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Integrating Environmental Accounting into AgTools
Integrating Environmental Accounting into AgTools

... fallow rotation, less than 12 inch precip. zone o Annual cropping vs. winter-wheat and summer fallow with and without climate change ...
Soil
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... different particles in a soil sample by establishing the point at which they are suspended in a tube filled with layers of liquid of different densities ...
Conservation Practices - Roberts Conservation District
Conservation Practices - Roberts Conservation District

... natural resources of our state. The benefits of using conservation practices include improving water quality, reducing erosion of soil resources, improving wildlife and fisheries habitat and increasing the vigor and productivity of cropland. By implementing conservation into a farming operation the ...
Chapter One
Chapter One

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Env Biology Learning Targets
Env Biology Learning Targets

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Diagnosing Saline and Sodic Soil Problems
Diagnosing Saline and Sodic Soil Problems

... the best way for an accurate diagnosis. When salinity is suspected from a high water table, you may be able to measure groundwater depth by boring holes with an auger. If free water collects in holes less than 4 to 5 feet deep, a drainage problem is indicated. Normally, high pH or basic soil doesn’t ...
Doc 7
Doc 7

...  Billions of different organisms from millions of species  Total weight of living organisms in the top six inches of an acre of soil can range from 5,000 pounds to as much as 20,000 pounds.  Soil from one spot may house a very different community from soil just a meter away, because of variations ...
CRS_Ch11 - earthjay science
CRS_Ch11 - earthjay science

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The key to soil quality and sustainable agriculture
The key to soil quality and sustainable agriculture

... those capable to mimic as close as possible natural soil conditions while producing food, feed, fibre and fuel. This means to establish and manage crops while disturbing the soil as least as possible, to maintain the soil permanently covered with plants or their residues and to allow for a diversity ...
Soil: Crucible of Life - American Society of Agronomy
Soil: Crucible of Life - American Society of Agronomy

Potential feedbacks between snow cover, soil moisture and surface
Potential feedbacks between snow cover, soil moisture and surface

... between latent and sensible heat fluxes. It further influences the water balance by changing the runoff and soil moisture. In a previous study, we identified southern Norway as a region where significant temperature changes in summer could potentially be explained by land-atmosphere interactions. In ...
Worm Castings Information and Instruction Sheet
Worm Castings Information and Instruction Sheet

... Earthworms as they cultivate and feed, swallow great quantities of soil, digest it, extract its food value and expel the residue as worm castings – these worm castings are 5 times richer in the nutrients necessary for maximum plant growth and production, than the top 6 inches of top soil. Just as im ...
Native Forestry on Unsuitable Cropping Land
Native Forestry on Unsuitable Cropping Land

... unsuitable cane lands for hardwood forestry. Just below this area, Max has completed a systems repair project on the O’Connell with re-vegetation to assist in stream bank stabilisation. The trial will be used to demonstrate the use of unsuitable cane lands for native forestry and to see which specie ...
The Soil Profile
The Soil Profile

... elsewhere, usually by wind or water, at different speeds • Climate: the amount, intensity, timing, and kind of precipitation that breaks down parts of ecosystem (i.e. rocks, trees) into soil • Topography: Slope and Aspect affect the angle of the land and position toward/away from the sun that soil w ...
Avocado - Hill Laboratories
Avocado - Hill Laboratories

... Zinc deficiencies affect young leaves. They tend to be small, narrow, chlorotic and often rosetted. Boron deficiencies may inhibit the elongation of growing shoots, giving rise to short internodes. Pollination and fruit set can be poor, and developing fruit shape may become distorted. Leaves become ...
HORTICULTURE_files/Unit 8
HORTICULTURE_files/Unit 8

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Introduction to Soils
Introduction to Soils

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Ground Improvement Trials
Ground Improvement Trials

Chile Pequin - Native Plant Society of Texas
Chile Pequin - Native Plant Society of Texas

... shrub with small, smooth, heart-shaped leaves. It blooms continuously throughout spring, summer, and fall and produces a profusion of small, very hot edible red peppers loved by many birds — especially our state bird, the mockingbird. It is often spread from seed, but is not invasive by any means. I ...
The influence of rock, forest community, and topographic position on
The influence of rock, forest community, and topographic position on

... the University of Pennsylvania for their logistical assistance and helping in collecting samples and the U.S. Forest Service for providing access to El Yunque National Park I Puerto Rico. Financial support was provided to SP from NSF DEB-0918387 and the Andrew Mellon Foundation. ...
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Soil Formation and Composition notes
Soil Formation and Composition notes

... when it is exposed at the surface to form the basic materials of soil. II. Soil Composition A. Soil is a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water. B. All soil is not the same – the type of rock particles and minerals in the soil depend on the bedrock that was wea ...
SOIL 205 – SPR 2013 Final Exam Study Topics SOIL
SOIL 205 – SPR 2013 Final Exam Study Topics SOIL

... –  saturation,  field  capacity,  wilting  point,  air  dry,  oven  dry  –  how  are  these  defined   and  what  is  their  practical  significance?   –  relationship  between  ψ,  soil  water  content,  texture  –  make  sure  you   ...
How is Soil Formed
How is Soil Formed

... students the pictures and explain to them that for the activity they are making a flipbook. They have to cut the pictures out and glue them beside the right description. Once the students have glued them they will fold down the center and cut in-between the descriptions. If students are done early t ...
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... Within the protocol there are four reference fields that have been identified that will be monitored annually. ...
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Tillage



Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. Examples of human-powered tilling methods using hand tools include shovelling, picking, mattock work, hoeing, and raking. Examples of draft-animal-powered or mechanized work include ploughing (overturning with moldboards or chiseling with chisel shanks), rototilling, rolling with cultipackers or other rollers, harrowing, and cultivating with cultivator shanks (teeth). Small-scale gardening and farming, for household food production or small business production, tends to use the smaller-scale methods above, whereas medium- to large-scale farming tends to use the larger-scale methods. There is a fluid continuum, however. Any type of gardening or farming, but especially larger-scale commercial types, may also use low-till or no-till methods as well.Tillage is often classified into two types, primary and secondary. There is no strict boundary between them so much as a loose distinction between tillage that is deeper and more thorough (primary) and tillage that is shallower and sometimes more selective of location (secondary). Primary tillage such as ploughing tends to produce a rough surface finish, whereas secondary tillage tends to produce a smoother surface finish, such as that required to make a good seedbed for many crops. Harrowing and rototilling often combine primary and secondary tillage into one operation.""Tillage"" can also mean the land that is tilled. The word ""cultivation"" has several senses that overlap substantially with those of ""tillage"". In a general context, both can refer to agriculture. Within agriculture, both can refer to any of the kinds of soil agitation described above. Additionally, ""cultivation"" or ""cultivating"" may refer to an even narrower sense of shallow, selective secondary tillage of row crop fields that kills weeds while sparing the crop plants.
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