The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention
... manipulating the cognitive function of interest (i.e., sustained attention) and measuring brain correlates (typically human imaging studies) with results from experiments on the consequences of manipulations in the integrity, excitability, or integrative capacity of defined neuronal circuits on the ...
... manipulating the cognitive function of interest (i.e., sustained attention) and measuring brain correlates (typically human imaging studies) with results from experiments on the consequences of manipulations in the integrity, excitability, or integrative capacity of defined neuronal circuits on the ...
Commentary: Saccadic eye movements
... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... magnitude of synaptic transmission at excitatory recurrent connections. Many abstract models of associative memory function ignore the influence of changes in synaptic strength during the storage process and apply the effect of these changes only during a socalled recall-phase. Efforts to ensure stable ...
... magnitude of synaptic transmission at excitatory recurrent connections. Many abstract models of associative memory function ignore the influence of changes in synaptic strength during the storage process and apply the effect of these changes only during a socalled recall-phase. Efforts to ensure stable ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... presence of visual stimulation, biasing signals due to selective attention can modulate neural activity in visual cortex in several ways. Although the competition among stimuli for representation is ultimately resolved within visual cortex, the source of top-down biasing signals derives from a netwo ...
... presence of visual stimulation, biasing signals due to selective attention can modulate neural activity in visual cortex in several ways. Although the competition among stimuli for representation is ultimately resolved within visual cortex, the source of top-down biasing signals derives from a netwo ...
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal
... How are these rigid, rod-like nerve cells arranged in the cortex? As indicated in Figure 3, they are predominantly oriented perpendicular to the outer surface of the cortex [1]. Moreover, the nerve cells in the cortex arrange themselves into six layers with the morphology differing slightly between ...
... How are these rigid, rod-like nerve cells arranged in the cortex? As indicated in Figure 3, they are predominantly oriented perpendicular to the outer surface of the cortex [1]. Moreover, the nerve cells in the cortex arrange themselves into six layers with the morphology differing slightly between ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... parietal reach region (PRR) and area 5. Monkeys made center-out reaches to eight target locations in an instructed-delay task with a memory component. Neurons in both areas exhibited sustained activity during the delay period that was spatially tuned. Many single cell PRR spectra exhibited spatially ...
... parietal reach region (PRR) and area 5. Monkeys made center-out reaches to eight target locations in an instructed-delay task with a memory component. Neurons in both areas exhibited sustained activity during the delay period that was spatially tuned. Many single cell PRR spectra exhibited spatially ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... (see Figs 3 and 4). One explanation for this finding is that the responses in the pericalcarine area were due to pattern change and not to disparity. Another possible explanation is that subdural electrodes averaged population activity across several disparity columns. In monkeys, at single-cell leve ...
... (see Figs 3 and 4). One explanation for this finding is that the responses in the pericalcarine area were due to pattern change and not to disparity. Another possible explanation is that subdural electrodes averaged population activity across several disparity columns. In monkeys, at single-cell leve ...
Ochsner
... (Construct 3) or top-down, attributional manner (Construct 4); or try to regulate responses to a stimulus in a context appropriate manner (Construct 5). Here, “value” refers to whether a given stimulus is good or bad or should be approached or avoided, whereas “response” refers to the behaviors we m ...
... (Construct 3) or top-down, attributional manner (Construct 4); or try to regulate responses to a stimulus in a context appropriate manner (Construct 5). Here, “value” refers to whether a given stimulus is good or bad or should be approached or avoided, whereas “response” refers to the behaviors we m ...
Representation of naturalistic image structure in the primate visual
... However, in the area immediately downstream, V2, cells respond more vigorously to these stimuli than to matched control stimuli. Humans show BOLD fMRI responses in V1 and V2 that are consistent with the neuronal measurements in macaque. These fMRI measurements, as well as neurophysiological work by ...
... However, in the area immediately downstream, V2, cells respond more vigorously to these stimuli than to matched control stimuli. Humans show BOLD fMRI responses in V1 and V2 that are consistent with the neuronal measurements in macaque. These fMRI measurements, as well as neurophysiological work by ...
