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smith_wangaDAC2
smith_wangaDAC2

... by 400mV over -40C to 85C (3.2 mV/˚C) • 1.1V reference varies by 150mV over -40C to 85C (1.2 mV/˚C) ...
Equations and Key Concepts (Excellence Project)
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... Key Terms and Concepts Voltage is the potential or difference. It is the energy or pressure in a circuit. In S.I. units it is 1 joule/coulomb. (See p. 4). Current is the flow of electrons in a circuit. It is measured in amperes. 1 ampere = 6.24 x 1018/sec. Resistance is the tendency of a material to ...
Electric Circuits
Electric Circuits

FET Current Mirrors
FET Current Mirrors

... • Ideal independent current sources are difficult to make and are almost impossible to fabricate on an integrated circuit. • Instead, current mirrors are fabricated. ▫ These are circuits that contain two or more FETs, where the drain of one of the FETs is connected to the rest of the circuit. ▫ This ...
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... Vdc output voltage. The converter is capable of delivering 280 Watts continuously at 14 Vdc (20 amperes output). The 14 Vdc output is buck converted from the input voltage and therefore the output voltage is not isolated from the input. A state of the art "Synchronous Current Mode Switching" topolog ...
Hall Effect Devices as Current Sensors
Hall Effect Devices as Current Sensors

... Monitoring current in a test fixture is typically accomplished by monitoring the voltage dropped across a resistor in series with the load. In Figure 1 we see a typical circuit. When the voltage across R5 reaches about 600 mV the transistor Q2 starts to conduct. As Q2 conducts the voltage across R7 ...
KIRCHOFF`S VOLTAGE LAW: EXAMPLE 2
KIRCHOFF`S VOLTAGE LAW: EXAMPLE 2

PROBLEM SET AP1 Ohms Law, Power, and Energy
PROBLEM SET AP1 Ohms Law, Power, and Energy

... AP® Physics 1 Myers Park High School ...
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... Find k by analysis of that circuit. We can then use k to find the output when given any input. So set Vx = 1 V and let the input be unknown. There is no current flowing through either the 22 Ω resistor or the 81 Ω resistor. This means that the voltage across each element is 0V. So we can replace the ...
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... resistance circuit. The two resistors can be combine into a since they are in series. For the parallel circuit, the current through one of the resistor is proportional to the total current. The proportionality is the equivalent resistance of the parallel resistors divided by its resistance. The equi ...
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4. Replace the BJT with one of its small
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... 1) Write the steps through which small signal equivalent circuit model can be used in the analysis of transistor amplifier. Soln. 1. Determine the dc operating point of the BJT and in particular the dc collector current I C. 2. Calculate the values of the small-signal model parameters: ...
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< 1 ... 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 ... 984 >

Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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