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Untitled
Untitled

... fissure - cleft-like opening between adjacent parts of bones through which vessels & nerves pass ...
THORACIC INLET RELATIONS AND CROSS SECTIONAL ANATOMY
THORACIC INLET RELATIONS AND CROSS SECTIONAL ANATOMY

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THORACIC INLET RELATIONS AND CROSS SECTIONAL ANATOMY
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The Cranial Bones
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... The Cranial Bones of the Skull  The Temporal Bones  Squamous part: borders the squamous suture  Mandibular fossa: articulates with the mandible  Zygomatic process  Inferior to the squamous portion  Articulates with temporal process of zygomatic bone ...
Surgical Anatomy and Approaches to the Anterior Thoracolumbar
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... The main anterior-based approaches to the thoracolumbar junction are performed antero-laterally, which can be performed via a thoracotomy or, more recently, by thoracoscopy. These transthoracic approaches can be performed together with retroperitoneal approaches. A recently described technique for t ...
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... • Move the upper limbs and the ribs. • Innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves. Intrinsic muscles: • Maintain posture and move the vertebral column. • Innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves. ...
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... individually palpable, but the posterior tubercles of these processes form a bony resistance that may be palpated along a line from the tip of the mastoid process to the root of the neck, approximately a thumb breadth (2.5 cm) lateral of the midline. The anterior aspects of the transverse processes ...
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...  Anterior column - Anterior longitudinal ligament+ Anterior annular ligament and anterior half of VB.  Middle column – Posterior long. Lig. + Posterior annular ligament +Posterior half of VB.  Posterior Column – Lig flavum + superior & Interspinous lig + intertransverse capsular lig + neural arch ...
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... into the first two cervical vertebrae of plesiosaurs and I would therefore like to describe then briefly and figure (Fig 9-11). The single parts which comprise the vertebrae are completely unfused; basal pieces, neural arches and ribs have fallen off and are lost, so that I can deal only with the ce ...
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... is indicated by a blue/grey colouration. The external carotid artery (ECA) can be seen passing deep to the digastic muscle and tendon. The branches of the ECA including facial artery, artery, the maxillary artery, occipital artery and posterior auricular artery are preserved. At the inferior aspect ...
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... part of superior nuchal line Nerve supply: Spinal part of accessory nerve (motor) & ventral rami of C2-3 (proprioceptive) Action: • Both muscles acting together extend head at atlanto-occipital joint, and flex cervical part of vertebral column • Contraction of one muscle moves the face to the opposi ...
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... • Spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to any injury of the neural (pertaining to nerves) elements within the spinal canal. SCI can occur from either trauma or disease to the vertebral column or the spinal cord itself. • Most spinal cord injuries are the result of trauma to the vertebral column. Such tra ...
digital neuroanatomy
digital neuroanatomy

... The spinal cord is about 18” in length, extending from the foramen magnum to vertebral level L2. It expands at levels that give rise to innervation of the upper and lower limbs, the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements respectively. The lower end of the cord tapers to the conus medullaris below wh ...
LAKE CITY COMMUNITY COLLEGE
LAKE CITY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

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Inferior View of the Skull
Inferior View of the Skull

... the midline anteriorly is the incisive fossa and foramen. Posterolaterally are the greater and lesser palatine foramina. Above the posterior edge of the hard palate are the choanae (posterior nasal apertures). These are separated from each other by the posterior margin of the vomer and are bounded l ...
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Vertebra



In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate animal.The basic configuration of a vertebra varies; the large part is the body, and the central part is the centrum. The upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra body give attachment to the intervertebral discs. The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch, in eleven parts, consisting of two pedicles, two laminae, and seven processes. The laminae give attachment to the ligamenta flava. There are vertebral notches formed from the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when the vertebrae articulate. These foramina are the entry and exit conducts for the spinal nerves. The body of the vertebra and the vertebral arch form the vertebral foramen, the larger, central opening that accommodates the spinal canal, which encloses and protects the spinal cord.Vertebrae articulate with each other to give strength and flexibility to the spinal column, and the shape at their back and front aspects determines the range of movement. Structurally, vertebrae are essentially alike across the vertebrate species, with the greatest difference seen between an aquatic animal and other vertebrate animals. As such, vertebrates take their name from the vertebrae that compose the vertebral column.
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