Rapid evolution and the convergence of ecological and evolutionary
... of internal ecological dynamics. We then propose analytical methods for measuring these contributions in field situations, and apply them to two long-term data sets for which suitable ecological and evolutionary data exist. For both data sets relatively high rates of evolutionary change have been fo ...
... of internal ecological dynamics. We then propose analytical methods for measuring these contributions in field situations, and apply them to two long-term data sets for which suitable ecological and evolutionary data exist. For both data sets relatively high rates of evolutionary change have been fo ...
Ecological drivers of the Ediacaran
... extensive benthic and pelagic primary productivity, high mesozooplankton density and abundant fish stocks, to one dominated by jellyfish, ctenophores, pelagic microbes, and particulate organic carbon (Jackson 2001; Newell 1988, 2004; Ulanowicz and Tuttle 1992). The loss of the American oyster has pl ...
... extensive benthic and pelagic primary productivity, high mesozooplankton density and abundant fish stocks, to one dominated by jellyfish, ctenophores, pelagic microbes, and particulate organic carbon (Jackson 2001; Newell 1988, 2004; Ulanowicz and Tuttle 1992). The loss of the American oyster has pl ...
PDF
... as a sink for waste assimilation or as a source of amenity value. Traditional measures of economic activity such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP)1 generated via the existing System of National Accounts (SNA), are recognised as being inadequate in terms of accurately mea ...
... as a sink for waste assimilation or as a source of amenity value. Traditional measures of economic activity such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP)1 generated via the existing System of National Accounts (SNA), are recognised as being inadequate in terms of accurately mea ...
5.1.3 Net Price and User Cost Applications
... as a sink for waste assimilation or as a source of amenity value. Traditional measures of economic activity such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP)1 generated via the existing System of National Accounts (SNA), are recognised as being inadequate in terms of accurately mea ...
... as a sink for waste assimilation or as a source of amenity value. Traditional measures of economic activity such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP)1 generated via the existing System of National Accounts (SNA), are recognised as being inadequate in terms of accurately mea ...
Fates beyond traits - Redpath Museum
... of a few special cases? To address these questions, we reverse the traditional chain of causality. Instead of considering trait change as the consequence of ecological change, we consider it as the driver. This perspective is reflective of the emerging paradigm that eco-evolutionary dynamics are inh ...
... of a few special cases? To address these questions, we reverse the traditional chain of causality. Instead of considering trait change as the consequence of ecological change, we consider it as the driver. This perspective is reflective of the emerging paradigm that eco-evolutionary dynamics are inh ...
Introduction to Economics
... Economics is a science: Science is a structured body of knowledge that traces the relationship between cause and effect. Another attribute of science is that its phenomena should be open to measurement. Applying these characteristics, we find that economics is a branch of knowledge where the various ...
... Economics is a science: Science is a structured body of knowledge that traces the relationship between cause and effect. Another attribute of science is that its phenomena should be open to measurement. Applying these characteristics, we find that economics is a branch of knowledge where the various ...
Towards Good Governance for Sustainability
... Later, in 1986, religious scholars were tasked by the World Wildlife Fund International to formulate perspectives on their respective religions and the environment. The perspectives became known as the Assisi Declarations. The Muslim Declaration stated that, “Shari’ah should not be relegated just ...
... Later, in 1986, religious scholars were tasked by the World Wildlife Fund International to formulate perspectives on their respective religions and the environment. The perspectives became known as the Assisi Declarations. The Muslim Declaration stated that, “Shari’ah should not be relegated just ...
Ecological Restoration of Degraded Wetlands in China
... and the economy, as well as the stable and sustainable development. Wetland ecosystem restoration should focus on restoring ecosystems function rather than the simple recovery and reconstruction of the structure, especially for the disappeared wetlands. At the same time, the restoration of the wetla ...
... and the economy, as well as the stable and sustainable development. Wetland ecosystem restoration should focus on restoring ecosystems function rather than the simple recovery and reconstruction of the structure, especially for the disappeared wetlands. At the same time, the restoration of the wetla ...
Title Urban Ecosystem Services in New York City: A Social
... of the ecosystem. Biophysical approaches to ES valuation most often remain at the level of flow analysis (e.g. input-output, material flow) or as aggregated totals of production-consumption value collapsed into one variable (e.g. global acres and carrying capacity in ecological footprint analyses; ( ...
