(1996). "A multi-threshold neural network for frequency estimation,"
... ory, shows that the information matrix of the combined results of independent experiments equals the sum of the information matrices of each individual experiment. Thus, under the assumption of conditional independence of auditory nerve responses, a calculation of the Fisher Information Matrix of th ...
... ory, shows that the information matrix of the combined results of independent experiments equals the sum of the information matrices of each individual experiment. Thus, under the assumption of conditional independence of auditory nerve responses, a calculation of the Fisher Information Matrix of th ...
Information Optimization in Coupled Audio–Visual Cortical Maps Mehran Kardar A. Zee
... Pin [sJ ]. Equation (1) is thus a transformation from one set of random variables (the inputs) to another (the outputs); the latter described by the joint probability distribution function Pout [Oi ]. The amount of information associated with a given probability distribution is quantified[10] (up to ...
... Pin [sJ ]. Equation (1) is thus a transformation from one set of random variables (the inputs) to another (the outputs); the latter described by the joint probability distribution function Pout [Oi ]. The amount of information associated with a given probability distribution is quantified[10] (up to ...
ben_slides2
... emergence of novel perceptual qualities that were not present in each individual odorant ...
... emergence of novel perceptual qualities that were not present in each individual odorant ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 25.21 Innervation schematics and responses of two circuits in the lower brainstem that are important in binaural sound localization. Neuronal cell bodies are shown as dots, and fiber pathways are shown as lines; positions of large synaptic terminals (endbulbs and calyces) are indicated. (A) ...
... FIGURE 25.21 Innervation schematics and responses of two circuits in the lower brainstem that are important in binaural sound localization. Neuronal cell bodies are shown as dots, and fiber pathways are shown as lines; positions of large synaptic terminals (endbulbs and calyces) are indicated. (A) ...
The Special Senses
... • Senses – our perception of what is “out there” • 2 groups – General senses – Special senses ...
... • Senses – our perception of what is “out there” • 2 groups – General senses – Special senses ...
LECTURE18.Olfaction&Taste
... distinctions in flavors require integrating gustatory, olfactory & somatosensory information ...
... distinctions in flavors require integrating gustatory, olfactory & somatosensory information ...
chapter 9 the chemical senses, neural coding, and central nervous
... more of a given type of ion chanel than do others. For example, one cell may have a high proportion of ion channels that are sensitive to salt, and another a high proportion of ion channels sensitive to sugar. This means that each cell will respond to both salty and sweet tasting stimuli, but the fi ...
... more of a given type of ion chanel than do others. For example, one cell may have a high proportion of ion channels that are sensitive to salt, and another a high proportion of ion channels sensitive to sugar. This means that each cell will respond to both salty and sweet tasting stimuli, but the fi ...
lecture04
... In previous lectures (especially when discussing the inner ear), we touched on balance and visual/auditory perception. From what we learned in the last lecture, it would seem proprioception plays some role in balance – how big a role does proprioception play in this context? Why does a loss of propr ...
... In previous lectures (especially when discussing the inner ear), we touched on balance and visual/auditory perception. From what we learned in the last lecture, it would seem proprioception plays some role in balance – how big a role does proprioception play in this context? Why does a loss of propr ...
Neural Plasticity Workshop: Insights from
... Amir Amedi, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Plasticity and stability in the Human Brain: lessons from multisensory longitudinal studies. I will describe the extent and timescale with which sensory cortices can be recruited and modified by inputs coming from various natural or artificial sensory input ...
... Amir Amedi, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Plasticity and stability in the Human Brain: lessons from multisensory longitudinal studies. I will describe the extent and timescale with which sensory cortices can be recruited and modified by inputs coming from various natural or artificial sensory input ...
BECOMING AWARE OF THE WORLD AROUND US
... are termed as deep senses: vestibular and kinesthetic. They help us in maintaining body equilibrium and provide important information about body position and movement of body parts relative to each other. In this section, you will study about the structure and function of different human sense organ ...
... are termed as deep senses: vestibular and kinesthetic. They help us in maintaining body equilibrium and provide important information about body position and movement of body parts relative to each other. In this section, you will study about the structure and function of different human sense organ ...
Chapter 16
... 51. Distinguish between the two kinds of equilibrium. Otolithic Organs: Saccule and Utricle 52. Describe the cellular and extracellular constituents of the maculae, and the relative spacial position of these otoliths organs with the saccule and utricle. 53. Discuss how the otoliths work with the cil ...
... 51. Distinguish between the two kinds of equilibrium. Otolithic Organs: Saccule and Utricle 52. Describe the cellular and extracellular constituents of the maculae, and the relative spacial position of these otoliths organs with the saccule and utricle. 53. Discuss how the otoliths work with the cil ...
Olfaction
... receptor types, but all receptors of the same type project to the same glomerulus. This pattern of projections creates a map that is conserved up to the level of the cortex. ...
... receptor types, but all receptors of the same type project to the same glomerulus. This pattern of projections creates a map that is conserved up to the level of the cortex. ...
25. Organ of balance and hearing
... Low frequencies vibrate the wider, thicker portion near the apex of the cochlea Each frequency stimulates different hair cells and facilitates perception of different pitches Perception of loudness is determined by movement amplitude; the greater the movement, the louder the perceived sound Hearing ...
