Uptake and synthesis of compatible solutes as microbial stress
... Bacteria that are subjected to a sudden increase in osmolality usually respond with an adaptation reaction that is characterised by two distinct phases. Studies with the enteric gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium revealed that initially large amounts of K+ are rapidly taken up ...
... Bacteria that are subjected to a sudden increase in osmolality usually respond with an adaptation reaction that is characterised by two distinct phases. Studies with the enteric gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium revealed that initially large amounts of K+ are rapidly taken up ...
Microspectrometric insights on the uptake of antibiotics
... of porins, overexpression of efflux pumps). Employing this last strategy, the bacterium is able to manage the intracellular concentration of antibiotics by modulating the entry or the ejection of active agents7. Thereby, the effective concentration of drug is never reached inside the cell and conseq ...
... of porins, overexpression of efflux pumps). Employing this last strategy, the bacterium is able to manage the intracellular concentration of antibiotics by modulating the entry or the ejection of active agents7. Thereby, the effective concentration of drug is never reached inside the cell and conseq ...
The SACGM Compendium of guidance - Part 2: Risk
... Part 2: Risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms (other than those associated with plants) ...
... Part 2: Risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms (other than those associated with plants) ...
Evaluation of Three Methods for DNA Fingerprinting
... This paper describes studies on the genotype analysis of isolates C. pseudotuberculosis using three PCRbased techniques, BOX-PCR, RAPD and ADSRRSfingerprinting (amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction site). The major advantage of all these methods is that no knowledge of DNA seq ...
... This paper describes studies on the genotype analysis of isolates C. pseudotuberculosis using three PCRbased techniques, BOX-PCR, RAPD and ADSRRSfingerprinting (amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction site). The major advantage of all these methods is that no knowledge of DNA seq ...
25 Microbial ecology
... Microflora of the soil The soil is the major environment for a habitation of microorganisms. The first bacteria, as well as all alive ones, have appeared in water. However in more later geological periods, when on a surface of globe the soil was derived, it became main habitation of microorganisms ...
... Microflora of the soil The soil is the major environment for a habitation of microorganisms. The first bacteria, as well as all alive ones, have appeared in water. However in more later geological periods, when on a surface of globe the soil was derived, it became main habitation of microorganisms ...
Ligand-responsive Transcriptional Regulation by Members of the
... peroxides (Sukchawalit et al., 2001; Mongkolsuk et al., 2002). Numerous bacteria maintain this genetic organization of ohrR and ohr, but in B. subtilis these genes are adjacent and oriented in the opposite direction. B. subtilis OhrR represses transcription of ohr and is responsive to organic peroxi ...
... peroxides (Sukchawalit et al., 2001; Mongkolsuk et al., 2002). Numerous bacteria maintain this genetic organization of ohrR and ohr, but in B. subtilis these genes are adjacent and oriented in the opposite direction. B. subtilis OhrR represses transcription of ohr and is responsive to organic peroxi ...
Bacterial differentiation within Moraxella bovis colonies growing at
... exclusively comprised of the SC colonial form (Pedersen, 1970; Pedersen et al., 1972). The SC colonial form is also more virulent than the N colonial form when used to challenge the eyes of the host animal (Pedersen et al., 1972; Jayappa & Lehr, 1986). Yet, shortly after the bacteria are recovered f ...
... exclusively comprised of the SC colonial form (Pedersen, 1970; Pedersen et al., 1972). The SC colonial form is also more virulent than the N colonial form when used to challenge the eyes of the host animal (Pedersen et al., 1972; Jayappa & Lehr, 1986). Yet, shortly after the bacteria are recovered f ...
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... fimbrial adhesins, cytotoxins including hemolysins and iron uptake systems or siderophores[9].Serum resistance is also a putative virulence factor of UPEC, by which the bacteria resist complement-mediated killing (alternate pathway) in the bloodstream. There is thus a strong positive correlation bet ...
... fimbrial adhesins, cytotoxins including hemolysins and iron uptake systems or siderophores[9].Serum resistance is also a putative virulence factor of UPEC, by which the bacteria resist complement-mediated killing (alternate pathway) in the bloodstream. There is thus a strong positive correlation bet ...
The CRISPR System Protects Microbe
... speculated that CRISPRs facilitate replicon partitioning, repair DNA, or mediate immunity against extrachromosomal genetic elements via RNA interference. Eventually, several groups of researchers concluded that CRISPRs are part of a DNA-encoded defense system that provides bacteria and archaea with ...
... speculated that CRISPRs facilitate replicon partitioning, repair DNA, or mediate immunity against extrachromosomal genetic elements via RNA interference. Eventually, several groups of researchers concluded that CRISPRs are part of a DNA-encoded defense system that provides bacteria and archaea with ...
Spirochete Periplasmic Flagella and Motility
... Spirochetes have a unique structure, and as a result their motility is different from that of other bacteria. They also have a special attribute: spirochetes can swim in a highly viscous, gel-like medium, such as that found in connective tissue, that inhibits the motility of most other bacteria. In ...
... Spirochetes have a unique structure, and as a result their motility is different from that of other bacteria. They also have a special attribute: spirochetes can swim in a highly viscous, gel-like medium, such as that found in connective tissue, that inhibits the motility of most other bacteria. In ...
Introduction
... Penetrating ocular injuries are accompanied by infection at a much higher rate than occurs with surgery. In most series of the penetrating injuries, 3-17% eyes develop microbial endophthalmitis. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis-associated isolates include a greater variety of organisms than those follo ...