... of the ecosystem. Biophysical approaches to ES valuation most often remain at the level of flow analysis (e.g. input-output, material flow) or as aggregated totals of production-consumption value collapsed into one variable (e.g. global acres and carrying capacity in ecological footprint analyses; ( ...
Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring Plan
... » Despite their remoteness, Arctic ecosystems have a global influence and are under increasing pressure from threats within and outside northern latitudes. » Understanding Arctic ecosystem dynamics is complicated by a lack of coordinated long-term monitoring data from across the Arctic. » The CBMP-T ...
... » Despite their remoteness, Arctic ecosystems have a global influence and are under increasing pressure from threats within and outside northern latitudes. » Understanding Arctic ecosystem dynamics is complicated by a lack of coordinated long-term monitoring data from across the Arctic. » The CBMP-T ...
What is hidden behind the concept of ecosystem efficiency in energy
... and the effective connectance, m, with regard to a sample of 113 community webs reported in Briand and Cohen (1987). (ii) The above correlation is strengthened for a sub-sample of 36 aquatic community webs while, on the other hand, it is almost vanishing for a sub-sample of 21 terrestrial community ...
... and the effective connectance, m, with regard to a sample of 113 community webs reported in Briand and Cohen (1987). (ii) The above correlation is strengthened for a sub-sample of 36 aquatic community webs while, on the other hand, it is almost vanishing for a sub-sample of 21 terrestrial community ...
Entropy - The International Society for Ecological Economics
... In the analysis of economy-environment interactions, e.g. resource extraction, energy use, production, and generation of wastes, the entropy concept is most useful in its thermodynamic version. It can be applied to both microeconomic as well as macroeconomic processes. Thermodynamic entropy is a mea ...
... In the analysis of economy-environment interactions, e.g. resource extraction, energy use, production, and generation of wastes, the entropy concept is most useful in its thermodynamic version. It can be applied to both microeconomic as well as macroeconomic processes. Thermodynamic entropy is a mea ...
Reconciling behavioural and neoclassical economics - Hal-SHS
... The representation of the individual in economics as a rational homo œconomicus had been seriously questioned by the development of behavioural economics. Some authors nevertheless argue that economists do not need to produce complex models of human behaviour, since such investigation does not fall ...
... The representation of the individual in economics as a rational homo œconomicus had been seriously questioned by the development of behavioural economics. Some authors nevertheless argue that economists do not need to produce complex models of human behaviour, since such investigation does not fall ...
ppt
... 2) Rising energy prices, energy inefficiency and various opportunities for new forms for energy supply, 3) Accelerating integration in global economic competition and increasing related dependencies, 4) Impacts of enlargement on the economic, social and territorial cohesion – especially regarding in ...
... 2) Rising energy prices, energy inefficiency and various opportunities for new forms for energy supply, 3) Accelerating integration in global economic competition and increasing related dependencies, 4) Impacts of enlargement on the economic, social and territorial cohesion – especially regarding in ...
The Sustainable Biosphere Initiative: An Ecological Research
... of Earth's life support systems. This document is intended as a call-to-arms for all ecologists, but it also will serve as a means to communicate with individuals in other disciplines with whom ecologists must join forces to address our common predicament. Many of the environmental problems that cha ...
... of Earth's life support systems. This document is intended as a call-to-arms for all ecologists, but it also will serve as a means to communicate with individuals in other disciplines with whom ecologists must join forces to address our common predicament. Many of the environmental problems that cha ...
Restoration of Ecosystems
... • Context of rapidly changing environment • Jargon/terminology of ‘restoration’ – (reclamation, rehabilitation, revegetation) creates unrealistic expectations ...
... • Context of rapidly changing environment • Jargon/terminology of ‘restoration’ – (reclamation, rehabilitation, revegetation) creates unrealistic expectations ...
Mason, Michael, "Democratising Nature? The Political Morality of
... the more modest role for practical discourse is to unmask false claims to represent a general interest, thereby withdrawing legitimacy from the privileging of one party. However, procedures of compromise in environmental planning and management may be judged with criteria of fairness, even if an agr ...
... the more modest role for practical discourse is to unmask false claims to represent a general interest, thereby withdrawing legitimacy from the privileging of one party. However, procedures of compromise in environmental planning and management may be judged with criteria of fairness, even if an agr ...
406-01 Ecology Lecture
... WHY READ THE PRIMARY LITERATURE?: Ecologists study the natural world through observation and experimentation. By reading and discussing articles from the primary ecological literature, we examine how ecologists generate and interpret data, and contextualize their own work within a larger conceptu ...
