Earth's atmosphere cause a wide range of spectacular optical phenomena. The blue color of the sky is a direct result of Rayleigh scattering which redirects higher frequency (blue) sunlight back into the field of view of the observer. Because blue light is scattered more easily than red light, the sun takes on a reddish hue when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset. Additional particulate matter in the sky can scatter different colors at different angles creating colorful glowing skies at dusk and dawn. Scattering off of ice crystals and other particles in the atmosphere are responsible for halos, afterglows, coronas, rays of sunlight, and sun dogs. The variation in these kinds of phenomena is due to different particle sizes and geometries.Mirages are optical phenomena in which light rays are bent due to thermal variations in the refraction index of air, producing displaced or heavily distorted images of distant objects. Other optical phenomena associated with this include the Novaya Zemlya effect where the sun appears to rise earlier or set later than predicted with a distorted shape. A spectacular form of refraction occurs with a temperature inversion called the Fata Morgana where objects on the horizon or even beyond the horizon, such as islands, cliffs, ships or icebergs, appear elongated and elevated, like ""fairy tale castles"".Rainbows are the result of a combination of internal reflection and dispersive refraction of light in raindrops. Because rainbows are seen on the opposite side of the sky as the sun, rainbows are more prominent the closer the sun is to the horizon due to their greater distance apart.