A life in slime – biofilms rule the world
... Formation of a biofilm follows this basic scheme irrespective of the environment and the participating microbial species. Dispersal of these microbial communities may be triggered by external factors (e.g. increased shear stress) or internal biofilm processes. Detachment can proceed in different way ...
... Formation of a biofilm follows this basic scheme irrespective of the environment and the participating microbial species. Dispersal of these microbial communities may be triggered by external factors (e.g. increased shear stress) or internal biofilm processes. Detachment can proceed in different way ...
The killer trait of Paramecium and its causative
... et al. 2009). Under laboratory conditions however Caedibacter are described as energy parasites (KUSCH et al. 2002) taking up ATP directly from its host. Like Rickettsia and Chlamydia, they possess an ATP/ADP antiporter (LINKA et al. 2003) and therewith are capable of depriving their host of energy. ...
... et al. 2009). Under laboratory conditions however Caedibacter are described as energy parasites (KUSCH et al. 2002) taking up ATP directly from its host. Like Rickettsia and Chlamydia, they possess an ATP/ADP antiporter (LINKA et al. 2003) and therewith are capable of depriving their host of energy. ...
Biological Degradation of Naphthalene: A New Era
... Although many naphthalene-degrading bacteria have been isolated, these bacteria may thrive in one environment but may not be able to compete with other micro-organisms in another environment, as environmental conditions impose a selection pressure on specific types of bacteria. PAH are soluble in no ...
... Although many naphthalene-degrading bacteria have been isolated, these bacteria may thrive in one environment but may not be able to compete with other micro-organisms in another environment, as environmental conditions impose a selection pressure on specific types of bacteria. PAH are soluble in no ...
Identification and Characterization of A Novel Salmonella
... 1.1. Salmonella and Salmonellosis Salmonella is a Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Classification of Salmonella based on serology and phage susceptibility assays has currently identified more than 2500 serovars. The Salmonella genus contains two ...
... 1.1. Salmonella and Salmonellosis Salmonella is a Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Classification of Salmonella based on serology and phage susceptibility assays has currently identified more than 2500 serovars. The Salmonella genus contains two ...
Effects of biocides and metals on antibiotic resistance: a
... Antibiotics are specifically acting drugs that work against bacteria and sometimes certain parasites but not on viruses or fungi. Most importantly, they are selected or designed to have as little effect as possible on the human body. When we use antibiotics they bind to targets within or on bacteri ...
... Antibiotics are specifically acting drugs that work against bacteria and sometimes certain parasites but not on viruses or fungi. Most importantly, they are selected or designed to have as little effect as possible on the human body. When we use antibiotics they bind to targets within or on bacteri ...
The Sialic Acid Binding Adhesin (SabA) of Helicobacter pylori
... structure Lex antigen expressed on the gastric epithelium and thus associated with an increased gastric cancer risk1. As well, European study provided evidence before that SabA protein may enhance H. pylori pathogenecity in the human gastric epithelium 11. They explained that association by the alte ...
... structure Lex antigen expressed on the gastric epithelium and thus associated with an increased gastric cancer risk1. As well, European study provided evidence before that SabA protein may enhance H. pylori pathogenecity in the human gastric epithelium 11. They explained that association by the alte ...
Diversity, Sources, and Detection of Human Bacterial Pathogens in
... Intracellular associations of bacteria with protozoan and algal hosts have been described in natural and clinical settings and may represent an additional source of pathogens in marine environments. Colonization of amoeboid hosts has been observed for several human bacterial pathogens including Myco ...
... Intracellular associations of bacteria with protozoan and algal hosts have been described in natural and clinical settings and may represent an additional source of pathogens in marine environments. Colonization of amoeboid hosts has been observed for several human bacterial pathogens including Myco ...
Alkaline pH homeostasis in bacteria: New insights
... remediation and industrial settings, as well as in marine, plant-associated and extremely alkaline ecological niches. Alkali-tolerance and alkaliphily, in turn, strongly depend upon mechanisms for alkaline pH homeostasis, as shown in pH shift experiments and growth experiments in chemostats at diffe ...
