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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... Chronic periodontitis is a destructive disease affecting the tooth supporting tissues. Its course tends to be progressive, although bursts can occur and it is associated with imbalance between subgingival plaque, mainly consisting of gram negative bacteria and host defence [1].The relationship betwe ...
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living
organisms;
bacterial
infections
kill
over
5
 million
people
a
year
–
roughly
10%
of
the
world’s
population
 • Mutations
can
create
“super‐bacteria,”
which
are
resistant
to
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... pneumonia (Nair and Niederman, 2011). This results in a disruption of the normal physiological functioning of the lungs and the entire respiratory system. It is important to note that M. tuberculosis initiates a similar inflammatory response and results in similar changes to the respiratory system’s ...
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Pneumonia



Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. It is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly other microorganisms, certain drugs and other conditions such as autoimmune diseases.Typical signs and symptoms include a cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Diagnostic tools include x-rays and culture of the sputum. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia presumed to be bacterial is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized.Pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people globally per year (7% of the population) and results in about 4 million deaths. Although pneumonia was regarded by William Osler in the 19th century as ""the captain of the men of death,"" the advent of antibiotic therapy and vaccines in the 20th century has seen improvements in survival. Nevertheless, in developing countries, and among the very old, the very young, and the chronically ill, pneumonia remains a leading cause of death. In the terminally ill and elderly, especially those with other conditions, pneumonia is often the immediate cause of death. In such cases, particularly when it cuts short the suffering associated with lingering illness, pneumonia has often been called ""the old man's friend.""
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