Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... important fact is that a neuron which spikes will be on average more likely to have a positive noise component than a negative one (because positive noise components lead to an increased membrane potential, which in turn increases the probability of spiking). In order to simulate the effect of negat ...
... important fact is that a neuron which spikes will be on average more likely to have a positive noise component than a negative one (because positive noise components lead to an increased membrane potential, which in turn increases the probability of spiking). In order to simulate the effect of negat ...
~ Pergamon
... dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons in structurally and functionally distinct prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey. This class of neurons express nitric oxide synthase which is necessary for the production of nitric oxide, a novel neural messenger implicated in learning and memory ...
... dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons in structurally and functionally distinct prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey. This class of neurons express nitric oxide synthase which is necessary for the production of nitric oxide, a novel neural messenger implicated in learning and memory ...
Modulation of early cortical processing during divided attention to
... movements. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent and received a m ...
... movements. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent and received a m ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... genes, to analyzing the effects of their deletion, the idea is emerging that some behavioral problems related to repetitive, over-focused behaviors could result in part from imbalances between striosome and matrix processing. And through this all, despite the still limited methods for seeing into th ...
... genes, to analyzing the effects of their deletion, the idea is emerging that some behavioral problems related to repetitive, over-focused behaviors could result in part from imbalances between striosome and matrix processing. And through this all, despite the still limited methods for seeing into th ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... Lessons from Sensory Cortex Of all cortical regions in the brain, the most extensively studied is sensory cortex. In particular, the visual cortex of the macaque monkey has been the focus of much interest due to its parallels with the human visual system (Kaas, 1992). Visual cortex, like other senso ...
... Lessons from Sensory Cortex Of all cortical regions in the brain, the most extensively studied is sensory cortex. In particular, the visual cortex of the macaque monkey has been the focus of much interest due to its parallels with the human visual system (Kaas, 1992). Visual cortex, like other senso ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... dl; > 1200 PmolAiter), it rarely succeeds in bringing them down to normal (2 mg/dl). For this reason, even children treated early for PKU and maintained on diet have moderately elevated plasma levels of Phe (4-l 0 mg/dl). Children with mild hyperphenylalaninemia have comparable elevations in plasma ...
... dl; > 1200 PmolAiter), it rarely succeeds in bringing them down to normal (2 mg/dl). For this reason, even children treated early for PKU and maintained on diet have moderately elevated plasma levels of Phe (4-l 0 mg/dl). Children with mild hyperphenylalaninemia have comparable elevations in plasma ...
Likelihood approaches to sensory coding in auditory cortex
... equation (1) to the dependent neural response of interest—which in this case was response latency. The details of the approximation techniques can be found in Jenison et al (1998, 2001a). The linear combination of spherical basis functions effectively performs spatial lowpass filtering of the observ ...
... equation (1) to the dependent neural response of interest—which in this case was response latency. The details of the approximation techniques can be found in Jenison et al (1998, 2001a). The linear combination of spherical basis functions effectively performs spatial lowpass filtering of the observ ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... interval time rather than to the color of the visual signal. This observation indicates that the preSMA is involved in retrieving information pertaining to the duration of time to structure the forthcoming motor behavior. Second, during the preparatory period preceding the initiation of the key-rele ...
... interval time rather than to the color of the visual signal. This observation indicates that the preSMA is involved in retrieving information pertaining to the duration of time to structure the forthcoming motor behavior. Second, during the preparatory period preceding the initiation of the key-rele ...
Engagement of brain areas implicated in processing inner speech in
... similar paradigm in another group of hallucination-prone participants again demonstrated normal activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus and attenuated activation of the right temporal cortex (Shergill et al, al, 2000b 2000b). In addition, there was relatively attenuated activation in the parah ...
... similar paradigm in another group of hallucination-prone participants again demonstrated normal activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus and attenuated activation of the right temporal cortex (Shergill et al, al, 2000b 2000b). In addition, there was relatively attenuated activation in the parah ...
Cerebral cortex and the clinical expression of
... a progressive movement disorder dominated by neostriatal pathology represent.The availability of novel neuroimaging methods has enabled us to evaluate cerebral cortical changes in HD, which we have found to occur early and to be topographically selective. What is less clear, however, is how these ch ...
... a progressive movement disorder dominated by neostriatal pathology represent.The availability of novel neuroimaging methods has enabled us to evaluate cerebral cortical changes in HD, which we have found to occur early and to be topographically selective. What is less clear, however, is how these ch ...
Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... meaningful groupings or categories. This process of abstracting and storing the commonalities among like-themed individuals is fundamental to cognitive processing because it imparts knowledge. For example, knowing that a new gadget is a “camera” instantly and effortlessly provides a great deal of in ...
... meaningful groupings or categories. This process of abstracting and storing the commonalities among like-themed individuals is fundamental to cognitive processing because it imparts knowledge. For example, knowing that a new gadget is a “camera” instantly and effortlessly provides a great deal of in ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
... between neurophysiological measurements in a single experiment, here we extend this definition to include patterns of coactivation across different studies in different subjects. Functional connectivity thus defined does not necessarily rely upon direct (monosynaptic) anatomical connections. Conversel ...
... between neurophysiological measurements in a single experiment, here we extend this definition to include patterns of coactivation across different studies in different subjects. Functional connectivity thus defined does not necessarily rely upon direct (monosynaptic) anatomical connections. Conversel ...
