May 14, 2011 Review for final exam (May 21, 2011, 8 AM) The final
... Enclosed below are multiple choice questions 64 to 145 and short answer questions 149-150 from last year’s final exam. These questions covered the material from the third portion of the course. The questions from last year’s final not included here (1-63 and 146-148) were drawn from the first two th ...
... Enclosed below are multiple choice questions 64 to 145 and short answer questions 149-150 from last year’s final exam. These questions covered the material from the third portion of the course. The questions from last year’s final not included here (1-63 and 146-148) were drawn from the first two th ...
"Approved"
... • Possible epidemic consequences of extraordinary situations (natural disasters, radionuclide contamination). ...
... • Possible epidemic consequences of extraordinary situations (natural disasters, radionuclide contamination). ...
An Agent-Based Model Demonstrates that the
... the simulated immune response to a virus. The agents representing cells were programmed to count their meaningful interactions with other agents, to characterize the connectivity of the immune system network. The connectivity data generated during the simulated immune response demonstrated behavior ...
... the simulated immune response to a virus. The agents representing cells were programmed to count their meaningful interactions with other agents, to characterize the connectivity of the immune system network. The connectivity data generated during the simulated immune response demonstrated behavior ...
State of VI Health Information and Data on Public Health
... • One in 20 hospitalized patients in the United States is infected during their health care. • Killer microbes that jump from animals to humans • New deadly pathogens • Viruses that have not previously occurred here, brought in by travelers (Chikungunya, Zika) ...
... • One in 20 hospitalized patients in the United States is infected during their health care. • Killer microbes that jump from animals to humans • New deadly pathogens • Viruses that have not previously occurred here, brought in by travelers (Chikungunya, Zika) ...
chapter 1
... and the cellular basis for humoral immunity in Chapter 15). In general, the humoral response offers protection from infections caused by organisms which are extracellular, a category which includes most bacteria as well as many of their toxic products (e.g. diphtheria and tetanus toxins). Hay fever ...
... and the cellular basis for humoral immunity in Chapter 15). In general, the humoral response offers protection from infections caused by organisms which are extracellular, a category which includes most bacteria as well as many of their toxic products (e.g. diphtheria and tetanus toxins). Hay fever ...
HP_Tipaje Linfocitario_24 07 13
... These components are interconnected by blood and lymph vessels, constituting a single well-communicated system. The response mechanisms of the immune system are the innate or non-adaptive immunity (the natural killer cells, for example) and the acquired or specific immunity (such as the T and B lymp ...
... These components are interconnected by blood and lymph vessels, constituting a single well-communicated system. The response mechanisms of the immune system are the innate or non-adaptive immunity (the natural killer cells, for example) and the acquired or specific immunity (such as the T and B lymp ...
Keeping Pathogens Out
... When pathogens enter the body the immune system launches an attack. The inflammatory response occurs if a foreign invader gets past the five barriers. This attack occurs in the blood and tissues. ◦ The blood supply to the area increases. ◦ Raises the blood pressure in area causing fluid to leak from ...
... When pathogens enter the body the immune system launches an attack. The inflammatory response occurs if a foreign invader gets past the five barriers. This attack occurs in the blood and tissues. ◦ The blood supply to the area increases. ◦ Raises the blood pressure in area causing fluid to leak from ...
Induction of antibody response to human tumor antigens by
... human tumor antigens MAGE-1 and MAGE-3. The MAGE-1 and -3 antigens were first described in melanoma and subsequently demonstrated in various other cancers. MAGE-1 and -3 genes are expressed in .30% of melanomas and carcinomas such as lung, breast, liver and gastrointestinal cancers,15–17 but not in ...
... human tumor antigens MAGE-1 and MAGE-3. The MAGE-1 and -3 antigens were first described in melanoma and subsequently demonstrated in various other cancers. MAGE-1 and -3 genes are expressed in .30% of melanomas and carcinomas such as lung, breast, liver and gastrointestinal cancers,15–17 but not in ...
Poster: MenBioVax generates cross strain immunogenicity
... These results indicate a NmB HspC enriched vaccine can induce crossreactive and functional antibodies to meningococci, demonstrating enormous potential for this novel approach to produce an effective meningococcal disease vaccine. ...
... These results indicate a NmB HspC enriched vaccine can induce crossreactive and functional antibodies to meningococci, demonstrating enormous potential for this novel approach to produce an effective meningococcal disease vaccine. ...
HISTORY OF VIROLOGY
... demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material of a bacteriophage. Although the initial evidence for DNA as the molecular basis of genetic inheritance was discovered using a bacteriophage, this principle of course applies to all cellular organisms (though ...
... demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material of a bacteriophage. Although the initial evidence for DNA as the molecular basis of genetic inheritance was discovered using a bacteriophage, this principle of course applies to all cellular organisms (though ...
Pappas G, Infectious diseases in cinema virus hunters and killer
... important in our time, because, as was proven in part during the recent anthrax outbreak, the public’s perceptions—and, accordingly, their reactions—are significantly influenced by their view on scientific truth as presented by the media. Cinema is an art of the 20th century, and there has been much ...
... important in our time, because, as was proven in part during the recent anthrax outbreak, the public’s perceptions—and, accordingly, their reactions—are significantly influenced by their view on scientific truth as presented by the media. Cinema is an art of the 20th century, and there has been much ...
IL-12 plus CTB in intranasal DNA
... increased at 10, 30 and 53 days. iii) Enhanced in vivo citotoxicity: median 53% vs 16.4% for control group. iv) Higher T-cell avidity in spleen cells (p=0.01). v) T-cell responses with a superior breadth: cross-reactivity against different Env subtypes was superior. ...
... increased at 10, 30 and 53 days. iii) Enhanced in vivo citotoxicity: median 53% vs 16.4% for control group. iv) Higher T-cell avidity in spleen cells (p=0.01). v) T-cell responses with a superior breadth: cross-reactivity against different Env subtypes was superior. ...
cowpox virus - European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians
... In herbivores: can be life-threatening due to massive cycles of virus development. Use antibiotics, NSAIDs and other supportive measures Prevention and control in zoos Control wild rodents (pest control). Separate infected animals to stop the disease spreading Suggested disinfectant for housing faci ...
... In herbivores: can be life-threatening due to massive cycles of virus development. Use antibiotics, NSAIDs and other supportive measures Prevention and control in zoos Control wild rodents (pest control). Separate infected animals to stop the disease spreading Suggested disinfectant for housing faci ...
Lecture 2 - Immunology of TB
... as a host protective factor needs a revision in thinking as it may also play a role in protecting the tubercle bacilli for its long-term survival in the host ...
... as a host protective factor needs a revision in thinking as it may also play a role in protecting the tubercle bacilli for its long-term survival in the host ...
wk10-SrilaSARS
... Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an acute respiratory illness caused by Corona virus infection . Fever followed by a respiratory compromise are the signs and symptoms, which also include chills, muscular aches, headache and loss of appetite. The first world-wide SARS epidemic occurred bet ...
... Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an acute respiratory illness caused by Corona virus infection . Fever followed by a respiratory compromise are the signs and symptoms, which also include chills, muscular aches, headache and loss of appetite. The first world-wide SARS epidemic occurred bet ...
Adenovirus vectors
... recombinants followed by boosting with HIV-1SF2 gp120 was evaluated in chimpanzees. Long-lasting protection, requiring only three immunizations, was achieved against a lowdose challenge with the SF2 strain of HIV-1 and a subsequent high-dose SF2 challenge administered 1 year later without an interve ...
... recombinants followed by boosting with HIV-1SF2 gp120 was evaluated in chimpanzees. Long-lasting protection, requiring only three immunizations, was achieved against a lowdose challenge with the SF2 strain of HIV-1 and a subsequent high-dose SF2 challenge administered 1 year later without an interve ...
Adenovirus vectors - Baylor College of Medicine
... recombinants followed by boosting with HIV-1SF2 gp120 was evaluated in chimpanzees. Long-lasting protection, requiring only three immunizations, was achieved against a lowdose challenge with the SF2 strain of HIV-1 and a subsequent high-dose SF2 challenge administered 1 year later without an interve ...
... recombinants followed by boosting with HIV-1SF2 gp120 was evaluated in chimpanzees. Long-lasting protection, requiring only three immunizations, was achieved against a lowdose challenge with the SF2 strain of HIV-1 and a subsequent high-dose SF2 challenge administered 1 year later without an interve ...
08_Fact_Path_Vir_2_2014
... Defense against infection Two tightly linked defense systems: 1. Innate immunity (nonspecific one) 2. Acquired (specific, adoptive) immunity Both systems hand in hand a) prevent microbes from colonizing bodily surfaces b) bar the penetration of microbes into tissues c) inhibit their spread through ...
... Defense against infection Two tightly linked defense systems: 1. Innate immunity (nonspecific one) 2. Acquired (specific, adoptive) immunity Both systems hand in hand a) prevent microbes from colonizing bodily surfaces b) bar the penetration of microbes into tissues c) inhibit their spread through ...
Multiple Sclerosis Is an Inflammatory T-Cell–Mediated - Direct-MS
... and their myelin sheaths through a complex sequence of events. The Tcell–mediated inflammation is driven by an autoimmune process, which in turn can trigger a degenerative phase that is immune independent. As described below, a large body of evidence suggests there is a Th1-type bias in MS (interfer ...
... and their myelin sheaths through a complex sequence of events. The Tcell–mediated inflammation is driven by an autoimmune process, which in turn can trigger a degenerative phase that is immune independent. As described below, a large body of evidence suggests there is a Th1-type bias in MS (interfer ...
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
... If pathogens are to enter new hosts, they must survive in some site from which they can infect new hosts. These sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection are called reservoirs of infection. They include animal hosts, human carriers, and nonliving reservoirs. ...
... If pathogens are to enter new hosts, they must survive in some site from which they can infect new hosts. These sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection are called reservoirs of infection. They include animal hosts, human carriers, and nonliving reservoirs. ...
phase ii safety and immunogenicity study of live
... Abstract. We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety and immunogenicity study of a serially passaged, plaque-purified live chikungunya (CHIK) vaccine in 73 healthy adult volunteers. Fiftynine volunteers were immunized one time subcutaneously with the CHIK vaccine a ...
... Abstract. We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety and immunogenicity study of a serially passaged, plaque-purified live chikungunya (CHIK) vaccine in 73 healthy adult volunteers. Fiftynine volunteers were immunized one time subcutaneously with the CHIK vaccine a ...
Chapter 14 - Clayton State University
... and Prevention (CDC) • Morbidity: Incidence of a specific notifiable disease. • Mortality: Deaths from notifiable diseases. • Morbidity rate: Number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period. • Mortality rate: Number of deaths from a disease in relation to the pop ...
... and Prevention (CDC) • Morbidity: Incidence of a specific notifiable disease. • Mortality: Deaths from notifiable diseases. • Morbidity rate: Number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period. • Mortality rate: Number of deaths from a disease in relation to the pop ...
Louis Pasteur, from crystals of life to vaccination
... most eminent chemists, such as Justus von Liebig, Jöns Berzelius and Friedrich Wöhler. However, an alternative hypothesis emerged, claiming that ferments were living microbes. In 1835, Charles Cagniard-Latour, followed by Theodor Schwann and Friedrich Kützing in 1837, demonstrated that fermentati ...
... most eminent chemists, such as Justus von Liebig, Jöns Berzelius and Friedrich Wöhler. However, an alternative hypothesis emerged, claiming that ferments were living microbes. In 1835, Charles Cagniard-Latour, followed by Theodor Schwann and Friedrich Kützing in 1837, demonstrated that fermentati ...
Let`s talk about Lyme disease and Lyme Vaccine - Dr
... Lyme statistics read like this for humans; more than 20,000 cases reported annually for the US [this figure I ran into many times 16,000 to 27,000 new cases per year] CDC listed 200,000 cases since the disease became reportable in 1991. Due to the high degree of difficulty in positive diagnosis of L ...
... Lyme statistics read like this for humans; more than 20,000 cases reported annually for the US [this figure I ran into many times 16,000 to 27,000 new cases per year] CDC listed 200,000 cases since the disease became reportable in 1991. Due to the high degree of difficulty in positive diagnosis of L ...
the Biggest Challenge to Human Intelligence
... genes coded by function (forward and reverse strand); circle 4, GC skew (G–C/G+C); circles 5 and 6, genome divided into locally colinear blocks (when IP32953 and CO92 are compared with one another); each block is distinguished by a unique color (black segments within colored blocks represent regions ...
... genes coded by function (forward and reverse strand); circle 4, GC skew (G–C/G+C); circles 5 and 6, genome divided into locally colinear blocks (when IP32953 and CO92 are compared with one another); each block is distinguished by a unique color (black segments within colored blocks represent regions ...
Vaccination
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty-five infections.The active agent of a vaccine may be intact but inactivated (non-infective) or attenuated (with reduced infectivity) forms of the causative pathogens, or purified components of the pathogen that have been found to be highly immunogenic (e.g., outer coat proteins of a virus). Toxoids are produced for immunization against toxin-based diseases, such as the modification of tetanospasmin toxin of tetanus to remove its toxic effect but retain its immunogenic effect.Smallpox was most likely the first disease people tried to prevent by inoculating themselves and was the first disease for which a vaccine was produced. The smallpox vaccine was discovered in 1796 by the British physician Edward Jenner, although at least six people had used the same principles years earlier. Louis Pasteur furthered the concept through his work in microbiology. The immunization was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vacca—cow). Smallpox was a contagious and deadly disease, causing the deaths of 20–60% of infected adults and over 80% of infected children. When smallpox was finally eradicated in 1979, it had already killed an estimated 300–500 million people in the 20th century.In common speech, 'vaccination' and 'immunization' have a similar meaning. This distinguishes it from inoculation, which uses unweakened live pathogens, although in common usage either can refer to an immunization. Vaccination efforts have been met with some controversy on scientific, ethical, political, medical safety, and religious grounds. In rare cases, vaccinations can injure people and, in the United States, they may receive compensation for those injuries under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Early success and compulsion brought widespread acceptance, and mass vaccination campaigns have greatly reduced the incidence of many diseases in numerous geographic regions.