Review of The Meaning of `Ought` by Matthew Chrisman Billy
... semantics as he claims that it needs non-trivial modification. His central motivation stems from the distinction between the so-called “agential” and “non-agential” readings of sentences containing ‘ought’. To use Chrisman’s example, we might truly say “Larry ought to win the lottery”, in a context ...
... semantics as he claims that it needs non-trivial modification. His central motivation stems from the distinction between the so-called “agential” and “non-agential” readings of sentences containing ‘ought’. To use Chrisman’s example, we might truly say “Larry ought to win the lottery”, in a context ...
Keep Changing Your Beliefs, Aiming for the Truth
... (2009). The basic semantic concept is that of a (finite, single-agent) ‘‘plausibility’’ frame. This is a structure S = (S, B), consisting of a finite set S of ‘‘states’’ (or possible worlds) and a total preorder S S.1 We use the notation s \ t for the corresponding strict order (i.e. s \ t iff ...
... (2009). The basic semantic concept is that of a (finite, single-agent) ‘‘plausibility’’ frame. This is a structure S = (S, B), consisting of a finite set S of ‘‘states’’ (or possible worlds) and a total preorder S S.1 We use the notation s \ t for the corresponding strict order (i.e. s \ t iff ...
Certamen 1 de Representación del Conocimiento
... Solution: A logic is non-monotonic if an answer that was obtained from a knowledge base continues to be true after adding more knowledge. In the case of FOLprogramming this is not the case as the following example shows. Consider a logic program with a single fact: P (a). The answer to the query ← P ...
... Solution: A logic is non-monotonic if an answer that was obtained from a knowledge base continues to be true after adding more knowledge. In the case of FOLprogramming this is not the case as the following example shows. Consider a logic program with a single fact: P (a). The answer to the query ← P ...
When Bi-Interpretability Implies Synonymy
... Here ‘=da ’ is not really in the language if d 6= a. In this case we read ud =da y b simply as ⊥. It’s a nice exercise to show that e.g. ACA0 and GB are sequential. Closely related to AS is adjunctive class theory ac. We define this theory as follows. The theory ac is two-sorted with sorts o (of obj ...
... Here ‘=da ’ is not really in the language if d 6= a. In this case we read ud =da y b simply as ⊥. It’s a nice exercise to show that e.g. ACA0 and GB are sequential. Closely related to AS is adjunctive class theory ac. We define this theory as follows. The theory ac is two-sorted with sorts o (of obj ...
Historical Magic in Old Quantum Theory - Philsci
... early as 1887 by Michelson and Morley. At least three serious measurements of the line known as Hα were taken—in 1891, 1895 and 1912—before Sommerfeld developed his ...
... early as 1887 by Michelson and Morley. At least three serious measurements of the line known as Hα were taken—in 1891, 1895 and 1912—before Sommerfeld developed his ...
Infinite natural numbers: an unwanted phenomenon, or a useful
... formal symbol (part of the atomic set formula “x ∈ y”), while in the right we say that “e(x), the value assigned to the variable x by the evaluation e, is an element of e(y)”. A truth relation is an object like in Fig. 2: a zero-one table where 1 stands for “yes” ([ϕ2 , e2 ] ∈ R, for example) and 0 ...
... formal symbol (part of the atomic set formula “x ∈ y”), while in the right we say that “e(x), the value assigned to the variable x by the evaluation e, is an element of e(y)”. A truth relation is an object like in Fig. 2: a zero-one table where 1 stands for “yes” ([ϕ2 , e2 ] ∈ R, for example) and 0 ...
Logic and Resolution - Institute for Computing and Information
... ‘A full-adder is a logical circuit’ ‘10 is greater than 90’ Clearly, such statement need not be true. Statements like these are called propositions and are usually denoted in propositional logic by uppercase letters. Simple propositions such as P and Q are called atomic propositions or atoms for sho ...
... ‘A full-adder is a logical circuit’ ‘10 is greater than 90’ Clearly, such statement need not be true. Statements like these are called propositions and are usually denoted in propositional logic by uppercase letters. Simple propositions such as P and Q are called atomic propositions or atoms for sho ...
INTERMEDIATE LOGIC – Glossary of key terms
... A simple proposition represented by a single letter, or the negation of the same. Logic Introduction, page 5 The science and art of correct reasoning. Logic circuit Lesson 32, page 267 A combination of logic gates, in which the outputs of some gates are joined to the input of other gates, used to pe ...
... A simple proposition represented by a single letter, or the negation of the same. Logic Introduction, page 5 The science and art of correct reasoning. Logic circuit Lesson 32, page 267 A combination of logic gates, in which the outputs of some gates are joined to the input of other gates, used to pe ...
Propositional Discourse Logic
... alone, that the discourse has malfunctioned. We are concerned here with diagnosing the disease, the main symptom of which is that the discourse contains statements that we cannot consistently evaluate as either true or false. The mere diagnosis of such cases is of independent interest and importance ...
... alone, that the discourse has malfunctioned. We are concerned here with diagnosing the disease, the main symptom of which is that the discourse contains statements that we cannot consistently evaluate as either true or false. The mere diagnosis of such cases is of independent interest and importance ...
