Somatic and Special Senses
... from the stimulated receptors: this process is called projection because the brain projects the sensation back to its apparent source. Projection allows a person to pinpoint the region of stimulation, thus, the eyes seem to see and the ears seem to hear. ...
... from the stimulated receptors: this process is called projection because the brain projects the sensation back to its apparent source. Projection allows a person to pinpoint the region of stimulation, thus, the eyes seem to see and the ears seem to hear. ...
NS_olfaction
... The vomeronasal receptors project to a separate “accessory olfactory bulb” via a separate “accessory olfactory nerve” Organization of the AOB is similar to that of the MOB. Outputs are different: the AOB output target only ...
... The vomeronasal receptors project to a separate “accessory olfactory bulb” via a separate “accessory olfactory nerve” Organization of the AOB is similar to that of the MOB. Outputs are different: the AOB output target only ...
pdf
... properties of sensory stimuli. For example, in visual object recognition areas, normalization controls for the number of visual objects in a scene, so that neural activity is more closely related to the nature of the objects than to their total number [6]. Indeed, normalization has been proposed to ...
... properties of sensory stimuli. For example, in visual object recognition areas, normalization controls for the number of visual objects in a scene, so that neural activity is more closely related to the nature of the objects than to their total number [6]. Indeed, normalization has been proposed to ...
Visual Field Defects - Northwestern Medical Review
... however, true of the visual system. Unilateral damage to the visual cortex is manifested by characteristic partial loss of vision in both eyes. Neither of the eyes is able to see the contralateral visual field with respect to the location of lesions. As we will see later this unique pattern also hol ...
... however, true of the visual system. Unilateral damage to the visual cortex is manifested by characteristic partial loss of vision in both eyes. Neither of the eyes is able to see the contralateral visual field with respect to the location of lesions. As we will see later this unique pattern also hol ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... disparity, as well as various monocular cues including texture gradients—and then the information from these different depth cues is integrated to construct a generalized representation of the 3D surface geometry. Neurons involved in low-level disparity processing, or the detection of local absolute ...
... disparity, as well as various monocular cues including texture gradients—and then the information from these different depth cues is integrated to construct a generalized representation of the 3D surface geometry. Neurons involved in low-level disparity processing, or the detection of local absolute ...
Cochlea and Auditory Pathways
... Pressure waves of air (20 to 20,000 Hz in man; up to 40,000 Hz in the dog &100,000 Hz in the bat) can be interpreted as sound. Sound has subjective properties that correspond to parameters of physics: pitch = wave frequency = Hz = Hertz = cycles/sec., volume = amplitude from the low point to the hig ...
... Pressure waves of air (20 to 20,000 Hz in man; up to 40,000 Hz in the dog &100,000 Hz in the bat) can be interpreted as sound. Sound has subjective properties that correspond to parameters of physics: pitch = wave frequency = Hz = Hertz = cycles/sec., volume = amplitude from the low point to the hig ...
audition - Neuroanatomy
... different sounds. The pitch (frequency) of pure tone sounds of varied frequency is plotted along the bottom on the X axis, progressing from low pitch to high pitch pure tones from left to right. The intensity (dB) of those sounds is plotted along the Y axis on the left, with the quietest sounds near ...
... different sounds. The pitch (frequency) of pure tone sounds of varied frequency is plotted along the bottom on the X axis, progressing from low pitch to high pitch pure tones from left to right. The intensity (dB) of those sounds is plotted along the Y axis on the left, with the quietest sounds near ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... These regions have specialized areas with ciliated neurosensorial cells and supporting cells, implicated in the hearing or in the equilibrium functionality. The sensorial ones are epithelial mechanoreceptors of the vestibular or cochlear labyrinth so they transform the mechanic energy into neurology ...
... These regions have specialized areas with ciliated neurosensorial cells and supporting cells, implicated in the hearing or in the equilibrium functionality. The sensorial ones are epithelial mechanoreceptors of the vestibular or cochlear labyrinth so they transform the mechanic energy into neurology ...
