COASTAL EROSION
... • Attrition. Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother. • Solution. Acids contained in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone. ...
... • Attrition. Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother. • Solution. Acids contained in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone. ...
Performance Task (continued)
... In 1935, Charles Richter developed a method to compare the strength of earthquakes. Seismographs could already detect and record seismic waves. Richter’s scale was a way to make sense of these measurements. A major challenge of such a scale was how to represent signals with such an enormous differen ...
... In 1935, Charles Richter developed a method to compare the strength of earthquakes. Seismographs could already detect and record seismic waves. Richter’s scale was a way to make sense of these measurements. A major challenge of such a scale was how to represent signals with such an enormous differen ...
High resolution tsunami inversion for 2010 Chile earthquake
... Abstract. We investigate the feasibility of inverting highresolution vertical seafloor displacement from tsunami waveforms. An inversion method named “SUTIM” (small unit tsunami inversion method) is developed to meet this goal. In addition to utilizing the conventional least-square inversion, this p ...
... Abstract. We investigate the feasibility of inverting highresolution vertical seafloor displacement from tsunami waveforms. An inversion method named “SUTIM” (small unit tsunami inversion method) is developed to meet this goal. In addition to utilizing the conventional least-square inversion, this p ...
Chapter 8 Earthquakes Vibrations of the Earth caused by the
... Tsunami (seismic sea wave) - Most result from vertical displacement of the ocean floor or from submarine landslides during an earthquake. May also be generated from volcanic explosions (Krakatoa). Can reach speeds up to 800 km/hr and heights up to 65 m. A seismic sea wave warning system was establis ...
... Tsunami (seismic sea wave) - Most result from vertical displacement of the ocean floor or from submarine landslides during an earthquake. May also be generated from volcanic explosions (Krakatoa). Can reach speeds up to 800 km/hr and heights up to 65 m. A seismic sea wave warning system was establis ...
Document
... Secondary or shear (S) waves The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave and can only move through solid rock. (3.6 km/sec in the crust) This wave moves rock up and down, or side-toside. ...
... Secondary or shear (S) waves The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave and can only move through solid rock. (3.6 km/sec in the crust) This wave moves rock up and down, or side-toside. ...
File
... – a vibration of the Earth produced by a rapid release of energy. Most often caused by slippage along a ...
... – a vibration of the Earth produced by a rapid release of energy. Most often caused by slippage along a ...
Earthquakes
... – Regions within 20 to 50 kilometers of the epicenter will experience about the same intensity of ground shaking – However, destruction varies considerably mainly due to the nature of the ground on which the structures are built ...
... – Regions within 20 to 50 kilometers of the epicenter will experience about the same intensity of ground shaking – However, destruction varies considerably mainly due to the nature of the ground on which the structures are built ...
First oceanographic expedition to survey the impact of
... need to be further substantiated, the fact remains that the Sumatra earthquake had caused significant changes to the earth’s tectonic processes. Some earlier studies also suggest the break-up of Indo-Australian plate as the probable cause for the Sumatra earthquake. The Andaman and Nicobar area, inc ...
... need to be further substantiated, the fact remains that the Sumatra earthquake had caused significant changes to the earth’s tectonic processes. Some earlier studies also suggest the break-up of Indo-Australian plate as the probable cause for the Sumatra earthquake. The Andaman and Nicobar area, inc ...
seismology_2011
... = shear modulus = shear stress / shear strain (restoring force to shear) k = bulk modulus = 1/compressibility (restoring force to compression) P-waves travel faster than S-waves (and both travel faster than surface waves) ...
... = shear modulus = shear stress / shear strain (restoring force to shear) k = bulk modulus = 1/compressibility (restoring force to compression) P-waves travel faster than S-waves (and both travel faster than surface waves) ...
Fault, earthquake, elastic strain, focus, interact
... tend to be the deepest earthquakes. They have been some of the most destructive earthquakes in human history. 2. A small percentage of earthquakes occur away from plate boundaries. These earthquakes can be destructive because people are often unprepared for them. Discussion Question: Not all the ene ...
... tend to be the deepest earthquakes. They have been some of the most destructive earthquakes in human history. 2. A small percentage of earthquakes occur away from plate boundaries. These earthquakes can be destructive because people are often unprepared for them. Discussion Question: Not all the ene ...
seismology_2011
... Different kinds of waves exist within solid materials Body waves – propagate throughout a solid medium Surface waves – propagate at the interface between media ...
... Different kinds of waves exist within solid materials Body waves – propagate throughout a solid medium Surface waves – propagate at the interface between media ...
Geology 305 with Terry J. Boroughs: The Dynamic Earth Homework
... 100. In addition to damage caused by vibrations, many buildings in San Francisco were destroyed during the 1906 earthquake by ____________. 101. Much of the destruction along the Japanese coast associated with the 2011 Northern Japan earthquake was due to the arrival of a(n):__________ only 15 to 30 ...
... 100. In addition to damage caused by vibrations, many buildings in San Francisco were destroyed during the 1906 earthquake by ____________. 101. Much of the destruction along the Japanese coast associated with the 2011 Northern Japan earthquake was due to the arrival of a(n):__________ only 15 to 30 ...
Seismic Wave Slinky Lab
... rock. The rock breaks, releasing large amounts of energy. This energy is carried outward in all directions by various seismic waves, some of which can reach the opposite side of the earth in about twenty minutes. The further the waves travel from the focus of the earthquake, the weaker they become. ...
... rock. The rock breaks, releasing large amounts of energy. This energy is carried outward in all directions by various seismic waves, some of which can reach the opposite side of the earth in about twenty minutes. The further the waves travel from the focus of the earthquake, the weaker they become. ...
