Detection and Control of Epidemic Meningococcal Disease
... concurrent URI (more studies needed) nutritional status Infection with HIV apparently not risk factor for infection during epidemics of serogroup A meningococcal disease ...
... concurrent URI (more studies needed) nutritional status Infection with HIV apparently not risk factor for infection during epidemics of serogroup A meningococcal disease ...
the top ten causes of death
... diarrhoeal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth together continue to be leading causes of death, claiming the lives of both infants and mothers. ...
... diarrhoeal diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth together continue to be leading causes of death, claiming the lives of both infants and mothers. ...
Introduction
... Interest in a safe smallpox vaccine has been reawakened with the threat of bioterrorism [7, 8] and continuous outbreaks of orthopoxvirus diseases [9, 10]. A live VV-based vaccine has been used to eventually eradicate smallpox disease [11, 12] but does display side effects [13]. While one approach fo ...
... Interest in a safe smallpox vaccine has been reawakened with the threat of bioterrorism [7, 8] and continuous outbreaks of orthopoxvirus diseases [9, 10]. A live VV-based vaccine has been used to eventually eradicate smallpox disease [11, 12] but does display side effects [13]. While one approach fo ...
Lesson 1: The Immune System - Lecture Notes | Vaccine Education
... • Activate B cells to produce antibodies. • Activate macrophages to destroy antigens that have been tagged by antibodies. • Kill our own cells that are infected with viruses or other intracellular pathogens. b. B cells: B lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow. The primary role of B cells is to ...
... • Activate B cells to produce antibodies. • Activate macrophages to destroy antigens that have been tagged by antibodies. • Kill our own cells that are infected with viruses or other intracellular pathogens. b. B cells: B lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow. The primary role of B cells is to ...
To view Press Release as PDF
... widespread interest in recent months. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Merck & Co Inc. both announced in May that immunotherapeutic drugs they are developing can dramatically influence the course of disease in cancer patients. (View announcements: BMS and Merck.) As the incidence of cancer rises wor ...
... widespread interest in recent months. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Merck & Co Inc. both announced in May that immunotherapeutic drugs they are developing can dramatically influence the course of disease in cancer patients. (View announcements: BMS and Merck.) As the incidence of cancer rises wor ...
ALS (Lou Gehrig`s Disease)
... usually muscle weakness leading to twitching, cramping, and stiffness. Later on the patient experiences slurred speech and difficulty swallowing. Eventually the rib cage weakens, which affects breathing. Finally, most patients die of respiratory failure or pneumonia, not ALS itself. Today, there is ...
... usually muscle weakness leading to twitching, cramping, and stiffness. Later on the patient experiences slurred speech and difficulty swallowing. Eventually the rib cage weakens, which affects breathing. Finally, most patients die of respiratory failure or pneumonia, not ALS itself. Today, there is ...
Women Advancing Mathematical Biology: Understanding Complex
... Co-Leader: Gaby Hamerlinck, Bioquest Background Argasid or soft-bodied ticks are known vectors of many human and animal pathogens worldwide. These animals are poorly understood and incompletely studied because of their complex life histories. Unlike hard-bodied ticks, soft ticks have variable life h ...
... Co-Leader: Gaby Hamerlinck, Bioquest Background Argasid or soft-bodied ticks are known vectors of many human and animal pathogens worldwide. These animals are poorly understood and incompletely studied because of their complex life histories. Unlike hard-bodied ticks, soft ticks have variable life h ...
Our Behind the Scenes Partner:
... 1. Acute sera with elevated IgM 2. Convalescent sera with 4-fold rise in titer ...
... 1. Acute sera with elevated IgM 2. Convalescent sera with 4-fold rise in titer ...
Targeted Genetics Corporation - Morningstar Document Research
... Federal funding will be provided for this project by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN266200500008C, ADB No. N01-AI-50008. The project will be 100% federally funded in the amount ...
... Federal funding will be provided for this project by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN266200500008C, ADB No. N01-AI-50008. The project will be 100% federally funded in the amount ...
Tuberculosis - American Thoracic Society
... 1920s. In the middle of the 20th century, after decades of research, drugs were discovered that allowed for a permanent cure of TB. The decoding of the entire genomes of humans and M. tuberculosis in the 1990s opened new doors of scientific exploration, particularly at the molecular level, and provi ...
... 1920s. In the middle of the 20th century, after decades of research, drugs were discovered that allowed for a permanent cure of TB. The decoding of the entire genomes of humans and M. tuberculosis in the 1990s opened new doors of scientific exploration, particularly at the molecular level, and provi ...