Place cells, neocortex and spatial navigation: a short review
... place cells would update their activity by keeping track of the rat’s movements in space based on signals stemming from the vestibular and proprioceptive systems as well as from motor efference copy [28]. However, this strategy, known as path-integration [32] tends to accumulate errors so that if no ...
... place cells would update their activity by keeping track of the rat’s movements in space based on signals stemming from the vestibular and proprioceptive systems as well as from motor efference copy [28]. However, this strategy, known as path-integration [32] tends to accumulate errors so that if no ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Some of the results from these injections have already been reported in another article (Falchier et al., 2002). Central area 17 injections were in the cortex subserving 0º–2º in the lower visual field (M85RHDY and M85RHFsB). Injections aimed at the peripheral represen ...
... monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Some of the results from these injections have already been reported in another article (Falchier et al., 2002). Central area 17 injections were in the cortex subserving 0º–2º in the lower visual field (M85RHDY and M85RHFsB). Injections aimed at the peripheral represen ...
Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the
... adding them last to this minimal adequate model. When there was signi®cant overdispersion using Poisson errors, we re-scaled the model using Pearson's x2/d.f. (where d.f. is degrees of freedom)22. Means 6 standard errors are reported. We assumed that foraging effort was proportional to percentage ti ...
... adding them last to this minimal adequate model. When there was signi®cant overdispersion using Poisson errors, we re-scaled the model using Pearson's x2/d.f. (where d.f. is degrees of freedom)22. Means 6 standard errors are reported. We assumed that foraging effort was proportional to percentage ti ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... visual images depends upon the meaningfulness of the stimuli being perceived. Unless neurophysiologists use stimuli embodying the “semantics” of natural images, they will advance—with or without the inclusion of behavioral links—only a few fledgling steps toward an understanding of the neuronal base ...
... visual images depends upon the meaningfulness of the stimuli being perceived. Unless neurophysiologists use stimuli embodying the “semantics” of natural images, they will advance—with or without the inclusion of behavioral links—only a few fledgling steps toward an understanding of the neuronal base ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... discrimination task (Figure 2a) and range jitter discrimination task (Figure 2c), changes in echo amplitude affect the distance estimation of big brown bats in predictable ways (Figure 2f) [27,28]. Behaviorally, it has been demonstrated that sonar ranging in big brown bats is robust to changes in ec ...
... discrimination task (Figure 2a) and range jitter discrimination task (Figure 2c), changes in echo amplitude affect the distance estimation of big brown bats in predictable ways (Figure 2f) [27,28]. Behaviorally, it has been demonstrated that sonar ranging in big brown bats is robust to changes in ec ...
Natural signal statistics and sensory gain control
... have properties similar to receptive fields in the visual cortex4–6. Those resulting from decomposition of natural sounds are temporally localized band-pass filters, similar to those found in the peripheral auditory system7. These linear models provide evidence for a link between statistics of natur ...
... have properties similar to receptive fields in the visual cortex4–6. Those resulting from decomposition of natural sounds are temporally localized band-pass filters, similar to those found in the peripheral auditory system7. These linear models provide evidence for a link between statistics of natur ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... of behavioral tasks suitable for use in experimental animals. In these tasks animals are trained to make simple decisions based on sensory evidence or rewards and express these decisions through specific actions [1,2]. This strategy has been particularly fruitful in the oculomotor system, where monk ...
... of behavioral tasks suitable for use in experimental animals. In these tasks animals are trained to make simple decisions based on sensory evidence or rewards and express these decisions through specific actions [1,2]. This strategy has been particularly fruitful in the oculomotor system, where monk ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... frequencies (red) and low frequencies (blue). HG, Heschl’s gyrus (anterior). (b) Average mirror-symmetric tontopic organization from data analyzed directly using cortical-surface techniques. Regions H1 and H2 are tuned to high frequencies, region L1 is tuned to low frequencies. Intermediate regions ...
