Introduction to Landscape Ecology
... Because all of the components of the web of spatial interactions shown in (a) may change with changes in scale, the resulting ecological patterns and processes that we study and attempt to manage will probably differ among different space‐time scaling domains ...
... Because all of the components of the web of spatial interactions shown in (a) may change with changes in scale, the resulting ecological patterns and processes that we study and attempt to manage will probably differ among different space‐time scaling domains ...
ECOLOGICAL MECHANISMS LINKING PROTECTED AREAS TO
... areas, resulting in changes in ecological function and biodiversity within protected areas. Recent satellite-based change analyses are revealing that human populations and intense land use have grown rapidly in recent decades around many protected areas (Hansen et al. 2004). In the tropics, road con ...
... areas, resulting in changes in ecological function and biodiversity within protected areas. Recent satellite-based change analyses are revealing that human populations and intense land use have grown rapidly in recent decades around many protected areas (Hansen et al. 2004). In the tropics, road con ...
Circular flow and quantitative elements
... Scarcity exists because we have limited resources with which to satisfy unlimited needs and wants. Economic efficiency occurs when we make the best use of our resources to produce goods and services. Microeconomics studies the individual parts of the economy. Macroeconomics studies the functioning o ...
... Scarcity exists because we have limited resources with which to satisfy unlimited needs and wants. Economic efficiency occurs when we make the best use of our resources to produce goods and services. Microeconomics studies the individual parts of the economy. Macroeconomics studies the functioning o ...
Special Feature - Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
... Ecosystems are, of course, more than just embodiments of organic–inorganic matter cycling and energy flow. All told, anywhere from 1 3 107 to 1 3 108 species are found among the earth’s ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether such phenomenal diversity is essential to ecosystem processes. For e ...
... Ecosystems are, of course, more than just embodiments of organic–inorganic matter cycling and energy flow. All told, anywhere from 1 3 107 to 1 3 108 species are found among the earth’s ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether such phenomenal diversity is essential to ecosystem processes. For e ...
Break Even - Fast Easy Accounting
... the income statement that has been reformatted to group together a business's fixed and variable costs. Contribution is different from gross margin in that a contribution calculation seeks to separate out variable costs (included in the contribution calculation) from fixed costs (not included in the ...
... the income statement that has been reformatted to group together a business's fixed and variable costs. Contribution is different from gross margin in that a contribution calculation seeks to separate out variable costs (included in the contribution calculation) from fixed costs (not included in the ...
Schumpeter and the Evolutionary Economics: Three Conceptual
... stands at the center of heated controversies, both in natural and social sciences, economics being no exception. This is quite natural because Darwinism suggests an overall evolutionary approach, a full-blown scientific paradigm, so important that it should not be limited to biology only (Hodgson 20 ...
... stands at the center of heated controversies, both in natural and social sciences, economics being no exception. This is quite natural because Darwinism suggests an overall evolutionary approach, a full-blown scientific paradigm, so important that it should not be limited to biology only (Hodgson 20 ...
Applied Mainline Economics - FA Hayek Program
... per capita GDP, controlling for other factors, such as geography or institutions.25 Because human systems are so complex and other factors almost always matter, regression analysis has become an indispensable tool in quantitative economic analysis. But simple regression analysis is not perfect. It r ...
... per capita GDP, controlling for other factors, such as geography or institutions.25 Because human systems are so complex and other factors almost always matter, regression analysis has become an indispensable tool in quantitative economic analysis. But simple regression analysis is not perfect. It r ...
生態學 - 國立臺南大學
... • The primitive humans must have been ecologists of sorts – driven by the need to understand where and when their food and their enemies were to be found. (applied ecologists). ...
... • The primitive humans must have been ecologists of sorts – driven by the need to understand where and when their food and their enemies were to be found. (applied ecologists). ...
Marine Ecological Restoration - sfile.f
... Session IV - Marine Restoration: Ecological aspects - Targets and indicators of effective ecological restoration projects (Daniel reed) - Evaluation of restoration practices (Graham Edgar) - Fishery restoration and fish stock enhancement (Peter Nelson) - Using ecological principles to inform rest ...
... Session IV - Marine Restoration: Ecological aspects - Targets and indicators of effective ecological restoration projects (Daniel reed) - Evaluation of restoration practices (Graham Edgar) - Fishery restoration and fish stock enhancement (Peter Nelson) - Using ecological principles to inform rest ...
