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PAPER
PAPER

... Increasing interest in distributed wireless systems, such as sensor networks [1] has created the demand for a low-power operational amplifier [2] which can adapt to various operating conditions. A traditional operational amplifier, because of its fixed bias current, consumes constant power regardles ...
International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 6 (2015) No.9, pp. 1988-1993
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... three-phase, four-wire Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to improve power quality. For the control of series APF, and shunt APF a simple scheme based on the Unit Vector Template Generation (UVTG) is applied. Generally, some topologies applied for 3P-4W UPQC use active compensation for the mit ...
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... within the supply System network. These equipment and devices are nonlinear in nature that draws harmonic currents which deteriorates the quality of currents and voltage waveforms. Nonlinear loads like arc furnaces, adjustable speed drives, rectifiers, Fluorescent lamps, personal computers are the m ...
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... state. In the second control level, the new duty cycle calculated from the RCC unit is routed into an MRAC architecture, where the dynamics of the entire photovoltaic power conversion system, or the plant, are improved to eliminate any potential transient oscillations in the system’s output voltage. ...
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... isolation” for both common mode (line/neutral-to-ground) and “normal mode” (line-to-neutral) EMI/RFI. This should reduce high-frequency interference from not only the incoming AC, but from equipment plugged into the other outlet banks of the conditioner. To the right of these outlets are the four Is ...
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Power factor



In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power in the circuit, and is a dimensionless number in the closed interval of -1 to 1. A power factor of less than one means that the voltage and current waveforms are not in phase, reducing the instantaneous product of the two waveforms (V x I). Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent power will be greater than the real power. A negative power factor occurs when the device (which is normally the load) generates power, which then flows back towards the source, which is normally considered the generator.In an electric power system, a load with a low power factor draws more current than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of useful power transferred. The higher currents increase the energy lost in the distribution system, and require larger wires and other equipment. Because of the costs of larger equipment and wasted energy, electrical utilities will usually charge a higher cost to industrial or commercial customers where there is a low power factor.Linear loads with low power factor (such as induction motors) can be corrected with a passive network of capacitors or inductors. Non-linear loads, such as rectifiers, distort the current drawn from the system. In such cases, active or passive power factor correction may be used to counteract the distortion and raise the power factor. The devices for correction of the power factor may be at a central substation, spread out over a distribution system, or built into power-consuming equipment.
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