A Concise History of Immunology
... summer and inoculated 8 chickens with this “old but viable” stock of chicken cholera bacillus. He found that not only did the chickens not die, but they did not even appear ill! Pasteur said that the virulent chicken cholera bacillus had become attenuated by sitting on the bench over the summer mont ...
... summer and inoculated 8 chickens with this “old but viable” stock of chicken cholera bacillus. He found that not only did the chickens not die, but they did not even appear ill! Pasteur said that the virulent chicken cholera bacillus had become attenuated by sitting on the bench over the summer mont ...
CHAPTER 42 Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections
... Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections We all have regular contact with fungi. They are so widely distributed in our environment that thousands of fungal spores are inhaled or ingested every day. Other species are so well adapted to humans that they are common members of the normal flora. Despite this ub ...
... Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections We all have regular contact with fungi. They are so widely distributed in our environment that thousands of fungal spores are inhaled or ingested every day. Other species are so well adapted to humans that they are common members of the normal flora. Despite this ub ...
Mistakes, Assumptions, Corruption, and Medical Arrogance
... “Aluminum is considered to be an essential metal with quantities fluctuating naturally during normal cellular activity. It is found in all tissues and is is also believed to play an important role in the development of a healthy fetus.” Reviewed by: Paul A. Offit, MD Date: April 2013 ...
... “Aluminum is considered to be an essential metal with quantities fluctuating naturally during normal cellular activity. It is found in all tissues and is is also believed to play an important role in the development of a healthy fetus.” Reviewed by: Paul A. Offit, MD Date: April 2013 ...
IBR/Pii The humoral immune response in cattle after Pasteurella haemolytica
... was allowed to grow for 3-5 d. The virus titre before inactivation was never less than 104 TCID 5ofmt It was then inactivated with formalin . Experimental design ...
... was allowed to grow for 3-5 d. The virus titre before inactivation was never less than 104 TCID 5ofmt It was then inactivated with formalin . Experimental design ...
WHO surveys BCG programmes
... In the week from 22 to 28 January 2001 (week 04), 11 countries (12 networks) reported influenza activity to the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) (1). Nine networks reported clinical data, and 10 reported virological data. Isolates of both influenza A (H1N1) and, increasingly, influenza ...
... In the week from 22 to 28 January 2001 (week 04), 11 countries (12 networks) reported influenza activity to the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) (1). Nine networks reported clinical data, and 10 reported virological data. Isolates of both influenza A (H1N1) and, increasingly, influenza ...
Interactive model and response analysis for human immunological system
... by using a very successful "reductionist" approach, but its overall functioning principles cannoteasilybepredictedbystudyingthepropertiesofitsisolatedcomponentsbecausethey stronglyrelyonandarisefromtheinteractionsamongthesenumerousconstituents.Systems immunolog ...
... by using a very successful "reductionist" approach, but its overall functioning principles cannoteasilybepredictedbystudyingthepropertiesofitsisolatedcomponentsbecausethey stronglyrelyonandarisefromtheinteractionsamongthesenumerousconstituents.Systems immunolog ...
How the destruction of rainforest could help create new strains of
... forests could help create new strains of diseases. There are many reasons for this change but not all of them are affected by only deforestation. Over the last 30 years, the death rate from infectious diseases increases to alarm international health experts. There are many reasons for this dramatic ...
... forests could help create new strains of diseases. There are many reasons for this change but not all of them are affected by only deforestation. Over the last 30 years, the death rate from infectious diseases increases to alarm international health experts. There are many reasons for this dramatic ...
Women-specific Illness
... • ~490,000 cases; ~270,000 deaths each year • >80% in developing countries • Expected to increase to >775,000 new cases by 2030, with >99% of deaths in developing countries • No organized screening programs, despite many efforts • “Competing” health problems • Prevalence of high-risk HPV infection h ...
... • ~490,000 cases; ~270,000 deaths each year • >80% in developing countries • Expected to increase to >775,000 new cases by 2030, with >99% of deaths in developing countries • No organized screening programs, despite many efforts • “Competing” health problems • Prevalence of high-risk HPV infection h ...
Supplemental Figures 1
... two time points of hormone measurements (0:30 and 2 AM) that were associated with SWS-rich sleep. Means ± SEM, n = 26 for both groups; ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05 for comparisons between Sleep and Wake condition. ...
... two time points of hormone measurements (0:30 and 2 AM) that were associated with SWS-rich sleep. Means ± SEM, n = 26 for both groups; ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05 for comparisons between Sleep and Wake condition. ...