Is the cerebellum involved in learning and cognition?
... may play a role in the allocation of attention. Leiner et al. [27,28] provide a less specific hypothesis. They propose that due to its widespread pattern of connectivity, the cerebellum improves the efficiency of communication between different cortical areas. Rigorous tests of these hypotheses have ...
... may play a role in the allocation of attention. Leiner et al. [27,28] provide a less specific hypothesis. They propose that due to its widespread pattern of connectivity, the cerebellum improves the efficiency of communication between different cortical areas. Rigorous tests of these hypotheses have ...
Inhibitory control in high functioning autism: Decreased activation
... neuronal connectivity is essential for the ability to exert top-down control that allows voluntary response suppression. Investigating response inhibition from an underconnectivity perspective places a focus not only on the regions found to be involved in accomplishing inhibition but also on the coo ...
... neuronal connectivity is essential for the ability to exert top-down control that allows voluntary response suppression. Investigating response inhibition from an underconnectivity perspective places a focus not only on the regions found to be involved in accomplishing inhibition but also on the coo ...
A November, 2003 paper on the Pavlovian roots of the approach
... thought, cognition, and feelings to the realm of the unreal, leaving behavior or observable responses to stimuli in the realm of real explanations. Psychology, in Watson's view, could only become a science if, in its explanations, it 'emptied' the organism of all mental concepts. The most explicit ...
... thought, cognition, and feelings to the realm of the unreal, leaving behavior or observable responses to stimuli in the realm of real explanations. Psychology, in Watson's view, could only become a science if, in its explanations, it 'emptied' the organism of all mental concepts. The most explicit ...
Altered Fronto-Striatal and Fronto-Cerebellar Circuits in Heroin
... of interacting brain subsystems in resting state. ...
... of interacting brain subsystems in resting state. ...
Neural processes underlying conscious perception
... Tong et al. used this binocular rivalry phenomenon in an fMRI experiment where the rivaling stimuli were a picture of a house and a picture of a face. Reported changes in conscious perception from ‘‘house’’ to ‘‘face’’ were reflected in an increase in the bold response in the fusiform face area and a ...
... Tong et al. used this binocular rivalry phenomenon in an fMRI experiment where the rivaling stimuli were a picture of a house and a picture of a face. Reported changes in conscious perception from ‘‘house’’ to ‘‘face’’ were reflected in an increase in the bold response in the fusiform face area and a ...
Multiple Representation in Primate SI
... In somatosensory and auditory cortices, neurophysiological/imaging correlations also exist (cf. Bakin et al., 1996; Harel et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2001; Spitzer et al., 2001). Interpretation of optical images requires careful attention to stimulus design, multiple types of image analysis, and, if ...
... In somatosensory and auditory cortices, neurophysiological/imaging correlations also exist (cf. Bakin et al., 1996; Harel et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2001; Spitzer et al., 2001). Interpretation of optical images requires careful attention to stimulus design, multiple types of image analysis, and, if ...
neuron number decreases in the rat ventral, but not dorsal, medial
... software program automatically and randomly moves a counting frame containing appropriate ‘acceptance’ and ‘forbidden’ lines (area or Aframe of 45⫻45 m and height (h) of the section thickness excluding the 3 m thick guard zones) within each region of interest in order to obtain correct stereologic ...
... software program automatically and randomly moves a counting frame containing appropriate ‘acceptance’ and ‘forbidden’ lines (area or Aframe of 45⫻45 m and height (h) of the section thickness excluding the 3 m thick guard zones) within each region of interest in order to obtain correct stereologic ...
Uncomfortable images produce non-sparse responses in a model of
... occupy a narrower range within this bracket, and therefore these stimuli can be even more optimally, and sparsely, encoded [9–13]. An important, and hitherto neglected consequence of this specialization is that the responses to images with atypical statistical properties will be non-optimal. Thus, s ...
... occupy a narrower range within this bracket, and therefore these stimuli can be even more optimally, and sparsely, encoded [9–13]. An important, and hitherto neglected consequence of this specialization is that the responses to images with atypical statistical properties will be non-optimal. Thus, s ...