... Low frequencies vibrate the wider, thicker portion near the apex of the cochlea Each frequency stimulates different hair cells and facilitates perception of different pitches Perception of loudness is determined by movement amplitude; the greater the movement, the louder the perceived sound Hearing ...
Zmysły chemiczne
... the mouth, they are perceived as if they are sensed within the mouth. This retronasal smell has been shown to be necessary for flavour identification. Thus, although a large part of flavour is due to smell, it is attributed to ‘taste’, ...
... the mouth, they are perceived as if they are sensed within the mouth. This retronasal smell has been shown to be necessary for flavour identification. Thus, although a large part of flavour is due to smell, it is attributed to ‘taste’, ...
(Involuntary) and Voluntary Muscle Contractions
... The students will need to work in groups of at least two; three per group would be ideal, with a volunteer, one to run the software, and one to apply the stimuli. Electrode attachment to the subject Skin over the biceps brachii and gastrocnemius should be cleaned with alcohol wipes and lightly abrad ...
... The students will need to work in groups of at least two; three per group would be ideal, with a volunteer, one to run the software, and one to apply the stimuli. Electrode attachment to the subject Skin over the biceps brachii and gastrocnemius should be cleaned with alcohol wipes and lightly abrad ...
Trichromatic theory of color vision
... Semicircular canals: of the inner ear consist of three tubes containing fluid that sloshes through them when the head moves, signaling rotational or angular movement to the brain. The pull on our bodies caused by the acceleration of forward, backward, or up-and-down motion, as well as the constant p ...
... Semicircular canals: of the inner ear consist of three tubes containing fluid that sloshes through them when the head moves, signaling rotational or angular movement to the brain. The pull on our bodies caused by the acceleration of forward, backward, or up-and-down motion, as well as the constant p ...
32. Sensory organs. organ of smell and taste
... they are the dendrites of sensory neurons – Complex receptors (eyes) are housed in organs – Some receptors respond to only one kind of stimulus ...
... they are the dendrites of sensory neurons – Complex receptors (eyes) are housed in organs – Some receptors respond to only one kind of stimulus ...
Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus Superior
... different for the auditory system than it is for the other two major sensory systems, vision and somatosensation. In both of the latter systems the location of a stimulus is naturally encoded in the location of the sensory receptor since there is a map of the space in the sensory epithelium, in the ...
... different for the auditory system than it is for the other two major sensory systems, vision and somatosensation. In both of the latter systems the location of a stimulus is naturally encoded in the location of the sensory receptor since there is a map of the space in the sensory epithelium, in the ...
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A
... Table 1. The same cue types were used for each animal throughout training; thus, the noise, tone, flashing light, and solid light stimuli (described above) were made to correspond to cues A, B, X, and Y, respectively. All cues were always presented for 10 s. Preconditioning. Rats were divided into ...
... Table 1. The same cue types were used for each animal throughout training; thus, the noise, tone, flashing light, and solid light stimuli (described above) were made to correspond to cues A, B, X, and Y, respectively. All cues were always presented for 10 s. Preconditioning. Rats were divided into ...
Document
... Differentiating CAPD from Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders Charles Berlin, Ph.D. July 2011 ...
... Differentiating CAPD from Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders Charles Berlin, Ph.D. July 2011 ...
Perception - Vision
... motion, color differences, or binocular disparities. Orientation helps to detect edges and contours. Direction of motion is important to determine dangerous moves of an attacker. Color helps to differentiate and identify objects particularly in a camouflage environment. Binocular disparities between ...
... motion, color differences, or binocular disparities. Orientation helps to detect edges and contours. Direction of motion is important to determine dangerous moves of an attacker. Color helps to differentiate and identify objects particularly in a camouflage environment. Binocular disparities between ...
Physiology Study Guide 12
... ____49. The Medial Lemniscus is a projection tract of 2° (second-order) neurons extending from the: (a) dorsal (posterior) root ganglia to the Medulla oblongata (b) proprioceptors to the ventral (anterior) gray horns of the spinal cord (c) Thalamus to the postcentral gyrus of the Cerebral Cortex (d) ...
... ____49. The Medial Lemniscus is a projection tract of 2° (second-order) neurons extending from the: (a) dorsal (posterior) root ganglia to the Medulla oblongata (b) proprioceptors to the ventral (anterior) gray horns of the spinal cord (c) Thalamus to the postcentral gyrus of the Cerebral Cortex (d) ...
Chapter One: Neurological Bases for Visual Communication
... The optic nerve If you refer to Figure 1 again, you’ll see that the nerves connecting the eyes with the visual cortex take some interesting twists and turns. The first thing to notice is that the left side of both eyeballs are fed by the same nerve; same with the right side of both eyeballs. This st ...
... The optic nerve If you refer to Figure 1 again, you’ll see that the nerves connecting the eyes with the visual cortex take some interesting twists and turns. The first thing to notice is that the left side of both eyeballs are fed by the same nerve; same with the right side of both eyeballs. This st ...
The non-classical auditory pathways are involved in hearing in
... observed may be an example of specialization where auditory processing is shifted from the phylogentically older non-classical system, towards the phylogentically newer classical auditory system that perform finer analysis of sounds. Patrick Wall presented the hypothesis of unmasking of ineffective ...
... observed may be an example of specialization where auditory processing is shifted from the phylogentically older non-classical system, towards the phylogentically newer classical auditory system that perform finer analysis of sounds. Patrick Wall presented the hypothesis of unmasking of ineffective ...