Christof Koch, , 96 (1999); DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5411.96
... on) from a noisy, nonstationary, and often unpredictable environment. Brains control and coordinate movements of jointed (limbs) as well as soft (tongues) appendages, form memories with lifetimes that can well exceed those of the molecules holding them, and construct implicit and explicit models of ...
... on) from a noisy, nonstationary, and often unpredictable environment. Brains control and coordinate movements of jointed (limbs) as well as soft (tongues) appendages, form memories with lifetimes that can well exceed those of the molecules holding them, and construct implicit and explicit models of ...
Enlightenment - The Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
... complex brain functions. By linking individual neurons and specific patterns of activity to network dynamics, and then linking these elements to complex tasks such as perception or learning and memory, optogenetics should make it possible to understand the brain in unprecedented detail. Many other b ...
... complex brain functions. By linking individual neurons and specific patterns of activity to network dynamics, and then linking these elements to complex tasks such as perception or learning and memory, optogenetics should make it possible to understand the brain in unprecedented detail. Many other b ...
Evidence for a modulatory effect of sulbutiamine on
... chronic change in the cortical dopaminergic transmission induced by sulbutiamine. Thus, the changes in density of kainate receptor in the cortex lead to suggest that sulbutiamine and/or its metabolites may modulate the cortical glutamatergic transmission. In fact, the rapid decrease observed immedia ...
... chronic change in the cortical dopaminergic transmission induced by sulbutiamine. Thus, the changes in density of kainate receptor in the cortex lead to suggest that sulbutiamine and/or its metabolites may modulate the cortical glutamatergic transmission. In fact, the rapid decrease observed immedia ...
Ne_plas_cause
... visual, auditory and olfactory) signals that regulate social behavior, or relate then to their own affective states (moods), which regulate approach to or avoidance of other members of the group and are thus the building blocks of social interactions. They avoid other members of the group and seem a ...
... visual, auditory and olfactory) signals that regulate social behavior, or relate then to their own affective states (moods), which regulate approach to or avoidance of other members of the group and are thus the building blocks of social interactions. They avoid other members of the group and seem a ...
Philosophy of the spike
... Implication: spike trains are realizations of independent random processes, with a source of stochasticity entirely intrinsic to the neuron. ...
... Implication: spike trains are realizations of independent random processes, with a source of stochasticity entirely intrinsic to the neuron. ...
Plasticity and nativism: Towards a resolution of
... events [1], keep track of objects that they cannot see [2, 3], discern abstract patterns in artificial languages [4, 5], and discriminate between unfamiliar languages that have different rhythmic properties [6]. In keeping with views advanced by Chomsky [7] and Fodor [8], “nativist” researchers such ...
... events [1], keep track of objects that they cannot see [2, 3], discern abstract patterns in artificial languages [4, 5], and discriminate between unfamiliar languages that have different rhythmic properties [6]. In keeping with views advanced by Chomsky [7] and Fodor [8], “nativist” researchers such ...
Plasticity and nativism: Towards a resolution of
... events [1], keep track of objects that they cannot see [2, 3], discern abstract patterns in artificial languages [4, 5], and discriminate between unfamiliar languages that have different rhythmic properties [6]. In keeping with views advanced by Chomsky [7] and Fodor [8], “nativist” researchers such ...
... events [1], keep track of objects that they cannot see [2, 3], discern abstract patterns in artificial languages [4, 5], and discriminate between unfamiliar languages that have different rhythmic properties [6]. In keeping with views advanced by Chomsky [7] and Fodor [8], “nativist” researchers such ...
A Gaussian Approach to Neural Nets with Multiple Memory Domains
... afferent fibres, receiving through it sustained inputs from another netlet of A neurons having the same structure. The dynamic variable of interest is the level of activity a n , i.e. the fractional number of neurons in the netlet that are active at time t n . We denote with the fraction of e ...
... afferent fibres, receiving through it sustained inputs from another netlet of A neurons having the same structure. The dynamic variable of interest is the level of activity a n , i.e. the fractional number of neurons in the netlet that are active at time t n . We denote with the fraction of e ...
SPP 1665: Resolving and manipulating neuronal networks in the
... http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706061 Abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh) modulates neuronal network activities implicated in cognition, including theta and gamma oscillations but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Joint measurements of cholinergic activity and neuronal network dynamics with h ...
... http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706061 Abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh) modulates neuronal network activities implicated in cognition, including theta and gamma oscillations but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Joint measurements of cholinergic activity and neuronal network dynamics with h ...