... Penetrating ocular injuries are accompanied by infection at a much higher rate than occurs with surgery. In most series of the penetrating injuries, 3-17% eyes develop microbial endophthalmitis. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis-associated isolates include a greater variety of organisms than those follo ...
22 | prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea
... feed these organisms and how to grow them; they have special requirements for growth that remain unknown to scientists, such as needing specific micronutrients, pH, temperature, pressure, co-factors, or co-metabolites. Some bacteria cannot be cultured because they are obligate intracellular parasite ...
... feed these organisms and how to grow them; they have special requirements for growth that remain unknown to scientists, such as needing specific micronutrients, pH, temperature, pressure, co-factors, or co-metabolites. Some bacteria cannot be cultured because they are obligate intracellular parasite ...
Bacteria and Viruses
... division that forms two genetically identical cells. Fission can occur quickly—as often as every 20 minutes under ideal conditions. ...
... division that forms two genetically identical cells. Fission can occur quickly—as often as every 20 minutes under ideal conditions. ...
Intestinal microbiota and metabolites—Implications for broiler
... this order were grouped according to their 16S rDNA sequence homology to Clostridial clusters I to XIX. During the last few years, several bacterial phylotypes that previously could not be assigned to proper taxonomic clusters have now found a place in newly described families and genera. In the chi ...
... this order were grouped according to their 16S rDNA sequence homology to Clostridial clusters I to XIX. During the last few years, several bacterial phylotypes that previously could not be assigned to proper taxonomic clusters have now found a place in newly described families and genera. In the chi ...
Chapter 1: Microbial contamination in space
... Confirmation of the gene expression data .................................................. 97 Whole genome sequencing of mutants ....................................................... 98 Influence of agrRS, agrS, mmmQ and czcL knockout on silver resistance 99 Complementation of agrRS and mmmQ .... ...
... Confirmation of the gene expression data .................................................. 97 Whole genome sequencing of mutants ....................................................... 98 Influence of agrRS, agrS, mmmQ and czcL knockout on silver resistance 99 Complementation of agrRS and mmmQ .... ...
Lecture 3 & 4
... The common ancestor of all three domains had DNA; and its machinery for transcription and translation produced RNA and proteins; the chromosome was probably circular. Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with Bacteria. ...
... The common ancestor of all three domains had DNA; and its machinery for transcription and translation produced RNA and proteins; the chromosome was probably circular. Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with Bacteria. ...
Boundless Study Slides
... • binomial nomenclature the scientific system of naming each species of organism with a Latinized name in two parts • clades groups of organisms that descended from a single ancestor • clonal pertaining to asexual reproduction • conjugation the temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of se ...
... • binomial nomenclature the scientific system of naming each species of organism with a Latinized name in two parts • clades groups of organisms that descended from a single ancestor • clonal pertaining to asexual reproduction • conjugation the temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of se ...
Elaheh Gholami Parizad.pmd
... ATPase is along with injectisom structure to provide the energy required to move. Two classes of chaperons play role in assembly of injectisom structure, while the three classes of them are involved in secreting proteins in the secretion process27. In plant pathogenic bacteria, the genes that code T ...
... ATPase is along with injectisom structure to provide the energy required to move. Two classes of chaperons play role in assembly of injectisom structure, while the three classes of them are involved in secreting proteins in the secretion process27. In plant pathogenic bacteria, the genes that code T ...
original version
... of each other at the active site. Interestingly, these metal ions are essential for the cleavage of the ester bond on the lactone ring and the proper folding of the enzyme [38]. Besides the zinc ions, the highly conserved metal-binding histidine or the aspartate residues and Tyr-194 in the AiiA demo ...
... of each other at the active site. Interestingly, these metal ions are essential for the cleavage of the ester bond on the lactone ring and the proper folding of the enzyme [38]. Besides the zinc ions, the highly conserved metal-binding histidine or the aspartate residues and Tyr-194 in the AiiA demo ...
Plant pathogenic bacteria
... • Outher capsula (envelope) contains alginate and EPS (extra cellular polysaccharides) ...
... • Outher capsula (envelope) contains alginate and EPS (extra cellular polysaccharides) ...
F
... isolates were used to obtain in-vitro quinolone-resistant mutants in a multistep resistance selection process. The fluoroquinolones used were ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin, trovafloxacin and clinafloxacin. The mutagenicity of these quinolones was determined by the Salmonell ...
... isolates were used to obtain in-vitro quinolone-resistant mutants in a multistep resistance selection process. The fluoroquinolones used were ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin, trovafloxacin and clinafloxacin. The mutagenicity of these quinolones was determined by the Salmonell ...
Rapid Chromatic Detection of Bacteria by Use of a New Biomimetic
... polymer (20). In all such systems, the mechanism for the chromatic transformations corresponds to surface perturbations and fluidity changes within the lipid domains, which induce the structural/chromatic transformations of the adjacent PDA matrix through the molecular interface between the two comp ...
... polymer (20). In all such systems, the mechanism for the chromatic transformations corresponds to surface perturbations and fluidity changes within the lipid domains, which induce the structural/chromatic transformations of the adjacent PDA matrix through the molecular interface between the two comp ...
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. Also termed lateral gene transfer (LGT), it contrasts with vertical transfer, the transmission of genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction. HGT has been shown to be an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.Horizontal gene transfer is the primary reason for bacterial antibiotic resistance, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. This horizontal gene transfer often involves temperate bacteriophages and plasmids. Genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms (e.g., via F-pilus), subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics, which is becoming a medical challenge to deal with.Most thinking in genetics has focused upon vertical transfer, but there is a growing awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon and among single-celled organisms perhaps the dominant form of genetic transfer.Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering.