Studies on non-linear heating of the lower ionosphere
... Numerical analysis of expression (7) is done using the values of different parameters involved for the upper D-region of the ionosphere (65-80 km), where the influence of magnetic field has been introduced through the expressions of various conductivities of the medium. It is found that the heating ...
... Numerical analysis of expression (7) is done using the values of different parameters involved for the upper D-region of the ionosphere (65-80 km), where the influence of magnetic field has been introduced through the expressions of various conductivities of the medium. It is found that the heating ...
Field emission of Electrons from Negatively Charged Cylindrical
... been pointed out by Mendis et al. [1], Mendis [2], Shukla [3], Shukla and Mamun [4] and Fortov et al. [5] that there are many situations in space and laboratory, where the large negative charge and small radius of the dust particles cause a sufficiently large electric field at the surface, which is ...
... been pointed out by Mendis et al. [1], Mendis [2], Shukla [3], Shukla and Mamun [4] and Fortov et al. [5] that there are many situations in space and laboratory, where the large negative charge and small radius of the dust particles cause a sufficiently large electric field at the surface, which is ...
Part 1
... 8.0x10-14 N toward the west when it moves vertically upward. When moving horizontally in a northern direction, it feels zero force. Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field in this region. (The charge on a proton is q=+e=1.6x10-19 C.) F = qvBsin , = 90 ...
... 8.0x10-14 N toward the west when it moves vertically upward. When moving horizontally in a northern direction, it feels zero force. Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field in this region. (The charge on a proton is q=+e=1.6x10-19 C.) F = qvBsin , = 90 ...
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES * GLASS AND SOIL
... expected to exhibit only one refractive index value, however, many solids that are crystalline in nature will have two refractive indices whose values in part depend on the direction in which the light enters the crystal with respect to the crystal axis ...
... expected to exhibit only one refractive index value, however, many solids that are crystalline in nature will have two refractive indices whose values in part depend on the direction in which the light enters the crystal with respect to the crystal axis ...
Electricity and Magnetism Pt 2
... • All matter is made of atoms. o Negative electrons moving around the nuclei of atoms. ...
... • All matter is made of atoms. o Negative electrons moving around the nuclei of atoms. ...
An Introduction to Gauge theory - Department of Physics
... 5 Yang Mills Gauge Theory The final part of this paper will discuss modern gauge theory and how it originated from a paper that was initially dismissed due to mass requirements that were not observed. We begin by making the assumption that the proton and neutron are actually the same particle, just ...
... 5 Yang Mills Gauge Theory The final part of this paper will discuss modern gauge theory and how it originated from a paper that was initially dismissed due to mass requirements that were not observed. We begin by making the assumption that the proton and neutron are actually the same particle, just ...
Experimental Techniques
... The Hall effect [2] (or ordinary Hall effect, OHE) is a well known and studied phenomenon, characterized by the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor or semiconductor, transverse to an electric current in the material, and a magnetic field perpendicular ...
... The Hall effect [2] (or ordinary Hall effect, OHE) is a well known and studied phenomenon, characterized by the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor or semiconductor, transverse to an electric current in the material, and a magnetic field perpendicular ...
Magnetic Fields FACILITATOR NOTES
... introductory demonstration and to establish a system for representing the three-dimensional characteristics of electromagnetic interactions. Have students work in groups to discuss their diagrams, but each student should draw the results for himself or herself. The exact curvature is not important, ...
... introductory demonstration and to establish a system for representing the three-dimensional characteristics of electromagnetic interactions. Have students work in groups to discuss their diagrams, but each student should draw the results for himself or herself. The exact curvature is not important, ...
Formation of intermetallic compounds upon cooling of Sn1
... From the results of the X-ray studies of liquid and solid Sn1-xZrx alloys one can conclude that the influence of structural features in the liquid at the starting stage of the crystallization process is significant. A tendency towards the formation of chemically ordered structural units, whose struc ...
... From the results of the X-ray studies of liquid and solid Sn1-xZrx alloys one can conclude that the influence of structural features in the liquid at the starting stage of the crystallization process is significant. A tendency towards the formation of chemically ordered structural units, whose struc ...
critical fields of thin superconducting films
... Critical fields for a phase transition of the second kind are determined for thin films over the whole temperature range. Both pure films as well as those containing various concentrations of impurities are considered. The reflection of electrons from the surface of the film is assumed to be diffuse ...
... Critical fields for a phase transition of the second kind are determined for thin films over the whole temperature range. Both pure films as well as those containing various concentrations of impurities are considered. The reflection of electrons from the surface of the film is assumed to be diffuse ...
Spintronic materials based on main-group elements
... splitting in the case of a magnetic system, while the second degeneracy can be strongly lifted by the chemical bonding in a solid. Consequently, the net result is very much dependent on details of the bandstructure. In NiMnSb, for example, it is minimal, since the three bands intersecting the Fermi ...
... splitting in the case of a magnetic system, while the second degeneracy can be strongly lifted by the chemical bonding in a solid. Consequently, the net result is very much dependent on details of the bandstructure. In NiMnSb, for example, it is minimal, since the three bands intersecting the Fermi ...
Lecture 18:
... Measuring the Fermi surface Fermi surface measurements require pure single crystal at low temperatures and is frequently perform in very strong magnetic fields. The shape of the Fermi surface is intimately involved in the transport coefficients of a metal as well as in the equilibrium and optical p ...
... Measuring the Fermi surface Fermi surface measurements require pure single crystal at low temperatures and is frequently perform in very strong magnetic fields. The shape of the Fermi surface is intimately involved in the transport coefficients of a metal as well as in the equilibrium and optical p ...
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by using physical laws. In particular, these include the laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics.The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, while more exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at low temperature, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices, and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in cold atomic systems. The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and the Division of Condensed Matter Physics is the largest division at the American Physical Society. The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics. Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.A variety of topics in physics such as crystallography, metallurgy, elasticity, magnetism, etc., were treated as distinct areas, until the 1940s when they were grouped together as solid state physics. Around the 1960s, the study of physical properties of liquids was added to this list, forming the basis for the new, related specialty of condensed matter physics. According to physicist Phil Anderson, the term was coined by him and Volker Heine when they changed the name of their group at the Cavendish Laboratories, Cambridge from ""Solid state theory"" to ""Theory of Condensed Matter"" in 1967, as they felt it did not exclude their interests in the study of liquids, nuclear matter and so on. Although Anderson and Heine helped popularize the name ""condensed matter"", it had been present in Europe for some years, most prominently in the form of a journal published in English, French, and German by Springer-Verlag titled Physics of Condensed Matter, which was launched in 1963. The funding environment and Cold War politics of the 1960s and 1970s were also factors that lead some physicists to prefer the name ""condensed matter physics"", which emphasized the commonality of scientific problems encountered by physicists working on solids, liquids, plasmas, and other complex matter, over ""solid state physics"", which was often associated with the industrial applications of metals and semiconductors. The Bell Telephone Laboratories was one of the first institutes to conduct a research program in condensed matter physics.References to ""condensed"" state can be traced to earlier sources. For example, in the introduction to his 1947 ""Kinetic theory of liquids"" book, Yakov Frenkel proposed that ""The kinetic theory of liquids must accordingly be developed as a generalization and extension of the kinetic theory of solid bodies"". As a matter of fact, it would be more correct to unify them under the title of ""condensed bodies"".