Landscape Ecology www.AssignmentPoint.com Landscape ecology
... Topological ecology at the landscape level of biological organisation (e.g. Urban et al): On the basis of ecological hierarchy theory, it is presupposed that nature is working at multiple scales and has different levels of organisation which are part of a rate-structured, nested hierarchy. Specifi ...
... Topological ecology at the landscape level of biological organisation (e.g. Urban et al): On the basis of ecological hierarchy theory, it is presupposed that nature is working at multiple scales and has different levels of organisation which are part of a rate-structured, nested hierarchy. Specifi ...
Slide 1
... be affected by changes in cultural services as, for example, when their loss contributes to the weakening of social relations in a community. These changes in turn affect material well-being, health, freedom and choice and good social relations. Human well-being can be enhanced through sustainable h ...
... be affected by changes in cultural services as, for example, when their loss contributes to the weakening of social relations in a community. These changes in turn affect material well-being, health, freedom and choice and good social relations. Human well-being can be enhanced through sustainable h ...
When Good Animals Love Bad Habitats: Ecological Traps and the
... which it is negative. The fourth (Kristan 2003) models a landscape containing a continuum of habitats spanning a range of quality and attractiveness and operates in continuous time. Taken together, ecological trap models yield the following conclusions. (1) Ecological traps usually lead to populatio ...
... which it is negative. The fourth (Kristan 2003) models a landscape containing a continuum of habitats spanning a range of quality and attractiveness and operates in continuous time. Taken together, ecological trap models yield the following conclusions. (1) Ecological traps usually lead to populatio ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function
... particular year, often differ from those that control processes in other locations or years ...
... particular year, often differ from those that control processes in other locations or years ...
resolving ecological questions through meta
... a function of system traits (e.g., how the effect of competition varies across productivity gradients; see The right metric depends on the underlying dynamics, below). Level III: functional variation.—Ecological systems might be sufficiently distinct that their dynamics cannot be accounted for only ...
... a function of system traits (e.g., how the effect of competition varies across productivity gradients; see The right metric depends on the underlying dynamics, below). Level III: functional variation.—Ecological systems might be sufficiently distinct that their dynamics cannot be accounted for only ...
Ecosystem Services
... fluctuations in water from streams used for irrigation, we can be better prepared by collecting water or improving irrigation management. However, decisions about using ecosystems services are made in specific social or political contexts. The researchers suggest this context as well as the characte ...
... fluctuations in water from streams used for irrigation, we can be better prepared by collecting water or improving irrigation management. However, decisions about using ecosystems services are made in specific social or political contexts. The researchers suggest this context as well as the characte ...
Slide 1
... Disturbance & Ecological Succession A brief history of observations and ideas… F. Clements (1916, 1928) – radical, “superorganism” view of communities; species interact to promote a directed pattern of community development through “seral” stages, ending in a “climax” community H. Gleason (1926, 19 ...
... Disturbance & Ecological Succession A brief history of observations and ideas… F. Clements (1916, 1928) – radical, “superorganism” view of communities; species interact to promote a directed pattern of community development through “seral” stages, ending in a “climax” community H. Gleason (1926, 19 ...
Ecosystem Management: Tomorrow`s Approach to
... to increase yield. At the same time, trade liberalization policies that have not necessarily supported localized food production or recognized the contribution of small farms to economic development [5]. Compounding this is the need for societal and political adjustment to mitigate against, and adap ...
... to increase yield. At the same time, trade liberalization policies that have not necessarily supported localized food production or recognized the contribution of small farms to economic development [5]. Compounding this is the need for societal and political adjustment to mitigate against, and adap ...
biod10
... of and supervising the ecosystem, that is simple enough, but why does the ecosystem need managing. It seems to have done rather well for itself over the last billion years. The answer is simple; we want to use the ecosystem’s resources and still have them available to us in the future. Indeed, we ha ...
... of and supervising the ecosystem, that is simple enough, but why does the ecosystem need managing. It seems to have done rather well for itself over the last billion years. The answer is simple; we want to use the ecosystem’s resources and still have them available to us in the future. Indeed, we ha ...