... frequencies (red) and low frequencies (blue). HG, Heschl’s gyrus (anterior). (b) Average mirror-symmetric tontopic organization from data analyzed directly using cortical-surface techniques. Regions H1 and H2 are tuned to high frequencies, region L1 is tuned to low frequencies. Intermediate regions ...
Discrimination of Perfumes Using an Electronic Nose System
... to the olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors respond chemically with the odorant molecules. This process involves temporarily binding the odorant molecules to proteins that transport the molecules across the receptor membrane. Once across the boundary, the odorant molecules chemically stimu ...
... to the olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors respond chemically with the odorant molecules. This process involves temporarily binding the odorant molecules to proteins that transport the molecules across the receptor membrane. Once across the boundary, the odorant molecules chemically stimu ...
Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Sensory Receptors Martin Paré
... Sensory transduction converts stimuli into graded potentials. Such changes in receptor membrane potential are known as the receptor potential and the generator potential. ...
... Sensory transduction converts stimuli into graded potentials. Such changes in receptor membrane potential are known as the receptor potential and the generator potential. ...
Chapter 17- The Special Senses
... 2. Sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate. 3. Endolymph waves cause movement of the basilar membrane and its hair cells. 4. The pinna conducts sound waves into the external auditory canal. 5. Hair cells push against the tectorial membrane; stereocilia bend; impulses generate. 6. The tymp ...
... 2. Sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate. 3. Endolymph waves cause movement of the basilar membrane and its hair cells. 4. The pinna conducts sound waves into the external auditory canal. 5. Hair cells push against the tectorial membrane; stereocilia bend; impulses generate. 6. The tymp ...
Bat Echolocation - (canvas.brown.edu).
... echo-delay changes as small as 10 nanoseconds (a few millionths of a second) Distances of 2 micrometers Way more precision than needed for simple distances Hypothesized to be used for scanning acoustic texture of ...
... echo-delay changes as small as 10 nanoseconds (a few millionths of a second) Distances of 2 micrometers Way more precision than needed for simple distances Hypothesized to be used for scanning acoustic texture of ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... not been reported in the primate brain. Instead, recent studies have suggested that sound location may be encoded via broadly responsive neurons whose firing rates vary roughly proportionately with sound azimuth. Within frontal space, maps and such rate codes involve different response patterns at t ...
... not been reported in the primate brain. Instead, recent studies have suggested that sound location may be encoded via broadly responsive neurons whose firing rates vary roughly proportionately with sound azimuth. Within frontal space, maps and such rate codes involve different response patterns at t ...
Insect hearing: from physics to ecology - Karl-Franzens
... elaborated in interneurons (Hildebrandt et al. 2015). Hildebrandt et al. take advantage of the multitude of independently evolved auditory pathways found in insects which allowed them to abstract from specific physiological mechanisms and to derive a few general computational principles important fo ...
... elaborated in interneurons (Hildebrandt et al. 2015). Hildebrandt et al. take advantage of the multitude of independently evolved auditory pathways found in insects which allowed them to abstract from specific physiological mechanisms and to derive a few general computational principles important fo ...
BrainMechanismsofUnconsciousInference2010
... unconscious inference theories of perception must explain how the conclusion of an inference about size and distance leads to the experience of an object as having a certain size and being at a certain distance. In other words, the theories need to explain how the conclusion to an inference […] can ...
... unconscious inference theories of perception must explain how the conclusion of an inference about size and distance leads to the experience of an object as having a certain size and being at a certain distance. In other words, the theories need to explain how the conclusion to an inference […] can ...
Are We Paying Attention Yet?
... Attention and eye movements are tightly related During saccade preparation, oculomotor system controls location selection even if attention is directed elsewhere Direction of attention is dissociable from eye position during fixations Findings are do not rule out interdependence or identity hypothes ...
... Attention and eye movements are tightly related During saccade preparation, oculomotor system controls location selection even if attention is directed elsewhere Direction of attention is dissociable from eye position during fixations Findings are do not rule out interdependence or identity hypothes ...