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Unacceptable Ambiguity (1973)
Unacceptable Ambiguity (1973)

... NP X A Z and NP X B Z -- NP X A Z and NP B where A and B are nonidentical major constituents.2 The variables in this rule are subject to numerous constraints, the nature of which I cannot go into here.3 For the purposesof the present argument, however, it suffices to establish that the rule does in ...
Grammar Builder Activities
Grammar Builder Activities

... the student can readily identify which conjunction dice go with the kind of sentence he rolled. Conjunction Dice: These dice complement the Sentence Structure Die. Included are seven dice, one with relative pronouns (green with words including who and which), one with coordinating conjunctions (red ...
pronouns - YuhhediEnglish
pronouns - YuhhediEnglish

... Each other is used when the group consists of just two people, animals or things. One another is used when the groups consists of more than two people, animals ot things. Examples  John and Bob respect each other.  We are commanded to love one another. Relative Pronouns Relative Pronoun begins a s ...
The Simpson`s Teach Complex Sentences
The Simpson`s Teach Complex Sentences

... survive by itself. It does not express a complete thought, but it does contain a verb. IT IS NOT A SENTENCE. ...
Talk a Lot - English Banana
Talk a Lot - English Banana

... Sentence stress is a natural part of spoken English and students should be encouraged to use it during the course. English is a stress-timed language which is spoken with rhythm. This results from strong and weak stresses that are built into both individual words and sentences. How can students reco ...
Writing is easy if you plan it. Planning helps you
Writing is easy if you plan it. Planning helps you

... content. Another is the lack of fibre and vitamins. Fast food may also contain many chemical additives. These are designed to make it tasty and make it last longer. However, they are not good for your health. ...
big grammar test
big grammar test

... B. thirteen C. original D. states 18. Which sentence contains two proper nouns? A. She is studying French and Spanish. B. She likes foreign languages and math. C. Her favorite subjects are math and Spanish. D. She wants to visit France and another country. 19. Which sentence has the correct punctuat ...
On Psychological Momentum in Language Communication
On Psychological Momentum in Language Communication

... explained from the viewpoint of both social-linguistics and psycho-linguistics as well. Any theory concerning language communication can not be explained in one way only. Therefore the author found that from the viewpoint of language communication this phenomenon can be very clearly explained. As la ...
Transformational Generative Grammar for Various
Transformational Generative Grammar for Various

... a    ? can not be generated using the PSG only. However, in addition to PSG, if we use TGG, it is possible to generate such sentences. The PSG can generate the DS   a      only. From this DS, TRs can generate the interrogative sentence, i.e., the SS,   ...
Exploring Verb Frames for Sentence Simplification
Exploring Verb Frames for Sentence Simplification

... due to the presence of ‘complex predicates’. Complex predicates occur in form of nominal+verb combination and thus have a generative property. Due to their generative nature it is practically challenging to create verb demand frames for them. The remaining 7 cases are found to have POS and Chunking ...
Practice 1
Practice 1

... Most commonly, using the coordinating conjunctions to join an independent clause to another independent clause or to a dependent clause helps create more complex sentences. However, remember one basic rule about punctuation: When a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) joins two independent clauses, al ...
Revised 08-27-08 Sentence variety exercise 1 Coordinating
Revised 08-27-08 Sentence variety exercise 1 Coordinating

... Most commonly, using the coordinating conjunctions to join an independent clause to another independent clause or to a dependent clause helps create more complex sentences. However, remember one basic rule about punctuation: When a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) joins two independent clauses, al ...
Expected English/VFA Time Management of Homework/Study
Expected English/VFA Time Management of Homework/Study

... Expected English/VFA Time Management of Homework/Study All Sacajawea students are expected to read IR books at least 30 minutes each day and complete AR Quizzes to prove reading comprehension. Reading can be done during SATime, in English class when all other class work has been finished both early ...
Verbals. Gerunds, Participles, and lnfinitives
Verbals. Gerunds, Participles, and lnfinitives

... church was never rebuill. ...
Comma Errors There are two kinds of comma errors: comma
Comma Errors There are two kinds of comma errors: comma