Science of Self Awareness and Foundation of Memory
... what form does the neurotransmitter register in the brain? In other words, what is the true nature of "Memory"? In human brain, the memory capacity is the ability to store and recollect information and experiences. Since last century, scientists have formulated multimodal theories on Memory. Studies ...
... what form does the neurotransmitter register in the brain? In other words, what is the true nature of "Memory"? In human brain, the memory capacity is the ability to store and recollect information and experiences. Since last century, scientists have formulated multimodal theories on Memory. Studies ...
From autism to ADHD: computational simulations
... • MNS: observing action elicits similar motor activations as if it had been performed by oneself; visuo-motor neurons. • This helps to understand actions of others, modeling behavior via embodied simulation of their actions, intentions, and emotions. • MNS theory of autism (Williams et al, 2001): di ...
... • MNS: observing action elicits similar motor activations as if it had been performed by oneself; visuo-motor neurons. • This helps to understand actions of others, modeling behavior via embodied simulation of their actions, intentions, and emotions. • MNS theory of autism (Williams et al, 2001): di ...
Introductory chapter
... features, their color, depth, and so on. By analogy with the Adrian-Hartline observations on spike rate as a function of stimulus intensity, one can plot the responses of a visual neuron as a function of these multiple parameters. This leads to the notion of feature selectivity, in which the cell's ...
... features, their color, depth, and so on. By analogy with the Adrian-Hartline observations on spike rate as a function of stimulus intensity, one can plot the responses of a visual neuron as a function of these multiple parameters. This leads to the notion of feature selectivity, in which the cell's ...
Neuroscience and Behavior (The Brain)
... The cerebral cortex • There has also been a cortical area identified that specializes in receiving information from the skin senses and from the movement of body parts • Sensory cortex- the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations • Stimulate a part of th ...
... The cerebral cortex • There has also been a cortical area identified that specializes in receiving information from the skin senses and from the movement of body parts • Sensory cortex- the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations • Stimulate a part of th ...
Annotated Bibliography Ferdinando A. Mussa
... This review focuses on the following challenges: establishing a ‘closed-loop’ interaction between sensory input and motor output, and controlling neural plasticity to achieve the desired behavior of the Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) system. The authors discuss many of the different clinical applicat ...
... This review focuses on the following challenges: establishing a ‘closed-loop’ interaction between sensory input and motor output, and controlling neural plasticity to achieve the desired behavior of the Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) system. The authors discuss many of the different clinical applicat ...
CLOsed-loop Neural prostheses for vestibular disorderS
... Artificial system attached to the head that mimics the function of the natural vestibular system ...
... Artificial system attached to the head that mimics the function of the natural vestibular system ...
Chapter 13- The neural crest
... Kallmann syndrome- an infertile man with lack of smell Reason- a single protein directs migration of both __________ axons and _______________ nerve cells 4. ___________a. _______ (recall Fig 13.4) – Growth cones contain Eph _______- binding prevents migration into undesirable areas b. ___________ p ...
... Kallmann syndrome- an infertile man with lack of smell Reason- a single protein directs migration of both __________ axons and _______________ nerve cells 4. ___________a. _______ (recall Fig 13.4) – Growth cones contain Eph _______- binding prevents migration into undesirable areas b. ___________ p ...
Elucidating Regulatory Networks in Nervous System Developmen
... Elucidating Regulatory Networks in Nervous System Development • How do embryonic cells acquire the ability to form different regions of the neural ectoderm? • How are embryonic neural stem cells established? ...
... Elucidating Regulatory Networks in Nervous System Development • How do embryonic cells acquire the ability to form different regions of the neural ectoderm? • How are embryonic neural stem cells established? ...
Neural Network
... As you read these words you are using a complex biological neural network. You have a highly interconnected set of 1011 neurons to facilitate your reading, breathing, motion and thinking. In the artificial neural network, the neurons are not biological. They are extremely simple abstractions of biol ...
... As you read these words you are using a complex biological neural network. You have a highly interconnected set of 1011 neurons to facilitate your reading, breathing, motion and thinking. In the artificial neural network, the neurons are not biological. They are extremely simple abstractions of biol ...
Signal acquisition and analysis for cortical control of neuroprosthetics
... enough information about the intended target for accurate prediction. However, when the same animal made similar target-directed cursor movements using its brain signals directly, the visual feedback of the braincontrolled cursors enabled the animal to learn to modulate its recorded signals more eff ...
