Theory of the quantized Hall effect 1. Introduction
... However, the theory is complex, and frequently presents methodological difficulties typical of many-body problems. On the other hand it is difficult to conciliate the high numerical precision of Hall resistance plateaus, with the idea of a system that should be essentially disordered. ...
... However, the theory is complex, and frequently presents methodological difficulties typical of many-body problems. On the other hand it is difficult to conciliate the high numerical precision of Hall resistance plateaus, with the idea of a system that should be essentially disordered. ...
How Supercomputers Will Yield a Golden Age of
... powerful supercomputers could make possible. These P&G executives wanted to find a better cathode material for the alkaline batteries made by their Duracell division. They asked us a surprising question: Would it would be possible to computationally screen all known compounds to look for something ...
... powerful supercomputers could make possible. These P&G executives wanted to find a better cathode material for the alkaline batteries made by their Duracell division. They asked us a surprising question: Would it would be possible to computationally screen all known compounds to look for something ...
an experimental investigation of the doppler effect at the elec
... one can excite oscillations with different space distributions. That property can give possibility to measure the velocity distribution function with resolution along the radius, i.e., f(v,r) instead f(v). In our experiments the velocity distribution function was measured for two oscillation modes w ...
... one can excite oscillations with different space distributions. That property can give possibility to measure the velocity distribution function with resolution along the radius, i.e., f(v,r) instead f(v). In our experiments the velocity distribution function was measured for two oscillation modes w ...
The birth of topological insulators
... There is also, however, a ‘strong’ topological insulator, which has a more subtle relationship to the 2D case; the relationship is that in two dimensions it is possible to connect ordinary insulators and topological insulators smoothly by breaking time-reversal symmetry7. Such a continuous interpola ...
... There is also, however, a ‘strong’ topological insulator, which has a more subtle relationship to the 2D case; the relationship is that in two dimensions it is possible to connect ordinary insulators and topological insulators smoothly by breaking time-reversal symmetry7. Such a continuous interpola ...
Electron Transport Properties of Ternary alloys Gallium Indium
... inter-valley scattering begins and an energy balance is reestablished. In Fig. 6, we also plot the fractional electron occupancy of the central conduction band valley as a function of the applied field for zinc blend InP at 300 K, these results being from Monte Carlo simulations of electron transpor ...
... inter-valley scattering begins and an energy balance is reestablished. In Fig. 6, we also plot the fractional electron occupancy of the central conduction band valley as a function of the applied field for zinc blend InP at 300 K, these results being from Monte Carlo simulations of electron transpor ...
Lattice QCD in strong magnetic fields 1 Introduction
... There are various vacuum effects which appear due to the strong external magnetic fields (here we do not discuss interesting phenomena that may emerge in a dense quark matter). Enhancement and shift of the chiral phase transition. Theoretically, the very strong magnetic fields may significantly modi ...
... There are various vacuum effects which appear due to the strong external magnetic fields (here we do not discuss interesting phenomena that may emerge in a dense quark matter). Enhancement and shift of the chiral phase transition. Theoretically, the very strong magnetic fields may significantly modi ...
FIP Enhancement by Alfvén Ionization
... the solar wind. Table 1 presents a selected list of solar photospheric elements, using data from Asplund, Grevesse & Sauval (2005). Notice that the elements are ordered in terms of their critical Alfvén velocity, rather than first ionization potential. The significance of this ordering will become ...
... the solar wind. Table 1 presents a selected list of solar photospheric elements, using data from Asplund, Grevesse & Sauval (2005). Notice that the elements are ordered in terms of their critical Alfvén velocity, rather than first ionization potential. The significance of this ordering will become ...
Unit_9_AP_Practice_Problems--
... 10. *A straight wire 0.10 m long carrying a current of 2.0 A is at right angles to a magnetic field. The force on the wire is 0.04 N. What is the strength of the magnetic field? (0.2 T) 11. A wire 0.50 m long carrying a current of 8.0 A is at right angles to a 0.40 T magnetic field. How strong a for ...
... 10. *A straight wire 0.10 m long carrying a current of 2.0 A is at right angles to a magnetic field. The force on the wire is 0.04 N. What is the strength of the magnetic field? (0.2 T) 11. A wire 0.50 m long carrying a current of 8.0 A is at right angles to a 0.40 T magnetic field. How strong a for ...