... nouns, verbs, prepositional phrases, adjective clauses, etc. The “buzzword” for this rule is ITEMS IN A SERIES. *NOTE THAT THERE IS A COMMA SEPARATING THE LAST TWO ITEMS. THIS SPECIFIC COMMA IS CALLED AN OXFORD COMMA.* *NOTE THAT POLYSYNDETON IS A RHETORICAL TECHNIQUE THAT EMPLOYS MANY COORDINATING ...
Binding Connectivity in Copular Sentences
Binding Connectivity in Copular Sentences

... genitive is a pronoun rather than a full NP; for discussion of this see Jacobson ( 1 994, in preparation). Consider now the question of how it is that the pronoun eventually gets bound. Here I assume that the binding effect takes place via a type-shift rule operating on the meaning of think in ( 1 1 ...
COMPLEX SENTENCE STRUCTURES
COMPLEX SENTENCE STRUCTURES

... •TO WHAT EXTENT? ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... surrounding the definition of "sentence". The problem arises when groups of sentences are to be considered, because of the need to have a workable grammar of English besides the linguistic grammar of phonics, morphemes, words, phrases, etc. As Halliday (Halliday 1994) points out it is often assumed ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Reflexive pronouns normally are placed directly before the verb, but they may be (but do not have to be) attached to infinitives and present participles Me ...
sentence and clause - Professor Flavia Cunha
sentence and clause - Professor Flavia Cunha

... b. We can talk while you are here or when you get home. Notice that in the sentences given no punctuation is necessary. In the following sentences, however, a comma is placed before each conjunction because it connects two independent clauses (complete sentences). Independent Clauses a. Jim loves Su ...
On D-pronouns and the Movement of Topic Features
On D-pronouns and the Movement of Topic Features

... The infinitival lP-constituent boeken lezen 'read books' may not occur as a complement to doen 'do', as the (a)-sentence shows, because this verb does not categorially select infinitival lP. If boeken lezen 'read books' occurs as a 1eft-dislocated constituent at the periphery of the clause, however, ...
Table of Contents
Table of Contents

... Note: “Here” is an adverb and “until I return” is a prepositional phrase. You may set your books on the table. Note: “Books” is the direct object. He has sat there for quite a while. Note: “There” is an adverb and “for quite a while” is a prepositional phrase. He has set his books on the table. Note ...
Grammar for Communicators
Grammar for Communicators

... Note: “Here” is an adverb and “until I return” is a prepositional phrase. You may set your books on the table. Note: “Books” is the direct object. He has sat there for quite a while. Note: “There” is an adverb and “for quite a while” is a prepositional phrase. He has set his books on the table. Note ...
reference cohesion within the complex sentence
reference cohesion within the complex sentence

... The observation above may be true with regard to a language like English which has few inflections. However, in agglutinating languages like Kiswahili, morphosyntactic relationships are such that cohesion within a sentence is of paramount importance, as will be seen in the examples below. Morphologi ...
Class 16 Notes - Université d`Ottawa
Class 16 Notes - Université d`Ottawa

... Step 3: Move applies (more specifically I-to-C movement): Move I to C ...
< 1 ... 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 ... 93 >

Sloppy identity

In linguistics, Sloppy Identity is an interpretive issue involved in contexts like Verb Phrase Ellipsis where the identity of the pronoun in an elided VP (Verb Phrase) is not identical to the antecedent VP.For example, English allows VPs to be elided, as in example 1). The elided VP can be interpreted in at least two ways, namely as in (1a) or (1b) for this example.In (1a), the pronoun his refers to John in both the first and the second clause. This is done by assigning the same index to John and to both the “his” pronouns. This is called the “strict identity” reading because the elided VP is interpreted as being identical to the antecedent VP.In (1b), the pronoun his refers to John in the first clause, but the pronoun his in the second clause refers to Bob. This is done by assigning a different index to the pronoun his in the two clauses. In the first clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with John, in the second clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with Bob. This is called the “sloppy identity” reading because the elided VP is not interpreted as identical to the antecedent VP.1) John scratched his arm and Bob did too.This sentence can have a strict reading:1) a. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisi arm] too.Or a sloppy reading:1) b. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisj arm] too.
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