Earthquakes Terminology of Earthquakes Elastic Rebound Theory
... – Seismic waves that travel along the surface of the Earth. Slowest moving waves collectively referred to as L or Long waves. • Love waves - transverse side-to-side wave motion in a horizontal plane parallel to Earth’s surface. • Rayleigh waves - backward rotating, circular motion similar to water m ...
... – Seismic waves that travel along the surface of the Earth. Slowest moving waves collectively referred to as L or Long waves. • Love waves - transverse side-to-side wave motion in a horizontal plane parallel to Earth’s surface. • Rayleigh waves - backward rotating, circular motion similar to water m ...
Earthquakes
... – a vibration of the Earth produced by a rapid release of energy. Most often caused by slippage along a ...
... – a vibration of the Earth produced by a rapid release of energy. Most often caused by slippage along a ...
Finding an Earthquakes Epicenter
... Earthquakes occur because of a sudden release of stored energy. This energy has built up over long periods of time as a result of tectonic forces within the earth. Most earthquakes take place along faults in the upper 25 miles of the earth's surface when one side rapidly moves relative to the other ...
... Earthquakes occur because of a sudden release of stored energy. This energy has built up over long periods of time as a result of tectonic forces within the earth. Most earthquakes take place along faults in the upper 25 miles of the earth's surface when one side rapidly moves relative to the other ...
Seismograph Lab
... Shear waves or ___-waves vibrate perpendicular to their direction of travel. These waves travel (fastest or slowest) and are the (first or second) wave to reach a seismic station. Secondary waves can only travel through solids therefore they can not travel through the _____________ of the earth beca ...
... Shear waves or ___-waves vibrate perpendicular to their direction of travel. These waves travel (fastest or slowest) and are the (first or second) wave to reach a seismic station. Secondary waves can only travel through solids therefore they can not travel through the _____________ of the earth beca ...
Focus and Epicenter
... directly above the focus. Scientists often name an earthquake after the city that is closest to its epicenter. ...
... directly above the focus. Scientists often name an earthquake after the city that is closest to its epicenter. ...
Asian quake even more powerful
... Thursday, 31 March 2005 The 26 December earthquake that unleashed the Indian Ocean killer tsunami measured 9.3 on the Richter scale, scientists say, more than twice as powerful as originally estimated and the second biggest quake ever recorded. The quake split the ocean floor northwards from Sumatra ...
... Thursday, 31 March 2005 The 26 December earthquake that unleashed the Indian Ocean killer tsunami measured 9.3 on the Richter scale, scientists say, more than twice as powerful as originally estimated and the second biggest quake ever recorded. The quake split the ocean floor northwards from Sumatra ...
Finding an Earthquakes Epicenter
... Earthquakes occur because of a sudden release of _____________. This energy has built up over long periods of time as a result of tectonic forces within the earth. Most earthquakes take place along faults in the upper 25 miles of the earth's surface when one side ________________________ relative to ...
... Earthquakes occur because of a sudden release of _____________. This energy has built up over long periods of time as a result of tectonic forces within the earth. Most earthquakes take place along faults in the upper 25 miles of the earth's surface when one side ________________________ relative to ...
Glossary - Meteorological Centre, Shimla
... Inter-plate & Intra-plate earthquakes Earthquakes directly associated with forces acting along the plate boundaries are called „inter-plate‟ earthquakes. About 80% of the seismic energy is released by inter-plate earthquakes. In contrast, earthquakes which occur at rather large distances from the r ...
... Inter-plate & Intra-plate earthquakes Earthquakes directly associated with forces acting along the plate boundaries are called „inter-plate‟ earthquakes. About 80% of the seismic energy is released by inter-plate earthquakes. In contrast, earthquakes which occur at rather large distances from the r ...
(Wed) Locating Earthquakes
... rigid crust. Sometimes these stresses are relieved by abrupt slippages, or earthquakes, that generate shock waves that propagate outward from the quake site. Earthquakes can result in loss of lives and considerable damage to buildings as well as transportation and communication systems. The actual s ...
... rigid crust. Sometimes these stresses are relieved by abrupt slippages, or earthquakes, that generate shock waves that propagate outward from the quake site. Earthquakes can result in loss of lives and considerable damage to buildings as well as transportation and communication systems. The actual s ...
lab slinky simulating motion of earthquakes
... Background: When an earthquake begins the stress on large blocks of rock becomes greater than the strength of the rock. The rock breaks, releasing large amounts of energy. This energy is carried outward in all directions by various seismic waves, some of which can reach the opposite side of the ear ...
... Background: When an earthquake begins the stress on large blocks of rock becomes greater than the strength of the rock. The rock breaks, releasing large amounts of energy. This energy is carried outward in all directions by various seismic waves, some of which can reach the opposite side of the ear ...
Answer the following: Answer the following: Draw a
... rocks on each side of a fault are moving slowly. If the fault is locked, stress in the rock increases. When a rock is stressed past a certain point, the rocks fracture, separate at their weakest point, and then spring back to their original position. ...
... rocks on each side of a fault are moving slowly. If the fault is locked, stress in the rock increases. When a rock is stressed past a certain point, the rocks fracture, separate at their weakest point, and then spring back to their original position. ...
Tsunami
A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. ""harbor wave"";English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. In being generated by the displacement of water, a tsunami contrasts both with a normal ocean wave generated by wind and with tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on bodies of water.Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide, and for this reason they are often referred to as tidal waves, although this usage is not favored by the scientific community because tsunamis are not tidal in nature. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called ""wave train"". Wave heights of tens of meters can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and they can affect entire ocean basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.The Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his late-5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War, that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of a tsunami's nature remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include trying to determine why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; trying to accurately forecast the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and also to forecast how tsunami waves would interact with specific shorelines.