... remediation and industrial settings, as well as in marine, plant-associated and extremely alkaline ecological niches. Alkali-tolerance and alkaliphily, in turn, strongly depend upon mechanisms for alkaline pH homeostasis, as shown in pH shift experiments and growth experiments in chemostats at diffe ...
1 mm
... The prokaryotic genome has less DNA than the eukaryotic genome Most of the genome consists of a single circular chromosome The genetic material is not enclosed inside a membrane; it is located in the nucleoid region Some species of bacteria also have smaller rings of DNA called plasmids ...
... The prokaryotic genome has less DNA than the eukaryotic genome Most of the genome consists of a single circular chromosome The genetic material is not enclosed inside a membrane; it is located in the nucleoid region Some species of bacteria also have smaller rings of DNA called plasmids ...
The Escherichia coli CRISPR System Protects from Lysogenization
... self-targeting spacers having homologies to genomic sequences, be they prophages or other chromosomal elements, are not evolutionarily conserved (18). The study suggests that “accidental” insertions of spacers targeting genomic sequences are deleterious to the organism harboring them (18). We provid ...
... self-targeting spacers having homologies to genomic sequences, be they prophages or other chromosomal elements, are not evolutionarily conserved (18). The study suggests that “accidental” insertions of spacers targeting genomic sequences are deleterious to the organism harboring them (18). We provid ...
Free Living Amoeba-Bacteria Interactions
... amoeba, they can penetrate into the amoebae. In invasion assays, the K1 (0.67%) within T1 was observed compared with K12 (0%). E. coli K1 and K12 exhibited high association with N. fowleri and bacterial CFU. To determine the fate of E. coli in long-term survival within free-living amoebae, intracell ...
... amoeba, they can penetrate into the amoebae. In invasion assays, the K1 (0.67%) within T1 was observed compared with K12 (0%). E. coli K1 and K12 exhibited high association with N. fowleri and bacterial CFU. To determine the fate of E. coli in long-term survival within free-living amoebae, intracell ...
Computational approaches to predict bacteriophage–host
... short RNA oligonucleotides that, upon reinfection, bind to invading phage DNA and result in the degradation of the phage genome sequence. Host restriction modification systems also attack incoming, unmodified phage DNA, chopping it into fragments that are then degraded (Edwards, Helm and Maloy 1999) ...
... short RNA oligonucleotides that, upon reinfection, bind to invading phage DNA and result in the degradation of the phage genome sequence. Host restriction modification systems also attack incoming, unmodified phage DNA, chopping it into fragments that are then degraded (Edwards, Helm and Maloy 1999) ...
Ch 27 Notes - Dublin Schools
... • Mutation rates during binary fission are low, but because of rapid reproduction, mutations can accumulate rapidly in a population ...
... • Mutation rates during binary fission are low, but because of rapid reproduction, mutations can accumulate rapidly in a population ...
unexpected antibiotic resistance in gram-positive
... peptidoglycan are altered to D-Ala-D-Lac, resulting in a loss of the intended drug target, and an inability of vancomycin to bind, resulting in decreased antimicrobial effectiveness (Xia, 2016). Another antibiotic class that interferes with cell wall synthesis are the βlactams, and the mecA gene in ...
... peptidoglycan are altered to D-Ala-D-Lac, resulting in a loss of the intended drug target, and an inability of vancomycin to bind, resulting in decreased antimicrobial effectiveness (Xia, 2016). Another antibiotic class that interferes with cell wall synthesis are the βlactams, and the mecA gene in ...
Chapter 28: Prokaryotes
... of the virulent smooth strain into the environment. These strains of Streptococcus bacteria are capable of natural transformation. At least some of the rough strain cells took up smooth strain genes that encoded the polysaccharide coat from the environment. These genes entered into the rough strain ...