... WHY READ THE PRIMARY LITERATURE?: Ecologists study the natural world through observation and experimentation. By reading and discussing articles from the primary ecological literature, we examine how ecologists generate and interpret data, and contextualize their own work within a larger conceptu ...
4.2 Strong Sustainability and Critical Natural Capital.
... economic goods. The biosphere as a habitat and life-support system is a finite, and in many respects destructible, reservoir of natural capital. Estimating the severity of trade-offs, and the redistribution of economic opportunities, access to environmental benefits, financial and ecological costs, ...
... economic goods. The biosphere as a habitat and life-support system is a finite, and in many respects destructible, reservoir of natural capital. Estimating the severity of trade-offs, and the redistribution of economic opportunities, access to environmental benefits, financial and ecological costs, ...
Ecosystem Services and Beyond: Using Multiple
... improve environmental decisions because of the power dynamics between individuals and institutions. Some metaphors are likely to receive more attention than others for a variety of reasons, and these will probably dominate environmental decisionmaking in that domain, even if the popular metaphors ar ...
... improve environmental decisions because of the power dynamics between individuals and institutions. Some metaphors are likely to receive more attention than others for a variety of reasons, and these will probably dominate environmental decisionmaking in that domain, even if the popular metaphors ar ...
Ecosystem Goods and Services
... There is also a lack of data for the process of decision making: most decisions in which trade-offs in ecosystem services are involved are based on incomplete information, leading to non-sustainable developments. Often the economic and social costs of non-sustainable ecosystem use are only realized ...
... There is also a lack of data for the process of decision making: most decisions in which trade-offs in ecosystem services are involved are based on incomplete information, leading to non-sustainable developments. Often the economic and social costs of non-sustainable ecosystem use are only realized ...
Brief - nerc-bess
... function, but with different responses to environmental changes, then the dominant species performing a particular function could switch. This is often described as the ‘insurance effect’ provided by biodiversity. Ellen Fry and colleagues found that having plant species with varying traits increases ...
... function, but with different responses to environmental changes, then the dominant species performing a particular function could switch. This is often described as the ‘insurance effect’ provided by biodiversity. Ellen Fry and colleagues found that having plant species with varying traits increases ...
2.2 Measuring abiotic components of the system
... The emphasis will be on ecosystems but some mention should be made of economic, social and value systems. The range must include a small-scale local ecosystem, a large ecosystem such as a biome, and Gaia as an example of a global ecosystem. ...
... The emphasis will be on ecosystems but some mention should be made of economic, social and value systems. The range must include a small-scale local ecosystem, a large ecosystem such as a biome, and Gaia as an example of a global ecosystem. ...
Effects of offshore wind turbine foundations on mobile
... Large individuals exclusively inhabit the bottom area! Large numbers of small individuals inhabit the upper sections! Upper sections functioning as larvae collectors, increasing production?! StUKplus Conference - Ecological Research at alpha ventus │Berlin ...
... Large individuals exclusively inhabit the bottom area! Large numbers of small individuals inhabit the upper sections! Upper sections functioning as larvae collectors, increasing production?! StUKplus Conference - Ecological Research at alpha ventus │Berlin ...
Ecological economics
Ecological economics/eco-economics refers to both a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of academic research that aims to address the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems over time and space. It is distinguished from environmental economics, which is the mainstream economic analysis of the environment, by its treatment of the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem and its emphasis upon preserving natural capital. One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought, with ecological economists emphasizing strong sustainability and rejecting the proposition that natural capital can be substituted by human-made capital.Ecological economics was founded as a modern movement in the works of and interactions between various European and American academics (see the section on history and development below). The related field of green economics is, in general, a more politically applied form of the subject.According to ecological economist Malte Faber, ecological economics is defined by its focus on nature, justice, and time. Issues of intergenerational equity, irreversibility of environmental change, uncertainty of long-term outcomes, and sustainable development guide ecological economic analysis and valuation. Ecological economists have questioned fundamental mainstream economic approaches such as cost-benefit analysis, and the separability of economic values from scientific research, contending that economics is unavoidably normative rather than positive (i.e. descriptive). Positional analysis, which attempts to incorporate time and justice issues, is proposed as an alternative. Ecological economics shares many of its perspectives with feminist economics, including the focus on sustainability, nature, justice and care values.