Ecological Inventory of Queensborough, City of New Westminster
... areas of natural land cover in the region; and (3) ‘habitat connectivity’ which indicates the relative ability of wildlife and other species to move through the landscape. These maps indicate that Queensborough supports relatively low biodiversity value even in the context of the developed porti ...
... areas of natural land cover in the region; and (3) ‘habitat connectivity’ which indicates the relative ability of wildlife and other species to move through the landscape. These maps indicate that Queensborough supports relatively low biodiversity value even in the context of the developed porti ...
Proposed structure of synthese paper
... Stresses, such as climate change, the recent global financial crisis or globalization, ...
... Stresses, such as climate change, the recent global financial crisis or globalization, ...
PDF
... of humanity, the notion that human ingenuity would save the day also has a long history. Condorcet wrote in 1795 (1955) that …nature has set no term to the perfection of human faculties; …the perfectibility of man is truly indefinite; …the progress of this perfectibility, from now onwards independen ...
... of humanity, the notion that human ingenuity would save the day also has a long history. Condorcet wrote in 1795 (1955) that …nature has set no term to the perfection of human faculties; …the perfectibility of man is truly indefinite; …the progress of this perfectibility, from now onwards independen ...
PDF
... Even if many EKC empirical findings have emphasised the role of income elasticity of environmental quality demand, in most cases the progress towards environmental protection has been mainly achieved due to institutional reforms and the existence of a democratic government, where the rule of law has ...
... Even if many EKC empirical findings have emphasised the role of income elasticity of environmental quality demand, in most cases the progress towards environmental protection has been mainly achieved due to institutional reforms and the existence of a democratic government, where the rule of law has ...
Soft-bottom intertidal ecosystems shaped by ecosystem engineers
... small-scale facilitation and long-range inhibition of organisms through ecosystem engineering and competition respectively, can generate large-scale spatial patterns in ecosystems (Rietkerk and van de Koppel 2008 and references therein). In contrast, an opposite interplay between local competition a ...
... small-scale facilitation and long-range inhibition of organisms through ecosystem engineering and competition respectively, can generate large-scale spatial patterns in ecosystems (Rietkerk and van de Koppel 2008 and references therein). In contrast, an opposite interplay between local competition a ...
Ecology and Evolution 5(1)
... Establishment of a new phenotype within a community requires that a population maintain a viable population size in the face of both abiotic conditions and interspecific interactions experienced within the community. We use the term “new phenotype” to refer to a population possessing a phenotype not ...
... Establishment of a new phenotype within a community requires that a population maintain a viable population size in the face of both abiotic conditions and interspecific interactions experienced within the community. We use the term “new phenotype” to refer to a population possessing a phenotype not ...
The Science of Ecology for a Sustainable World
... “the manifold and complex relations subsisting between the plants and animals that form one community.” Warming emphasized the environmental context in which plant communities are formed, and the role of factors such as temperature, moisture, and soil composition in determining their expansion or de ...
... “the manifold and complex relations subsisting between the plants and animals that form one community.” Warming emphasized the environmental context in which plant communities are formed, and the role of factors such as temperature, moisture, and soil composition in determining their expansion or de ...
Ecological economics
Ecological economics/eco-economics refers to both a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of academic research that aims to address the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems over time and space. It is distinguished from environmental economics, which is the mainstream economic analysis of the environment, by its treatment of the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem and its emphasis upon preserving natural capital. One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought, with ecological economists emphasizing strong sustainability and rejecting the proposition that natural capital can be substituted by human-made capital.Ecological economics was founded as a modern movement in the works of and interactions between various European and American academics (see the section on history and development below). The related field of green economics is, in general, a more politically applied form of the subject.According to ecological economist Malte Faber, ecological economics is defined by its focus on nature, justice, and time. Issues of intergenerational equity, irreversibility of environmental change, uncertainty of long-term outcomes, and sustainable development guide ecological economic analysis and valuation. Ecological economists have questioned fundamental mainstream economic approaches such as cost-benefit analysis, and the separability of economic values from scientific research, contending that economics is unavoidably normative rather than positive (i.e. descriptive). Positional analysis, which attempts to incorporate time and justice issues, is proposed as an alternative. Ecological economics shares many of its perspectives with feminist economics, including the focus on sustainability, nature, justice and care values.