11510079-c-A-6.pdf
... trasonics, linear and rotary micropositioning devices, and sonar. Potential applications include microrobotics, active surgical tools, adaptive optics, and miniaturized actuators. The problems associated with active materials are multi-physics in nature and involve solving coupled boundary value pro ...
... trasonics, linear and rotary micropositioning devices, and sonar. Potential applications include microrobotics, active surgical tools, adaptive optics, and miniaturized actuators. The problems associated with active materials are multi-physics in nature and involve solving coupled boundary value pro ...
Adobe Acrobat file ()
... Review Problem: A rectangular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field with the plane of the loop parallel to the direction of the field. If a current is made to flow through the loop in the sense shown by the arrows, the field exerts on the loop: 1. a net force. 2. a net torque. 3. a net force an ...
... Review Problem: A rectangular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field with the plane of the loop parallel to the direction of the field. If a current is made to flow through the loop in the sense shown by the arrows, the field exerts on the loop: 1. a net force. 2. a net torque. 3. a net force an ...
Electronic transport through carbon nanotubes S. K
... giant magnetoresistance effect can occur (for an excellent review on spin-transport in nanoscopic systems see Ref. [9]). Here, it is defined as GMR = (G↑↑ – G↑↓)/G↑↑, where the arrows ↑↑ and ↑↓ denote aligned and anti-aligned magnetization orientations of the electrodes. Motivated by recent experime ...
... giant magnetoresistance effect can occur (for an excellent review on spin-transport in nanoscopic systems see Ref. [9]). Here, it is defined as GMR = (G↑↑ – G↑↓)/G↑↑, where the arrows ↑↑ and ↑↓ denote aligned and anti-aligned magnetization orientations of the electrodes. Motivated by recent experime ...
Quantum Theory
... quantized energy correctly accounted for blackbody radiation, but the only reason he could offer for this remarkable behavior was that it worked. Another observation of the late 1800’s that could not be understood with the classical picture of light was that when certain metals were irradiated with ...
... quantized energy correctly accounted for blackbody radiation, but the only reason he could offer for this remarkable behavior was that it worked. Another observation of the late 1800’s that could not be understood with the classical picture of light was that when certain metals were irradiated with ...
3D Electromagnetic Field Simulation in Microwave Ovens: a Tool to
... ovens, in order to avoid overheating points that can destroy the material at a local level. This phenomenon, known as thermal runaway, has been observed in different materials, including zirconia [5], alumina [6] and nylon [7]. To understand and control that problem, we have to ...
... ovens, in order to avoid overheating points that can destroy the material at a local level. This phenomenon, known as thermal runaway, has been observed in different materials, including zirconia [5], alumina [6] and nylon [7]. To understand and control that problem, we have to ...
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by using physical laws. In particular, these include the laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics.The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, while more exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at low temperature, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices, and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in cold atomic systems. The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and the Division of Condensed Matter Physics is the largest division at the American Physical Society. The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics. Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.A variety of topics in physics such as crystallography, metallurgy, elasticity, magnetism, etc., were treated as distinct areas, until the 1940s when they were grouped together as solid state physics. Around the 1960s, the study of physical properties of liquids was added to this list, forming the basis for the new, related specialty of condensed matter physics. According to physicist Phil Anderson, the term was coined by him and Volker Heine when they changed the name of their group at the Cavendish Laboratories, Cambridge from ""Solid state theory"" to ""Theory of Condensed Matter"" in 1967, as they felt it did not exclude their interests in the study of liquids, nuclear matter and so on. Although Anderson and Heine helped popularize the name ""condensed matter"", it had been present in Europe for some years, most prominently in the form of a journal published in English, French, and German by Springer-Verlag titled Physics of Condensed Matter, which was launched in 1963. The funding environment and Cold War politics of the 1960s and 1970s were also factors that lead some physicists to prefer the name ""condensed matter physics"", which emphasized the commonality of scientific problems encountered by physicists working on solids, liquids, plasmas, and other complex matter, over ""solid state physics"", which was often associated with the industrial applications of metals and semiconductors. The Bell Telephone Laboratories was one of the first institutes to conduct a research program in condensed matter physics.References to ""condensed"" state can be traced to earlier sources. For example, in the introduction to his 1947 ""Kinetic theory of liquids"" book, Yakov Frenkel proposed that ""The kinetic theory of liquids must accordingly be developed as a generalization and extension of the kinetic theory of solid bodies"". As a matter of fact, it would be more correct to unify them under the title of ""condensed bodies"".