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Vaccine
Vaccine

... Some vaccines contain live, attenuated microorganisms. The organism has been cultured so as to reduce its pathogenicity, but still retain some of the antigens of the virulent form. They typically provoke more durable immunological responses and are the preferred type for healthy adults. Examples inc ...
Preparation of Vaccines
Preparation of Vaccines

... • More individuals that are immune decreases the incidence of the disease and the occurrence of the pathogen. • With greater numbers immunized, it is less likely that an unimmunized person will encounter the pathogen. • Mass vaccination confers indirect protection for those who do not receive the va ...
Kirsanova T
Kirsanova T

... vaccines: monovalent (RV1) (“RotaRix” GlaxoSmithKline, England) and pentavalent (RV5) (“RotaTek” Merck Sharp&Dohme, Netherlands). RV1 is derived from human strain, whereas the RV5 contains 5 recombinant viruses derived from the human and bovine strains. The first dose of rotaviral vaccine must be ad ...
Population genetics and vaccines - Lectures For UG-5
Population genetics and vaccines - Lectures For UG-5

... Objectives The aim of the course is to •Introduce students to the various disciplines associated with vaccinology including ...
Yale University
Yale University

...  However, I have declined Hepatitis B vaccination at this time. I understand that by declining this vaccine, I continue to be at risk of acquiring Hepatitis B, a serious disease. If in the future I continue to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials and I want ...
Equilis Prequenza Vaccination Guide for Owners 086966
Equilis Prequenza Vaccination Guide for Owners 086966

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Immunity to Infection

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`immunisation` and `vaccine-preventable diseases`.
`immunisation` and `vaccine-preventable diseases`.

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... Actually, quite the opposite! By prompting the immune system to do what it is naturally meant to do – develop antibodies that can fight disease and keep your child healthy – vaccines make your child’s immune system even stronger! It’s natural for your child to be exposed to many different forms of b ...
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... children in that they can protect us from the many diseases out there. Immunization not only protects your child against deadly diseases but also helps in developing your child’s immune system. Through the use of immunizations, some infections and diseases have almost completely been eradicated thro ...
PHG 413 lecture
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... Vaccines containing killed microorganisms – these are previously virulent micro-organisms which have been killed with chemicals or heat. Examples are vaccines against flu, cholera, bubonic plague, polio and hepatitis A. Attenuated Some vaccines contain live, attenuated microorganisms. The organism h ...
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Sex and Behaviour * Immune Response to Parasites
Sex and Behaviour * Immune Response to Parasites

... Many studies have concluded that the MMR vaccine is safe and only a few studies claim that it isn’t. However, this was not reflected by the media coverage. .The majority of coverage centred on the possibility of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism, while the government insisted that the vaccin ...
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Pneumococcal Vaccines - Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit

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Immunity and how vaccines work
Immunity and how vaccines work

... Protection produced by individual’s own immune system Protection often life-long but may need boosting ...
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Vaccination



Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty-five infections.The active agent of a vaccine may be intact but inactivated (non-infective) or attenuated (with reduced infectivity) forms of the causative pathogens, or purified components of the pathogen that have been found to be highly immunogenic (e.g., outer coat proteins of a virus). Toxoids are produced for immunization against toxin-based diseases, such as the modification of tetanospasmin toxin of tetanus to remove its toxic effect but retain its immunogenic effect.Smallpox was most likely the first disease people tried to prevent by inoculating themselves and was the first disease for which a vaccine was produced. The smallpox vaccine was discovered in 1796 by the British physician Edward Jenner, although at least six people had used the same principles years earlier. Louis Pasteur furthered the concept through his work in microbiology. The immunization was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vacca—cow). Smallpox was a contagious and deadly disease, causing the deaths of 20–60% of infected adults and over 80% of infected children. When smallpox was finally eradicated in 1979, it had already killed an estimated 300–500 million people in the 20th century.In common speech, 'vaccination' and 'immunization' have a similar meaning. This distinguishes it from inoculation, which uses unweakened live pathogens, although in common usage either can refer to an immunization. Vaccination efforts have been met with some controversy on scientific, ethical, political, medical safety, and religious grounds. In rare cases, vaccinations can injure people and, in the United States, they may receive compensation for those injuries under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Early success and compulsion brought widespread acceptance, and mass vaccination campaigns have greatly reduced the incidence of many diseases in numerous geographic regions.
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