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o L i S
o L i S

... cycle. Understanding the oceans’ contribution to the global carbon cycle is critical in understanding the impact of greenhouse gases and climate change. In most regions of the oceans, the ability of algae to grow is limited by the availability of either nitrogen or iron as nutrients. Certain microbe ...
CH 2 Notes Floor Etc Student Notetaker
CH 2 Notes Floor Etc Student Notetaker

... Most oceanic gas hydrates are created when bacteria break down organic matter in ocean-floor sediments. ...
PRESENTATION NAME
PRESENTATION NAME

... • At the base of the food chain: Phytoplankton-microscopic floating life-forms that obtain energy by photosynthesis. – Need nitrates, iron, & phosphates in order to grow – No nutrients = no growth – Too much nutrients = blooms (rapid growth phase) ...
Balancing the preservation of Marine Genetic
Balancing the preservation of Marine Genetic

... Within the EEZs • Bilateral agreement between provider state and user • Provider countries may be left out of the process of R+D • Tracking the benefits to the source may be difficult • The same resource may be present in different countries • When MGRs are patented benefits go back only to one coun ...
1 One thing that all the diverse forms of life found in the oceans have
1 One thing that all the diverse forms of life found in the oceans have

... deep water which rises in a process called upwelling. Such upwelling is enhanced near irregularly-shaped coastal features, such as near capes. Deep waters are usually colder than surface waters because they have not been heated by the Sun. They also tend to be richer in the nutrients that support oc ...
Sea Floor Spreading
Sea Floor Spreading

...  Scientists found that the farther away from the ridge, the older the rock sample were. ...
Marine Ecology, Ecosystems, Marine Factors, Seawater Chemistry
Marine Ecology, Ecosystems, Marine Factors, Seawater Chemistry

... the length of time its exposed. • This affects organisms living there because some are restricted to zones according to their adaptations to this type of zone (intertidal etc.). ...
Ocean and climate - Náttúruverndarsamtök Íslands
Ocean and climate - Náttúruverndarsamtök Íslands

... of ecological communities might have important consequences for different economic sectors such as fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism... It is still difficult to predict with accuracy the consequences of ocean acidification, but it is certain that marine communities will change. The organisms that ...
Microbial Food Webs - Cornell Geological Sciences
Microbial Food Webs - Cornell Geological Sciences

... energy. For example, phytoplankton are autotrophs - they use CO2 for their carbon and use sun light for their energy Heterotroph: Uses carbon and energy contained in preformed organic carbon for growth. For example, herbivorous zooplankton consume phytoplankton for their carbon and energy needs. Oli ...
1 The scale of life in the ocean ranges from the simplest single
1 The scale of life in the ocean ranges from the simplest single

... formula is H2O, or dihydrogen oxide. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom through covalent bonds, a form of chemical bond where atoms share some of their outermost electrons. Water is a roughly V-shaped molecule, with the oxygen atom at the apex. The V-shape leads to a distribution of ...
Ocean Floor Features
Ocean Floor Features

... Earth’s air, water including oceans, or land, then the human activity has caused pollution. • Oceans are rich in food, minerals, and other resources and can be easily polluted. • Human activities can also harm the land and oceans causing resources to be polluted or destroyed. • Sometimes people may ...
Ocean Currents of the Eastern Gulf of Mexico Robert H. Weisberg
Ocean Currents of the Eastern Gulf of Mexico Robert H. Weisberg

... 1. The eastern G of M deep-ocean circulation consists of the LC/FC/GS system, which is always present. Materials entrained in the LC can quickly flow through the Florida Straits in proximity to the Florida Keys and the east coast. 2. The WFS circulation is driven mainly by winds and surface heating. ...
Role of large scale Ocean-Atmosphere interactions in the
Role of large scale Ocean-Atmosphere interactions in the

... 10-yr average sea surface height deviation from geoid Subtropical gyres ...
Oceans of Fun
Oceans of Fun

... There’s a commotion in the ocean, and it’s lots of fun. The commotion in the ocean is for everyone. So come on in and sit right down, but you might get splashed by a nautical clown! Oh, the commotion in the ocean is beneath the sea. The commotion in the ocean is for you and me. It’s such a crazy not ...
Chapter 3: The Physical Setting
Chapter 3: The Physical Setting

... • Latitude  measure distance 10 Latitude = 111 km Meridian ...
Life in the Oceanic Realms - Indian Academy of Sciences
Life in the Oceanic Realms - Indian Academy of Sciences

... primary production crops. The most evolved crustaceans are the decapods, which include shrimps, lobsters and crabs. The shrimps are strong swimmers and live below 150 m depth in daytime. Salps belonging to chordata are found in warm surface or nearsurface waters and often form dense swarms and have ...
15.4 Marine Ecosystems
15.4 Marine Ecosystems

... Marine ecosystems are global. ...
Society and the Sea, Fall 2008 - University of California San Diego
Society and the Sea, Fall 2008 - University of California San Diego

... a) one-celled carbonate shelled animals b) one celled, carbonate shelled plants c) Major frame builders for coral reefs d) grow only in sunlight and warm waters 53. The 200 nautical mile area within which coastal states can regulate ocean resource exploration and exploitation is called the a) mare l ...
Marine Biologist
Marine Biologist

... They try to gain a biological and ecological understanding of fish populations, enabling them to work out how many fish we can take while ensuring that the population is not endangered. This involves studying factors such as migration patterns, breeding behaviour and the fish's natural predators. Ma ...
Ocean - Geological Society of India
Ocean - Geological Society of India

... attraction, primarily of the moon and the sun, produces tides. Currents are like rivers in the oceans. They can carry enormous amounts of water. For example, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current can transport 100 million cubic metres of seawater per second! Some currents containing mud travel at speeds ...
Surface currents: See the map in your main notes for the surface
Surface currents: See the map in your main notes for the surface

... Downwelling: the opposite of upwelling - surface waters push down into deeper areas of the ocean. This happens when winds cause Ekman transport to push water towards a coast and then down into the ocean There are 4 types of surface currents: Western boundary currents: narrow, deep, fast currents fou ...
Mr. Perfect UNDER THE SEA
Mr. Perfect UNDER THE SEA

... rivers run into the ocean. Salinity levels are also affected by animals such as clams and oysters that use calcium salts to build their shells. They remove salt from the water. In warm ocean areas where there is little rainfall and much evaporation, the amount of dissolved salts is much greater. In ...
Seafloor notes
Seafloor notes

... When the lava hits the water, it cools quickly into solid rock, forming new___________________. ...
Ocean Currents - WordPress.com
Ocean Currents - WordPress.com

... more dense and ice does not incorporate salt, this accumulates below the ice causing water to be more salty. The salty water sinks because it is more dense. ...
Ocean WebQuest Task Sheet PLEASE REMEMBER TO WRITE IN
Ocean WebQuest Task Sheet PLEASE REMEMBER TO WRITE IN

... 10. Besides cold water what does the Humboldt current normally bring to the surface? minerals and other nutrients that feed huge schools of fish. http://www.secretsatsea.org/story/3a.html 11. For what are currents responsible? actual transport of water from one place to ...
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Marine debris



Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has deliberately or accidentally been released in a lake, sea, ocean or waterway. Floating oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of gyres and on coastlines, frequently washing aground, when it is known as beach litter or tidewrack. Deliberate disposal of wastes at sea is called ocean dumping. Naturally occurring debris, such as driftwood, are also present.With the increasing use of plastic, human influence has become an issue as many types of plastics do not biodegrade. Waterborne plastic poses a serious threat to fish, seabirds, marine reptiles, and marine mammals, as well as to boats and coasts. Dumping, container spillages, litter washed into storm drains and waterways and wind-blown landfill waste all contribute to this problem.
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