Aberrant Localization of Synchronous Hemodynamic
... areas can be assessed with fMRI by taking a seed point (voxel) from within the motor cortex and correlating the fMRI time course from this voxel to all the other fMRI time courses within the brain (typically after low-pass filtering to remove highfrequency noise) (Xiong et al 1999). Voxels from ipsi ...
... areas can be assessed with fMRI by taking a seed point (voxel) from within the motor cortex and correlating the fMRI time course from this voxel to all the other fMRI time courses within the brain (typically after low-pass filtering to remove highfrequency noise) (Xiong et al 1999). Voxels from ipsi ...
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 6 Visually Guided Actions
... Recall that the ventral stream is subject coded in a somatotopic frame. C: The auditory system to perspective illusions. The length of line may initially codes sound location in a head centered frame. not be what we perceive them to be. The dorsal stream is not subject to these illusions. This makes ...
... Recall that the ventral stream is subject coded in a somatotopic frame. C: The auditory system to perspective illusions. The length of line may initially codes sound location in a head centered frame. not be what we perceive them to be. The dorsal stream is not subject to these illusions. This makes ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... saccade. Some neurons in the FEF are activated specifically for stimuli under no-go conditions (Sommer and Wurtz, 2001). Both of these mechanisms can be considered aspects of global suppression: the monkey is instructed not to make any saccade at all. However, in the real world most choices are not ...
... saccade. Some neurons in the FEF are activated specifically for stimuli under no-go conditions (Sommer and Wurtz, 2001). Both of these mechanisms can be considered aspects of global suppression: the monkey is instructed not to make any saccade at all. However, in the real world most choices are not ...
Fact vs fiction—how paratextual information
... (Schacter et al., 2008) and complex imagery of hypothetical events (Addis et al., 2009). In addition to the IPL, we therefore expect the lateral prefrontal cortex (including FPC and DLPFC) to be engaged in reading fiction. According to Mar and Oatley, (2008), especially fictional texts have the capa ...
... (Schacter et al., 2008) and complex imagery of hypothetical events (Addis et al., 2009). In addition to the IPL, we therefore expect the lateral prefrontal cortex (including FPC and DLPFC) to be engaged in reading fiction. According to Mar and Oatley, (2008), especially fictional texts have the capa ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... executed actions (Arbib, 2002). A region with properties similar to those of mirror neurons would be active during performance of a specific action, but would show additional activity when this action was guided by observation of the same action performed by another. This pattern of activity has bee ...
... executed actions (Arbib, 2002). A region with properties similar to those of mirror neurons would be active during performance of a specific action, but would show additional activity when this action was guided by observation of the same action performed by another. This pattern of activity has bee ...
Imitation, mirror neurons and autism
... repetitive and restricted patterns of behaviour. In those children with autism as opposed to Asperger's syndrome, the disorder has an onset before the age of 3 years and is associated with delayed and abnormal language development [6±8]. The condition is heterogeneous, both with respect to cause and ...
... repetitive and restricted patterns of behaviour. In those children with autism as opposed to Asperger's syndrome, the disorder has an onset before the age of 3 years and is associated with delayed and abnormal language development [6±8]. The condition is heterogeneous, both with respect to cause and ...
Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition,
... are closely tied to the actual motor response, in this case within the oculomotor domain. This is one example where the response properties of prefrontal neurons are intricately linked to their executive functions. Another difference involves the nature of the visual receptive fields in the two regi ...
... are closely tied to the actual motor response, in this case within the oculomotor domain. This is one example where the response properties of prefrontal neurons are intricately linked to their executive functions. Another difference involves the nature of the visual receptive fields in the two regi ...
Cognitive Science: Emerging Perspectives and Approaches
... terms of digital or discrete and analog representations. Symbolic approaches to mind have opted for essentially discrete representations. Connectionist approaches typically favor analog representations. The type of representations used in the connectionist approach is usually subsymbolic i.e., repre ...
... terms of digital or discrete and analog representations. Symbolic approaches to mind have opted for essentially discrete representations. Connectionist approaches typically favor analog representations. The type of representations used in the connectionist approach is usually subsymbolic i.e., repre ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.