Artery-Vein Occlusion - Yang Optometric Center
... blockage. Specific treatment measures include ocular massage and removal of fluid. If it appears that these treatments will restore retinal circulation, oxygen administered under high pressure may help preserve retinal function until this occurs. Blockage of a branch of the retinal artery is usually ...
... blockage. Specific treatment measures include ocular massage and removal of fluid. If it appears that these treatments will restore retinal circulation, oxygen administered under high pressure may help preserve retinal function until this occurs. Blockage of a branch of the retinal artery is usually ...
Chapter 14
... prevertebral ganglia. Fibers enter and leave without synapsing and form several nerves collectively called splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and lumbar) Splanchnic nerves synapse at abdominal aortic plexus that clings to surface of ...
... prevertebral ganglia. Fibers enter and leave without synapsing and form several nerves collectively called splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and lumbar) Splanchnic nerves synapse at abdominal aortic plexus that clings to surface of ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... prevertebral ganglia. Fibers enter and leave without synapsing and form several nerves collectively called splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and lumbar) Splanchnic nerves synapse at abdominal aortic plexus that clings to surface of ...
... prevertebral ganglia. Fibers enter and leave without synapsing and form several nerves collectively called splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and lumbar) Splanchnic nerves synapse at abdominal aortic plexus that clings to surface of ...
Phototropin Influence on Eyespot Development and
... light-grown cultures were transferred to darkness for 5 d, the eyespot size of DPhotG5 remained unchanged, whereas the eyespot size of 302cw cells increased to a level similar to that of the DPhotG5 strain. Upon transfer to the 14/10-h light/dark cycle, only the eyespots of the parental strain decre ...
... light-grown cultures were transferred to darkness for 5 d, the eyespot size of DPhotG5 remained unchanged, whereas the eyespot size of 302cw cells increased to a level similar to that of the DPhotG5 strain. Upon transfer to the 14/10-h light/dark cycle, only the eyespots of the parental strain decre ...
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Cornea: Diagnosed on Cytology
... lesions typically resemble their benign counterparts quite closely and are difficult to identify clinically. These lesions are often misdiagnosed for a variety of benign lesions and though removed, are not usually subjected to histopathological examination. Recurrence rates are naturally high in suc ...
... lesions typically resemble their benign counterparts quite closely and are difficult to identify clinically. These lesions are often misdiagnosed for a variety of benign lesions and though removed, are not usually subjected to histopathological examination. Recurrence rates are naturally high in suc ...
L13-vestibulocochlear pathways2014-08-23 10
... nerve. • Cochlear nerve makes dendritic contact with hair cells of Organ of Corti (in Cochlear Duct). • Both cochlear & vestibular nerves meet & emerge through internal auditory (acoustic) meatus to cranial cavity. • Vestibular & cochlear parts enter pons through pontocerebellar (cerebellopontine) a ...
... nerve. • Cochlear nerve makes dendritic contact with hair cells of Organ of Corti (in Cochlear Duct). • Both cochlear & vestibular nerves meet & emerge through internal auditory (acoustic) meatus to cranial cavity. • Vestibular & cochlear parts enter pons through pontocerebellar (cerebellopontine) a ...
L12- CN VIII (vestibulocochlear pathways)
... nerve. • Cochlear nerve makes dendritic contact with hair cells of Organ of Corti (in Cochlear Duct). • Both cochlear & vestibular nerves meet & emerge through internal auditory (acoustic) meatus to cranial cavity. • Vestibular & cochlear parts enter pons through pontocerebellar (cerebellopontine) a ...
... nerve. • Cochlear nerve makes dendritic contact with hair cells of Organ of Corti (in Cochlear Duct). • Both cochlear & vestibular nerves meet & emerge through internal auditory (acoustic) meatus to cranial cavity. • Vestibular & cochlear parts enter pons through pontocerebellar (cerebellopontine) a ...
a Free Preview of “The Aquatic Eye” Here
... There are two basic types of eyes—compound and camera. Most invertebrates, for example insects and crabs, have a compound eye that is composed of many individual optical units, with light entering though multiple openings. This book will focus on the camera eye where light is transmitted and focused ...
... There are two basic types of eyes—compound and camera. Most invertebrates, for example insects and crabs, have a compound eye that is composed of many individual optical units, with light entering though multiple openings. This book will focus on the camera eye where light is transmitted and focused ...
Shafaie et al 2016 BROA - University of Hertfordshire
... of the results.3,10 In addition, in vitro models can be used to evaluate a number of combinations of experimental parameters, which is often not achievable with animal models.40,41 These models are commonly used for basic science, pharmaceutical research and development, toxicology, and permeability ...
... of the results.3,10 In addition, in vitro models can be used to evaluate a number of combinations of experimental parameters, which is often not achievable with animal models.40,41 These models are commonly used for basic science, pharmaceutical research and development, toxicology, and permeability ...
eye conditions/diseases/terms
... Luminance contrast Difference in brightness between foreground and background. For example, high luminance contrast occurs when a black object is placed on a yellow background. Macula Thin layer of nerve cells near the center of the retina with high concentrations of cones for detailed vision. The m ...
... Luminance contrast Difference in brightness between foreground and background. For example, high luminance contrast occurs when a black object is placed on a yellow background. Macula Thin layer of nerve cells near the center of the retina with high concentrations of cones for detailed vision. The m ...
Motor Components of the Cranial Nerves
... Hoxb-1 knockout mouse, for example, r4 (where the gene is normally expressed at high level) loses its r4 specific characters and takes on those of r2, r6 and other rhombomeres where the gene is not normally expressed. The expression of the homeobox genes in the hindbrain is controlled by the concent ...
... Hoxb-1 knockout mouse, for example, r4 (where the gene is normally expressed at high level) loses its r4 specific characters and takes on those of r2, r6 and other rhombomeres where the gene is not normally expressed. The expression of the homeobox genes in the hindbrain is controlled by the concent ...
rainbows - Team 7 English
... Our eyes not only allow us to see all the things in our surroundings, but also to be aware of what color they are. The eye of a fly is made up of thousands of tiny light-sensing units. Basically, almost all of the eye of a fly is light. Light from the objects around us enter through the pupils. The ...
... Our eyes not only allow us to see all the things in our surroundings, but also to be aware of what color they are. The eye of a fly is made up of thousands of tiny light-sensing units. Basically, almost all of the eye of a fly is light. Light from the objects around us enter through the pupils. The ...
A novel method combining vitreous aspiration and intravitreal AAV2
... that the new combination of techniques did not cause significant alterations of the retinal physiology. CONCLUSIONS. We show a novel application technique of AAV2/8 to the vitreous of mice that leads to widespread transduction of the retina. The results of this study have implications for virus-base ...
... that the new combination of techniques did not cause significant alterations of the retinal physiology. CONCLUSIONS. We show a novel application technique of AAV2/8 to the vitreous of mice that leads to widespread transduction of the retina. The results of this study have implications for virus-base ...
Retinal vein occlusion in a patient on oral contraceptive
... first follow-up was six weeks after the first injection. The visual acuity improved to 2/3 with decrease of edema and hemorrhage. The patient was reevaluated three months after the second dose, when a full recovery of visual acuity (1/1) was noticed. ...
... first follow-up was six weeks after the first injection. The visual acuity improved to 2/3 with decrease of edema and hemorrhage. The patient was reevaluated three months after the second dose, when a full recovery of visual acuity (1/1) was noticed. ...
Chapter 15 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... Structure of the Eyeball (cont.) • Inner layer (retina) (cont.) – Cones • Vision receptors for bright light • High-resolution color vision • Macula lutea area at posterior pole lateral to blind spot – Contains mostly cones ...
... Structure of the Eyeball (cont.) • Inner layer (retina) (cont.) – Cones • Vision receptors for bright light • High-resolution color vision • Macula lutea area at posterior pole lateral to blind spot – Contains mostly cones ...
Investigations in Ophthalmology
... mission—patient care, education, and research—but it’s the research, in particular, that strengthens the treatments and training so crucial to the ophthalmic enterprise. “So much of what we have to offer our patients, as well as our residents, is the result of the dedication and creativity of basic- ...
... mission—patient care, education, and research—but it’s the research, in particular, that strengthens the treatments and training so crucial to the ophthalmic enterprise. “So much of what we have to offer our patients, as well as our residents, is the result of the dedication and creativity of basic- ...
PowerPoint to accompany Hole`s Human Anatomy and Physiology
... • Respond to mechanical forces (touch, stretch, pressure) • Photoreceptors • Respond to light ...
... • Respond to mechanical forces (touch, stretch, pressure) • Photoreceptors • Respond to light ...
A new function for radial glial cells in white matter formation
... grow within this DMS scaffold (arrows). ...
... grow within this DMS scaffold (arrows). ...
Management of central retinal detachment due to a macular hole
... true holes and therefore do not cause retinal detachment and do not require surgery or prophylactic coagulation. Macular holes in cases of very high myopia, and particularly with posterior staphlomata and extensive macular chorioretinal atrophy and cystic degeneration, tend to be complete, and they ...
... true holes and therefore do not cause retinal detachment and do not require surgery or prophylactic coagulation. Macular holes in cases of very high myopia, and particularly with posterior staphlomata and extensive macular chorioretinal atrophy and cystic degeneration, tend to be complete, and they ...
Ponce (2008) Stereopsis
... A given neuron generates electrical impulses (called ‘action potentials’ or ‘spikes’) in response to visual stimuli that occur within a small region of the visual field. This region is the neuron’s receptive field. The output cells of each eye, the retinal ganglion cells, project to the lateral geni ...
... A given neuron generates electrical impulses (called ‘action potentials’ or ‘spikes’) in response to visual stimuli that occur within a small region of the visual field. This region is the neuron’s receptive field. The output cells of each eye, the retinal ganglion cells, project to the lateral geni ...
Ocular Surface Stem Cells and Disease: Current Concepts and
... epithelium, conjunctival epithelium consists of both nongoblet epithelial cells as well as mucin-secreting goblet cells. Wei et al7,8 showed that both these populations of cells arise from a common bipotent progenitor cell. The conjunctival forniceal region appears to be the site that is enriched in ...
... epithelium, conjunctival epithelium consists of both nongoblet epithelial cells as well as mucin-secreting goblet cells. Wei et al7,8 showed that both these populations of cells arise from a common bipotent progenitor cell. The conjunctival forniceal region appears to be the site that is enriched in ...
A Beginner`s Guide to Neuroanatomy
... body of that nerve cell in the dorsal root ganglion and continuing into the spinal cord. This stimulates neuronal cells in the posterior horn to trigger, through a single synapse, motor cells to emit a stimulus which will activate the relevant muscles. The spinal cord reflex may involve just two or ...
... body of that nerve cell in the dorsal root ganglion and continuing into the spinal cord. This stimulates neuronal cells in the posterior horn to trigger, through a single synapse, motor cells to emit a stimulus which will activate the relevant muscles. The spinal cord reflex may involve just two or ...
left eye - University of Minnesota Duluth
... • Axons of LGN neurons travel to primary visual cortex (Area 17) via the geniculocalcarine tract located in the retrolenticular and sublenticular portions of the internal capsule. • Axons from upper visual fields take a looping course into the temporal lobe on the way to visual cortex. (=Meyer’s loo ...
... • Axons of LGN neurons travel to primary visual cortex (Area 17) via the geniculocalcarine tract located in the retrolenticular and sublenticular portions of the internal capsule. • Axons from upper visual fields take a looping course into the temporal lobe on the way to visual cortex. (=Meyer’s loo ...
Slide 1
... Mechanisms For The Retinal Opacification • 1- Extracellular edema • 2- Glial swelling • 3- Photoreceptor outer segment disruption • With foveal involvement • A cherry red spot may appear because the cells involved in the whitening are not present in the fovea ...
... Mechanisms For The Retinal Opacification • 1- Extracellular edema • 2- Glial swelling • 3- Photoreceptor outer segment disruption • With foveal involvement • A cherry red spot may appear because the cells involved in the whitening are not present in the fovea ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.