... enough information about the intended target for accurate prediction. However, when the same animal made similar target-directed cursor movements using its brain signals directly, the visual feedback of the braincontrolled cursors enabled the animal to learn to modulate its recorded signals more eff ...
2016 department of medicine research day
... ~140% (0.33±0.08 to 0.79±0.19 impulses/sec, p=0.001). The neural response to LAD CAO was suppressed by SCS (0.85±0.3 to 0.11±0.4, p=0.03) or VNS (0.74±0.26 to 0.11±0.05, p=0.03). Nodose neural activity increased progressively with VNS current from 1 to 5 mA (0.2±0.1 to 0.69±0.1 impulses/sec, p=0.005 ...
... ~140% (0.33±0.08 to 0.79±0.19 impulses/sec, p=0.001). The neural response to LAD CAO was suppressed by SCS (0.85±0.3 to 0.11±0.4, p=0.03) or VNS (0.74±0.26 to 0.11±0.05, p=0.03). Nodose neural activity increased progressively with VNS current from 1 to 5 mA (0.2±0.1 to 0.69±0.1 impulses/sec, p=0.005 ...
Neural computations that underlie decisions about sensory stimuli
... light, with some values being more likely than others when light is present (see Box 1). How do you use the value from the detector to decide if the light was present? This problem consists of deciding which hypothesis – light is present (h1) or light is absent (h2) – is most likely to be true given ...
... light, with some values being more likely than others when light is present (see Box 1). How do you use the value from the detector to decide if the light was present? This problem consists of deciding which hypothesis – light is present (h1) or light is absent (h2) – is most likely to be true given ...
Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity
... of Wnt, FGF, and BMP’s induces formation of Slug and Rho B proteins slug – dissociation of tight junctions, loss of N-cadherin Rho B – promotes actin polymerization into microfilaments ...
... of Wnt, FGF, and BMP’s induces formation of Slug and Rho B proteins slug – dissociation of tight junctions, loss of N-cadherin Rho B – promotes actin polymerization into microfilaments ...
Neural Networks - School of Computer Science
... biological neural networks and most of the advanced neural networks. Massively parallel computation. Adaptation to changing environment, and emergence of “intelligent” information processing functions by selforganisation, in response to data. ...
... biological neural networks and most of the advanced neural networks. Massively parallel computation. Adaptation to changing environment, and emergence of “intelligent” information processing functions by selforganisation, in response to data. ...
Central adrenergic receptor changes in the
... on the target cells. One possibility which may account for this observation is that despite the increased number of NE axons in the hippocampus and cerebellum, the neuronal activity of the LC neurons projecting to these regions might be less than expected. This possibility, however, is tinlikely, be ...
... on the target cells. One possibility which may account for this observation is that despite the increased number of NE axons in the hippocampus and cerebellum, the neuronal activity of the LC neurons projecting to these regions might be less than expected. This possibility, however, is tinlikely, be ...
Neural binding
Neural binding refers to the neuroscientific aspect of what is commonly known as the binding problem. The Binding Problem is an interdisciplinary term, named for the difficulty of creating a comprehensive and verifiable model for the unity of consciousness. ""Binding"" refers to the integration of highly diverse neural information in the forming of one's cohesive experience. The neural binding hypothesis states that neural signals are paired through synchronized oscillations of neuronal activity that combine and recombine to allow for a wide variety of responses to context-dependent stimuli. These dynamic neural networks are thought to account for the flexibility and nuanced response of the brain to various situations. The coupling of these networks is transient, on the order of milliseconds, and allows for rapid activity.A viable mechanism for this phenomenon must address (1) the difficulties of reconciling the global nature of the participating (exogenous) signals and their relevant (endogenous) associations, (2) the interface between lower perceptual processes and higher cognitive processes, (3) the identification of signals (sometimes referred to as “tagging”) as they are processed and routed throughout the brain, and (4) the emergence of a unity of consciousness.Proposed adaptive functions of neural binding have included the avoidance of hallucinatory phenomena generated by endogenous patterns alone as well as the avoidance of behavior driven by involuntary action alone.There are several difficulties that must be addressed in this model. First, it must provide a mechanism for the integration of signals across different brain regions (both cortical and subcortical). It must also be able to explain the simultaneous processing of unrelated signals that are held separate from one another and integrated signals that must be viewed as a whole.