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chickpea nitrogen fixation increases production of subsequent
chickpea nitrogen fixation increases production of subsequent

... chickpea N derived from nitrogen fixation (pfix). The pfix values by chickpea ranged from 7098%. The total N fixed by chickpea ranged from 64-103 kg N ha-1 in 996/97 and 138 kg ha-1 in 1997/98. After removal of above ground biomass of chickpea at harvest, the average N balance in our study was 38 kg ...
Paul Merriner
Paul Merriner

BEST FERNS FOR THE MID-SOUTH AREA By Christine
BEST FERNS FOR THE MID-SOUTH AREA By Christine

... Adiantum capillus-veneris (Southernmaidenhair)Beautifi.rlsoft fronds, black stems;grows best if there is lime in the soil which allows the plant to take up calcium. I plant it by a sidewalkor give it a few dolomite limestonepelletsor a little hydratedlime. Athyrium pycnocarpon.also Dip lazium pycnoc ...
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an

... increases in a given resource, reducing the availability of other resources (e.g., light, soil moisture), thus creating a barrier for successful colonization by exotics. This discrepancy among studies suggests that more experimental studies, coupled with observational studies across landscapes, are ...
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an

Microbial mobilization and immobilization of soil nitrogen
Microbial mobilization and immobilization of soil nitrogen

... kinetics are assumed, N immobilization rates can be expected to be higher in soils with high C content than in soils with low. Accordingly, Barret and Burke (2000) found that the C content alone could explain more than 60% of the variation in N immobilization at regional scales. The rate of N immobi ...
Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils
Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils

... four locations with four distinct contamination profiles in the field were monitored for three years (Chapter 3). The results showed that the earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa had higher biomass in clean locations, whereas Allolobophora chlorotica showed higher biomass in more humid and more ...
Ecological functions of earthworms in soil - Wageningen UR E
Ecological functions of earthworms in soil - Wageningen UR E

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... Step 1 - Determine one or more sites to establish the ginseng cultivation The choice of the site is extremely important. This step should be done carefully. It is particularly important to take into account site variability and plant only on micro-sites that meet the environmental requirements of th ...
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35 crop yields along the toposequence of terraced andosols in

... The principle objective of terracing is to reduce runoff and soil loss but it also contributes to increasing the soil moisture content through improved infiltration. A field experiment was conducted in Suswa, Narok County during the short and long rain seasons of 2013-2015 to assess the effect of te ...
Traditional agroforestry in the eastern Himalayan region
Traditional agroforestry in the eastern Himalayan region

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Predicting soil water repellency using hydrophobic organic

dasar ilmu tanah
dasar ilmu tanah

... 1. Most are DECOMPOSERS That consume simple carbon compounds, such as root exudates and fresh plant litter. By this process, bacteria convert energy in soil organic matter into forms useful to the rest of the organisms in the soil food web. A number of decomposers can break down pesticides and pollu ...
samson agro incorporator cm/cmx
samson agro incorporator cm/cmx

... Plant remains passes easier through the CMX incorporator due to the greater height under the frame. The organic material cannot build-up and under the frame. ...
Impacts of Urban Prairie Dogs on Soils in Boulder
Impacts of Urban Prairie Dogs on Soils in Boulder

... vulnerable to global climate change due to the fact the plants and terrestrial organisms in this region experience both water and temperature stresses near or at their physical tolerances for survival. Thus minor changes in the region’s average yearly temperature and precipitation or changes in the ...
Technical Digest - The National Lime Association
Technical Digest - The National Lime Association

... lime companies and from other publications. ...
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PDF

... seedling flat. The larger the sample, the more closely the observed weed emergence will reflect field weed seed bank status. Management of weed seed bank Soil and crop management: Reducing the input of seeds into seed bank is the most obvious way to reduce the weed seed bank. Any method that reduces ...
POTASSIUM - Agronomy - K
POTASSIUM - Agronomy - K

... Poor Soil Aeration. Poor soil aeration affects plant uptake of potassium more than uptake of most other nutrients. Minimum tillage systems, such as ridge till or no till, often accentuate potassium deficiency problems, presumably due to less aeration in these untilled soils. Another possible explana ...
AEN-124: Streambank Erosion
AEN-124: Streambank Erosion

... A live stake is a piece of live hardwood material from a woody species of plant. Live stakes are cut to specific lengths depending on soil and site conditions but should be at least 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) in diameter and 18 in. (46 cm) in length. When harvested, the plant material is usually in a dormant ...
Camellias in Leu Gardens
Camellias in Leu Gardens

... They need partial shade, particularly in the afternoon. Avoid full sun on the south or west side of a building or wall. Do not plant too deeply. The top of the root ball should be slightly above the ground level. That would be about an inch for a three-gallon plant. To prevent settling do not distur ...
BIODIVERSITY AND LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN
BIODIVERSITY AND LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN

... exploratory stage of experimental tests designed to determine if and how littermass loss and nutrient mineralization is changed in mixtures of different litter types. Only a few attempts have been made to identify the underlying mechanisms and to explain observed diversity effects. The data currentl ...
Pleached Trees
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... Pleach Frame Pleach Frame Pleach 3T Pleach 5T Box Pleach Box Pleach Box Pleach Pleach Frame Pleach 3T Box Pleach Pleach 4T Box Pleach Box Pleach Box Pleach ...
Iron Ochre And Related Sludge Deposits In Subsurface Drain Lines1
Iron Ochre And Related Sludge Deposits In Subsurface Drain Lines1

... reducing conditions influence ochre deposition, the problem must be subdivided into two main categories. One is a temporary problem called autochthone and the other a permanent clogging difficulty, technically called allochthone (meaning: of foreign origin). Temporary ochre as a clogging factor may ...
Soil macrofauna field manual – technical level
Soil macrofauna field manual – technical level

... set on the basis of economic goals rather than the capacity of the soil to withstand particular stresses. Conversely greater attention in agricultural systems to managing the soil biological processes, through providing a beneficial environment for soil macrofauna, can restore soil health and improv ...
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Tillage



Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. Examples of human-powered tilling methods using hand tools include shovelling, picking, mattock work, hoeing, and raking. Examples of draft-animal-powered or mechanized work include ploughing (overturning with moldboards or chiseling with chisel shanks), rototilling, rolling with cultipackers or other rollers, harrowing, and cultivating with cultivator shanks (teeth). Small-scale gardening and farming, for household food production or small business production, tends to use the smaller-scale methods above, whereas medium- to large-scale farming tends to use the larger-scale methods. There is a fluid continuum, however. Any type of gardening or farming, but especially larger-scale commercial types, may also use low-till or no-till methods as well.Tillage is often classified into two types, primary and secondary. There is no strict boundary between them so much as a loose distinction between tillage that is deeper and more thorough (primary) and tillage that is shallower and sometimes more selective of location (secondary). Primary tillage such as ploughing tends to produce a rough surface finish, whereas secondary tillage tends to produce a smoother surface finish, such as that required to make a good seedbed for many crops. Harrowing and rototilling often combine primary and secondary tillage into one operation.""Tillage"" can also mean the land that is tilled. The word ""cultivation"" has several senses that overlap substantially with those of ""tillage"". In a general context, both can refer to agriculture. Within agriculture, both can refer to any of the kinds of soil agitation described above. Additionally, ""cultivation"" or ""cultivating"" may refer to an even narrower sense of shallow, selective secondary tillage of row crop fields that kills weeds while sparing the crop plants.
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