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CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUIDE

... 15. Eutely is a constant number of cells or nuclei per species, a property in several groups. B. Biological Contributions 1. The pseudocoelom may be filled with fluid or gelatinous material with mesenchyme cells. 2. It generally provides greater freedom of movement. 3. There is space for more develo ...
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Invertebrate Evolution
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... ■ Respiratory organs have large surface areas that are in contact with the air or water. ■ For diffusion to occur, the respiratory surface must be moist ■ Many simple aquatic animals respire through their skin. ...
free-living worms
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... Have simple nervous systems consisting of several ganglia (group of neurons). Nerves extend from head along sides of body. Nerves transmit information and control movement. ...
Invertebrate unit
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Mollusca - WordPress.com
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... segmented appendages muscles attach to inside of skeleton and act as a lever system some have wings ...
Earthworm Fact Sheet (2016)
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... D) Identify one biome that is characterized by soil that is rich in humus. Describe how humus originated in the soils of this biome and 2 ways that humus improves soil conditions for plant growth? FRQ 2. Suppose you are an ecologist for the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Your current research ...
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... a. Parapodia are paddle-like appendages used in swimming and for respiration. b. Setae are bristles, attached to parapodia, that help anchor polychaetes or help them move. 3. Clam worms such as Nereis are active predators. ...
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Marine Flatworms of the World! - Introduction
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... muscular pharynx (see left image below), which can expand to the same size as the whole animal. Digestions is then started outside of the body allowing the pharyngeal muscles to break up the prey which is then sucked, whole, into the intestine. Yet another technique has been observed for Eurylepta l ...
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Earthworm



An earthworm is a tube-shaped, segmented worm found in the phylum Annelida. They are commonly found living in soil, feeding on live and dead organic matter. Its digestive system runs through the length of its body. It conducts respiration through its skin. An earthworm has a double transport system composed of coelomic fluid that moves within the fluid-filled coelom and a simple, closed blood circulatory system. It has a central and a peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of two ganglia above the mouth, one on either side, connected to a nerve cord running back along its length to motor neurons and sensory cells in each segment. Large numbers of chemoreceptors are concentrated near its mouth. Circumferential and longitudinal muscles on the periphery of each segment enable the worm to move. Similar sets of muscles line the gut, and their actions move the digesting food toward the worm's anus.Earthworms are hermaphrodites—each individual carries both male and female sex organs. They lack either an internal skeleton or exoskeleton, but maintain their structure with fluid-filled coelom chambers that function as a hydrostatic skeleton.""Earthworm"" is the common name for the largest members of Oligochaeta (which is either a class or a subclass depending on the author). In classical systems, they were placed in the order Opisthopora, on the basis of the male pores opening posterior to the female pores, though the internal male segments are anterior to the female. Theoretical cladistic studies have placed them, instead, in the suborder Lumbricina of the order Haplotaxida, but this may again soon change. Folk names for the earthworm include ""dew-worm"", ""rainworm"", ""night crawler"", and ""angleworm"" (due to its use as fishing bait).Larger terrestrial earthworms are also called megadriles (or big worms), as opposed to the microdriles (or small worms) in the semiaquatic families Tubificidae, Lumbriculidae, and Enchytraeidae, among others. The megadriles are characterized by having a distinct clitellum (which is more extensive than that of microdriles) and a vascular system with true capillaries.Earthworms are far less abundant in disturbed environments and are typically active only if water is present.
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