Ventromedial frontal cortex mediates affective shifting in
... It has been reported that patients with VMF lesions performing a complex gambling task are unable to change response strategies in the face of accumulating evidence that an initially preferred choice is detrimental in the long run (Bechara et al., 1997, 2000). Using simpler tasks that directly teste ...
... It has been reported that patients with VMF lesions performing a complex gambling task are unable to change response strategies in the face of accumulating evidence that an initially preferred choice is detrimental in the long run (Bechara et al., 1997, 2000). Using simpler tasks that directly teste ...
BRAIN Response inhibition and serotonin in autism: depletion
... (WHO, 1992). There is substantial indirect evidence that these symptoms are underpinned by deficits in executive function and in particular inhibitory control (Hill, 2004). The neuroanatomical systems proposed to be involved in the RSRB typically found in ASD include the inferior frontal and cingula ...
... (WHO, 1992). There is substantial indirect evidence that these symptoms are underpinned by deficits in executive function and in particular inhibitory control (Hill, 2004). The neuroanatomical systems proposed to be involved in the RSRB typically found in ASD include the inferior frontal and cingula ...
Neuron
... (Petrides and Pandya, 1994; Schall, 1997; Tehovnik et al., 2000). The human FEF has been assigned to Brodmann’s cytoarchitectonic area 6 (BA 6) (Brodmann, 1909) by recent neuroimaging studies (Paus, 1996; Corbetta et al., 1998; Luna et al., 1998), whereas the monkey FEF has been assigned to BA 8 (Br ...
... (Petrides and Pandya, 1994; Schall, 1997; Tehovnik et al., 2000). The human FEF has been assigned to Brodmann’s cytoarchitectonic area 6 (BA 6) (Brodmann, 1909) by recent neuroimaging studies (Paus, 1996; Corbetta et al., 1998; Luna et al., 1998), whereas the monkey FEF has been assigned to BA 8 (Br ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... 2003). At the level of the prefrontal cortex, neurons appear to be mostly sensitive to the category membership of an object, independent of its specific sensory features (Freedman et al. ...
... 2003). At the level of the prefrontal cortex, neurons appear to be mostly sensitive to the category membership of an object, independent of its specific sensory features (Freedman et al. ...
Dimensions of integration in embedded and extended cognitive
... parts of a distributed or extended cognitive process. Cognitive states and processes are thus conceptualized as hybrids or amalgamations of neurological, bodily, and environmental objects and processes (Wilson 2004; Rowlands 1999, 2010). On this view, some of the vehicles of cognitive processes are ...
... parts of a distributed or extended cognitive process. Cognitive states and processes are thus conceptualized as hybrids or amalgamations of neurological, bodily, and environmental objects and processes (Wilson 2004; Rowlands 1999, 2010). On this view, some of the vehicles of cognitive processes are ...
Lateral olfactory processing
... should both reduce the effective dynamic range of the PNs and increase the number of odorants to which they respond. It will also be interesting to explore the functional consequences of the unusual combination of ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors in mediating this inhibition. The Dr ...
... should both reduce the effective dynamic range of the PNs and increase the number of odorants to which they respond. It will also be interesting to explore the functional consequences of the unusual combination of ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors in mediating this inhibition. The Dr ...
Winstanley et al. - Rudolf Cardinal
... Behavioral testing. The behavioral apparatus and testing procedure have been described previously in detail (Cardinal et al., 2000). Testing occurred in eight operant conditioning chambers (Med Associates, Georgia, VT) fitted with two retractable levers located on either side of a food magazine, int ...
... Behavioral testing. The behavioral apparatus and testing procedure have been described previously in detail (Cardinal et al., 2000). Testing occurred in eight operant conditioning chambers (Med Associates, Georgia, VT) fitted with two retractable levers located on either side of a food magazine, int ...
Neuropsychologia fMRI evidence for strategic decision
... semantic resources are required in order to interpret the gender attributes of a pronoun and a potential referent. For example, “she” can refer to “nun” but does not ordinarily refer to “king” (here and throughout the paper, we do not consider non-standard uses of pronouns for metaphor and other pra ...
... semantic resources are required in order to interpret the gender attributes of a pronoun and a potential referent. For example, “she” can refer to “nun” but does not ordinarily refer to “king” (here and throughout the paper, we do not consider non-standard uses of pronouns for metaphor and other pra ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
Firing characteristics of deep layer neurons in prefrontal cortex in
... al., 1994). Furthermore, prefrontal multi-unit firing rates are selectively altered during the delay period before a ‘go’ signal in rats that have been trained to perform a delayed go/no-go alternation task (Sakurai and Sugimoto, 1986). While single-cell data from prefrontal cortical regions in rats ...
... al., 1994). Furthermore, prefrontal multi-unit firing rates are selectively altered during the delay period before a ‘go’ signal in rats that have been trained to perform a delayed go/no-go alternation task (Sakurai and Sugimoto, 1986). While single-cell data from prefrontal cortical regions in rats ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... engaged by changes in problem representation. There is considerable evidence to support the assumption that the parietal region plays an important role in visual--spatial and verbal representations. It is engaged in verbal encoding (Davachi et al. 2001; Clark and Wagner 2003), mental rotation (Alivi ...
... engaged by changes in problem representation. There is considerable evidence to support the assumption that the parietal region plays an important role in visual--spatial and verbal representations. It is engaged in verbal encoding (Davachi et al. 2001; Clark and Wagner 2003), mental rotation (Alivi ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.