... of the virulent smooth strain into the environment. These strains of Streptococcus bacteria are capable of natural transformation. At least some of the rough strain cells took up smooth strain genes that encoded the polysaccharide coat from the environment. These genes entered into the rough strain ...
Microbial Ecology
... Crassostrea iredalei [54]) have been described. However, these studies do not focus on the changes in microbiota that may occur during the growth of the oysters. With the exception of the study by Romero et al. [69], these reports do not distinguish between resident and transient bacteria, which lea ...
... Crassostrea iredalei [54]) have been described. However, these studies do not focus on the changes in microbiota that may occur during the growth of the oysters. With the exception of the study by Romero et al. [69], these reports do not distinguish between resident and transient bacteria, which lea ...
Identification and characterization of mutants with increased
... Induction of invasion gene transcription and expression of the invasive phenotype of Salmonella strains are regulated by environmental conditions. Experimental evidence indicates that oxygen, pH, and osmotic conditions need to closely resemble those of the host intestinal lumen for invasion gene act ...
... Induction of invasion gene transcription and expression of the invasive phenotype of Salmonella strains are regulated by environmental conditions. Experimental evidence indicates that oxygen, pH, and osmotic conditions need to closely resemble those of the host intestinal lumen for invasion gene act ...
HUMAN MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
... isomalto- oligosaccharides, etc. (FigueroaGonzalez et al., 2011). However, there are still many remaining questions regarding the relation between the structures of non-milkderived oligosaccharides and their biological functions. Whereas, HMOs have been wildly proved to putatively modulate the intes ...
... isomalto- oligosaccharides, etc. (FigueroaGonzalez et al., 2011). However, there are still many remaining questions regarding the relation between the structures of non-milkderived oligosaccharides and their biological functions. Whereas, HMOs have been wildly proved to putatively modulate the intes ...
1 TRANSFER OF MICROORGANISMS FROM FOMITES TO HANDS
... provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Request for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of th ...
... provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Request for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of th ...
Alere Announces Broad Initiatives to Help
... Plan to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. The Company’s commitments include a number of measurable goals and objectives over the next five years that, when achieved, will help healthcare providers protect their patients through antibiotic stewardship, slow the growth of resistant bacteria and he ...
... Plan to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. The Company’s commitments include a number of measurable goals and objectives over the next five years that, when achieved, will help healthcare providers protect their patients through antibiotic stewardship, slow the growth of resistant bacteria and he ...
PhD Thesis Secondary metabolism and its regulation in
... However, with the increasing bacterial resistance against routinely used antibiotics and the presence of still uncured diseases like cancer or AIDS, there is a very urgent need for new bioactive molecules. Important reservoirs of such bioactive compounds are the so-called cryptic or silenced seconda ...
... However, with the increasing bacterial resistance against routinely used antibiotics and the presence of still uncured diseases like cancer or AIDS, there is a very urgent need for new bioactive molecules. Important reservoirs of such bioactive compounds are the so-called cryptic or silenced seconda ...
Mechanistic Classes of Antibacterials
... majority of infectious diseases currently afflicting humanity. Antibiotic use introduces evolutionary selection pressure to bacteria; Resistant strains are selected for, and cause antibiotics to become ineffective. Bacterial resistance has been observed for every class of antibiotic introduced, some ...
... majority of infectious diseases currently afflicting humanity. Antibiotic use introduces evolutionary selection pressure to bacteria; Resistant strains are selected for, and cause antibiotics to become ineffective. Bacterial resistance has been observed for every class of antibiotic introduced, some ...
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. Also termed lateral gene transfer (LGT), it contrasts with vertical transfer, the transmission of genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction. HGT has been shown to be an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.Horizontal gene transfer is the primary reason for bacterial antibiotic resistance, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. This horizontal gene transfer often involves temperate bacteriophages and plasmids. Genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms (e.g., via F-pilus), subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics, which is becoming a medical challenge to deal with.Most thinking in genetics has focused upon vertical transfer, but there is a growing awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon and among single-celled organisms perhaps the dominant form of genetic transfer.Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering.