Receptors in lateral hypothalamic area involved in - AJP
... inhibiting the sympathetic nerve response to stimulation of the IC. The effective sites were very similar to those for kynurenate. Unlike AP-5, the non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX had no effect on the sympathetic nerve response to IC stimulation. These results indicate that the IC autono ...
... inhibiting the sympathetic nerve response to stimulation of the IC. The effective sites were very similar to those for kynurenate. Unlike AP-5, the non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX had no effect on the sympathetic nerve response to IC stimulation. These results indicate that the IC autono ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... and Bear [15]. In the mid 90’s new experimental techniques became available to control the activity of neurons on a millisecond scale. This prompted the discovery of timing-based plasticity rules [12, 16], which have been hypothesized before [17, 18]. Concretely, it was found that firing rates are no ...
... and Bear [15]. In the mid 90’s new experimental techniques became available to control the activity of neurons on a millisecond scale. This prompted the discovery of timing-based plasticity rules [12, 16], which have been hypothesized before [17, 18]. Concretely, it was found that firing rates are no ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... effects of the cholinergic agonist carbachol, and combined perfusion of both agonists caused effects similar to an equivalent concentration of a single agonist. In a computational model of the piriform cortex, we have analyzed the effect of noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission on signa ...
... effects of the cholinergic agonist carbachol, and combined perfusion of both agonists caused effects similar to an equivalent concentration of a single agonist. In a computational model of the piriform cortex, we have analyzed the effect of noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission on signa ...
Immunohistochemical description of the endogenous cannabinoid
... We report a detailed analysis of the distribution of relevant proteins of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the rat cerebellum (cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei) and the two functionally related nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the inferior olive. These proteins include the two main ...
... We report a detailed analysis of the distribution of relevant proteins of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the rat cerebellum (cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei) and the two functionally related nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the inferior olive. These proteins include the two main ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... Adenosine receptor A2A immunoreactivity is observed primarily at glutamatergic (asymmetric) synapses (17). Thus it is possible that caffeine acting through A2AR plays a prominent role in modulating glutamatergic input to various neurons (13, 17). Caffeine induces dopamine and glutamate release in th ...
... Adenosine receptor A2A immunoreactivity is observed primarily at glutamatergic (asymmetric) synapses (17). Thus it is possible that caffeine acting through A2AR plays a prominent role in modulating glutamatergic input to various neurons (13, 17). Caffeine induces dopamine and glutamate release in th ...
The Nervous System
... subdivisions of autonomic neurons: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Autonomic motor neurons, together with their central control centers, constitute the autonomic nervous system, the focus of chapter 9. The structural classification of neurons is based on the number of processes that extend from the ...
... subdivisions of autonomic neurons: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Autonomic motor neurons, together with their central control centers, constitute the autonomic nervous system, the focus of chapter 9. The structural classification of neurons is based on the number of processes that extend from the ...
Dendritic Signal Integration
... The study of dendritic integration draws on several approaches. Basic anatomical methods define the architecture of dendritic trees, while electron microscopic analysis provides detailed information about the fine structure of dendrites, spines, and synapses, as well as organelles that influence the ...
... The study of dendritic integration draws on several approaches. Basic anatomical methods define the architecture of dendritic trees, while electron microscopic analysis provides detailed information about the fine structure of dendrites, spines, and synapses, as well as organelles that influence the ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... below. and a small aliquot Ž0.5 ml. was incubated with DiI ŽMolecular Probes; 50 m grml. for 30 min at 368C. Meanwhile, the larger part of the cell suspension was counted and diluted to 3 million cells per milliliter in GCM. The stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge ...
... below. and a small aliquot Ž0.5 ml. was incubated with DiI ŽMolecular Probes; 50 m grml. for 30 min at 368C. Meanwhile, the larger part of the cell suspension was counted and diluted to 3 million cells per milliliter in GCM. The stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... mechanism for phenomena observed in single unit recording from the entorhinal cortex during performance of delayed matching and delayed non-matching tasks (Suzuki et al., 1997; Young et al., 1997). In particular, if cholinergic modulation is present, these cation currents are activated. Figure 3 sho ...
... mechanism for phenomena observed in single unit recording from the entorhinal cortex during performance of delayed matching and delayed non-matching tasks (Suzuki et al., 1997; Young et al., 1997). In particular, if cholinergic modulation is present, these cation currents are activated. Figure 3 sho ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... actively form synapses, we set out to determine whether sister neurons in individual radial clones form synapses with each other. Simultaneous whole-cell recordings were performed on two EGFPexpressing sister neurons in individual radial clones, the cell bodies of which were often more than 100 mm a ...
... actively form synapses, we set out to determine whether sister neurons in individual radial clones form synapses with each other. Simultaneous whole-cell recordings were performed on two EGFPexpressing sister neurons in individual radial clones, the cell bodies of which were often more than 100 mm a ...
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... Experiments in mammalian sensory cortex have shown that large populations of neurons can be substantially reorganized when required to learn novel stimuli and adapt to changing situations. The expression and implementation of this representational plasticity depends on the statistics of specific inpu ...
... Experiments in mammalian sensory cortex have shown that large populations of neurons can be substantially reorganized when required to learn novel stimuli and adapt to changing situations. The expression and implementation of this representational plasticity depends on the statistics of specific inpu ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... type of DA receptors are involved in the change in sensitivity of DA to synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons in striatal D2R-OE mice, we tested the effects of the D1/D5 agonist SKF-81297 on the evoked IPSC and EPSC trains in both transgenic and control mice. SKF-81297 is a highly D1-se ...
... type of DA receptors are involved in the change in sensitivity of DA to synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons in striatal D2R-OE mice, we tested the effects of the D1/D5 agonist SKF-81297 on the evoked IPSC and EPSC trains in both transgenic and control mice. SKF-81297 is a highly D1-se ...
Pharmacology 18a – Priciples of GABAergic Transmission
... GABA is stored in vesicles in nerve terminals (like any other neurotransmitter) and is released by exocytosis upon influx of calcium ions. GABA Receptors There are 2 types of GABA receptor: GABAA Generally POSTsynaptic When activated by GABA cause influx of Cl- ions This causes the cell to hyp ...
... GABA is stored in vesicles in nerve terminals (like any other neurotransmitter) and is released by exocytosis upon influx of calcium ions. GABA Receptors There are 2 types of GABA receptor: GABAA Generally POSTsynaptic When activated by GABA cause influx of Cl- ions This causes the cell to hyp ...
Simulation of signal flow in 3D reconstructions of an anatomically
... 3D density distributions of all neuron somata within the network of interest (left panel), definition of cell types and cell type borders (center panel) and representative samples of complete 3D dendrite–axon morphologies of all respective cell types (right panel). (b) Somata are placed within each ...
... 3D density distributions of all neuron somata within the network of interest (left panel), definition of cell types and cell type borders (center panel) and representative samples of complete 3D dendrite–axon morphologies of all respective cell types (right panel). (b) Somata are placed within each ...
GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE
... explain it35,37. Although the partially regenerative nature of the signal could involve the Ca2+-dependent activation of PLC, an alternative possibility is that an extracellular signal causes the receptor-dependent activation of PLC. Studies during the past few years have supported the involvement o ...
... explain it35,37. Although the partially regenerative nature of the signal could involve the Ca2+-dependent activation of PLC, an alternative possibility is that an extracellular signal causes the receptor-dependent activation of PLC. Studies during the past few years have supported the involvement o ...
The Cerebellum - krigolson teaching
... neurons such as cells of Lugaro, unipolar brush cells, and chandelier cells. The mossy fibers, one of the two principal afferent inputs to the cerebellum, terminate in this layer. The bulbous terminals of the mossy fibers excite granule cells and Golgi neurons in synaptic complexes called cerebellar ...
... neurons such as cells of Lugaro, unipolar brush cells, and chandelier cells. The mossy fibers, one of the two principal afferent inputs to the cerebellum, terminate in this layer. The bulbous terminals of the mossy fibers excite granule cells and Golgi neurons in synaptic complexes called cerebellar ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... sEPSCs frequency (2.8 0.5 vs. 1.8 0.46 Hz, n = 10) in recorded NTSVLM neurons, indicating a gliomodulation of glutamatergic currents. To verify the involvement of endogenous ATP a purinergic antagonist was used, which reduced the TS-eEPSCs amplitude ( 207 50 vs. 149 50 pA, n = 6), the sEPSCs ...
... sEPSCs frequency (2.8 0.5 vs. 1.8 0.46 Hz, n = 10) in recorded NTSVLM neurons, indicating a gliomodulation of glutamatergic currents. To verify the involvement of endogenous ATP a purinergic antagonist was used, which reduced the TS-eEPSCs amplitude ( 207 50 vs. 149 50 pA, n = 6), the sEPSCs ...
Expression of ml-m4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Proteins in
... and in disease. Although the mechanisms by which muscarinic receptors influence behavior are poorly understood, a wide variety of muscarinic effects have been identified in hippocampal neurons. These effects include activation of several second messenger cascades (McKinney, 1993), postsynaptic modul ...
... and in disease. Although the mechanisms by which muscarinic receptors influence behavior are poorly understood, a wide variety of muscarinic effects have been identified in hippocampal neurons. These effects include activation of several second messenger cascades (McKinney, 1993), postsynaptic modul ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
Gee JNeuro 2012 - Stanford University
... V pyramidal neurons that have thick apical tufts, prominent h-current, and subcortical projections. Within this subpopulation, the D2R agonist quinpirole elicits a novel afterdepolarization that generates voltage fluctuations and spiking for hundreds of milliseconds. Surprisingly, this afterdepolari ...
... V pyramidal neurons that have thick apical tufts, prominent h-current, and subcortical projections. Within this subpopulation, the D2R agonist quinpirole elicits a novel afterdepolarization that generates voltage fluctuations and spiking for hundreds of milliseconds. Surprisingly, this afterdepolari ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... knockout animals have disturbed neuronal plasticity manifest as a loss of long-term depression (10), late-onset dysmyelination (9), and increased susceptibility to ischemia (12). It is not known how GFAP deficiency causes these changes. Astrocytes are strongly coupled to one another by gap junctions ...
... knockout animals have disturbed neuronal plasticity manifest as a loss of long-term depression (10), late-onset dysmyelination (9), and increased susceptibility to ischemia (12). It is not known how GFAP deficiency causes these changes. Astrocytes are strongly coupled to one another by gap junctions ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... Heeger, 1997) and velocity tuning (Orban et al., 1985). Intracellularly recorded membrane potentials from directionally selective neurons stimulated with sinusoidally oscillating gratings at certain spatial phases are distinctly nonsinusoidal (Jagadeesh et al., 1993). The mechanisms responsible for ...
... Heeger, 1997) and velocity tuning (Orban et al., 1985). Intracellularly recorded membrane potentials from directionally selective neurons stimulated with sinusoidally oscillating gratings at certain spatial phases are distinctly nonsinusoidal (Jagadeesh et al., 1993). The mechanisms responsible for ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... Heeger, 1997) and velocity tuning (Orban et al., 1985). Intracellularly recorded membrane potentials from directionally selective neurons stimulated with sinusoidally oscillating gratings at certain spatial phases are distinctly nonsinusoidal (Jagadeesh et al., 1993). The mechanisms responsible for ...
... Heeger, 1997) and velocity tuning (Orban et al., 1985). Intracellularly recorded membrane potentials from directionally selective neurons stimulated with sinusoidally oscillating gratings at certain spatial phases are distinctly nonsinusoidal (Jagadeesh et al., 1993). The mechanisms responsible for ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... lacking any computational signi cance. Others have hypothesized that synapses which are strengthened at an early stage might be later revealed as harmful to overall memory function, when additional memories are stored. Thus, they claimed, synaptic elimination may reduce the interference between memo ...
... lacking any computational signi cance. Others have hypothesized that synapses which are strengthened at an early stage might be later revealed as harmful to overall memory function, when additional memories are stored. Thus, they claimed, synaptic elimination may reduce the interference between memo ...
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
... amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Motoneurons have been shown in various models to be more susceptible to AMPA receptormediated injury than other spinal neurons. It has been hypothesized that this selective vulnerability of motoneurons is caused by the expression of highly Ca 21-permeable AMPA receptor ...
... amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Motoneurons have been shown in various models to be more susceptible to AMPA receptormediated injury than other spinal neurons. It has been hypothesized that this selective vulnerability of motoneurons is caused by the expression of highly Ca 21-permeable AMPA receptor ...