Chapter 6 - Psychology
... particular invader. Full response takes up to "two weeks." Memory B-cells (lymphocytes) are created which will recognize the invader upon future attacks. secondary immune response - Upon a second attack, the memory cells can react more quickly. Full response takes only "a few days." immunity - The r ...
... particular invader. Full response takes up to "two weeks." Memory B-cells (lymphocytes) are created which will recognize the invader upon future attacks. secondary immune response - Upon a second attack, the memory cells can react more quickly. Full response takes only "a few days." immunity - The r ...
Why Lyme disease is a medical challenge
... Lyme disease in humans was first described in 1977 as an “epidemic of arthritis” preceded by a rash. Dr. Wilhelm Burgdorfer dissected ticks from Shelter Island NY and found them to be full of microbes. Burgdorfer showed that one of them, a spirochete in the genus Borrelia, caused the same type of di ...
... Lyme disease in humans was first described in 1977 as an “epidemic of arthritis” preceded by a rash. Dr. Wilhelm Burgdorfer dissected ticks from Shelter Island NY and found them to be full of microbes. Burgdorfer showed that one of them, a spirochete in the genus Borrelia, caused the same type of di ...
DNA vaccines: a review
... the role and need for CTL in such vaccines. Likewise, efforts are being taken to develop vaccines that can induce specific types of T helper responses, Th1 or Th2. The traditional methods for developing vaccines are given in Table 1 which compares their characteristics with DNA vaccines. Examples of ...
... the role and need for CTL in such vaccines. Likewise, efforts are being taken to develop vaccines that can induce specific types of T helper responses, Th1 or Th2. The traditional methods for developing vaccines are given in Table 1 which compares their characteristics with DNA vaccines. Examples of ...
Myths and Realities - Immunise Australia Program
... However, the majority of Australians are supportive of vaccination, as demonstrated by over 92 per cent of two-year-old children being fully vaccinated for their age. Among parents, only a small minority refuse vaccines for their children. Their rejection of vaccination may be related to a wider sce ...
... However, the majority of Australians are supportive of vaccination, as demonstrated by over 92 per cent of two-year-old children being fully vaccinated for their age. Among parents, only a small minority refuse vaccines for their children. Their rejection of vaccination may be related to a wider sce ...
Immunity
... constitutes immunity. The antecedents are events or incidents that must be in play in order for immunity to exist. The antecedents for immunity consist of intact non-specific defenses or barriers, a functional lymphatic system, an optimal innate immune response, a functional inflammatory response, a ...
... constitutes immunity. The antecedents are events or incidents that must be in play in order for immunity to exist. The antecedents for immunity consist of intact non-specific defenses or barriers, a functional lymphatic system, an optimal innate immune response, a functional inflammatory response, a ...
Meningitis
... Meningitis can be either a bacterial or viral infection that causes inflamation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, or the meninges. It can be caused when the bacteria or virus travels to the brain and surrounding tissues. ...
... Meningitis can be either a bacterial or viral infection that causes inflamation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, or the meninges. It can be caused when the bacteria or virus travels to the brain and surrounding tissues. ...
Vaccination
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty-five infections.The active agent of a vaccine may be intact but inactivated (non-infective) or attenuated (with reduced infectivity) forms of the causative pathogens, or purified components of the pathogen that have been found to be highly immunogenic (e.g., outer coat proteins of a virus). Toxoids are produced for immunization against toxin-based diseases, such as the modification of tetanospasmin toxin of tetanus to remove its toxic effect but retain its immunogenic effect.Smallpox was most likely the first disease people tried to prevent by inoculating themselves and was the first disease for which a vaccine was produced. The smallpox vaccine was discovered in 1796 by the British physician Edward Jenner, although at least six people had used the same principles years earlier. Louis Pasteur furthered the concept through his work in microbiology. The immunization was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vacca—cow). Smallpox was a contagious and deadly disease, causing the deaths of 20–60% of infected adults and over 80% of infected children. When smallpox was finally eradicated in 1979, it had already killed an estimated 300–500 million people in the 20th century.In common speech, 'vaccination' and 'immunization' have a similar meaning. This distinguishes it from inoculation, which uses unweakened live pathogens, although in common usage either can refer to an immunization. Vaccination efforts have been met with some controversy on scientific, ethical, political, medical safety, and religious grounds. In rare cases, vaccinations can injure people and, in the United States, they may receive compensation for those injuries under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Early success and compulsion brought widespread acceptance, and mass vaccination campaigns have greatly reduced the incidence of many diseases in numerous geographic regions.