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The Rise of Islam
The Rise of Islam

... north were also weak at this time, and the Arabs took advantage of that.  Finally, many people who lived in those empires did not support the official religions. ...
WHAP Student Copy Sharia Sufis and Cultural Encounters in the
WHAP Student Copy Sharia Sufis and Cultural Encounters in the

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Chapter 7
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... Islam, but they differ in religious practices and laws. Sufis, who may be Sunni or Shiite, meditate and fast to gain communion with God. In the 700s, a powerful Meccan clan set up the Sunni Umayyad caliphate. They directed conquests that extended Muslim rule from Spain to the Indus River Valley. The ...
Ch 5 Study Guide
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Chapter 12: The World of Islam
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... The idea of building bridges with the Islamic world and these organization is very naive and dangerous. Here is what Seyyid Qutb the father of modern day Jihad said about outreach: “The chasm between Islam and Jahiliyyah (nonMuslims) is great, and a bridge is not to be built across it so that the pe ...
Pivotal Point in Muslim History
Pivotal Point in Muslim History

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cmeproject
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The Golden Age of Islam - White Plains Public Schools
The Golden Age of Islam - White Plains Public Schools

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Christians and Jews in the Muslim World
Christians and Jews in the Muslim World

... course, contingent upon regular payment of the jizya. As a financial burden, the jizya affected the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims, and caused some local conflicts and resistance. In one instance, the Banu Taghlib, an influential mostly Christian Arab tribe, refused to pay the jizya to ...
The Islamic World: Reading Notes
The Islamic World: Reading Notes

... Who was the first caliph? What region did Muslims first unify, and what caliph led this unification? Why do you think Umayyad caliphs moved the capital from Medina to Damascus? Why do you think trade flourished in coastal cities? What feature of Arabia gave Muslim merchants easy access to many parts ...
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Ch. 11 Power Point
Ch. 11 Power Point

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A letter to my church about Islam
A letter to my church about Islam

... I can't give a balanced account of Islam in a brief note. I do want to say two things. First, it is undeniable that, in certain contexts, the Quran sanctions the use of force to defend and promote the honour of Islam. And Muhammad himself was a highly successful military commander, inspiring the inc ...
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Dhimmi

A dhimmī (Arabic: ذمي‎ ḏimmī, IPA: [ˈðɪmmiː], collectively أهل الذمة ahl al-ḏimmah/dhimmah ""the people of the dhimma"") is a historical term referring to non-Muslim citizens of an Islamic state. The word literally means ""protected person."" According to scholars, dhimmis had their rights fully protected in their communities, but as citizens in the Islamic state, had certain restrictions, and it was obligatory for them to pay the jizya tax. Dhimmis were excluded from specific duties assigned to Muslims, and did not enjoy certain political rights reserved for Muslims, but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation. They were also exempted from the zakat tax paid by Muslims and from obligatory military service for all able bodied men.Under sharia, the dhimmi communities were usually subjected to their own special laws, rather than some of the laws which were applicable only to the Muslim community. For example, the Jewish community in Medina was allowed to have its own Halakha courts, and the Ottoman millet system allowed its various dhimmi communities to rule themselves under separate legal courts. These courts did not cover cases that involved religious groups outside of their own community, or capital offences. Dhimmi communities were also allowed to engage in certain practices that were usually forbidden for the Muslim community, such as the consumption of alcohol and pork.Historically, dhimmi status was originally applied to Jews, Christians, and Sabians. This status later also came to be applied to Zoroastrians, Mandaeans, Hindus, and Buddhists. Eventually, the Hanafi, the largest school of Islamic jurisprudence, and the Maliki, the second largest school of Islamic jurisprudence, applied this term to all non-Muslims living in Islamic lands outside the sacred area surrounding Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia. Some modern Hanafi scholars, however, do not make any legal distinction between a non-Muslim dhimmi and a Muslim citizen.The overwhelming majority of moderate Muslims reject the dhimma system as ahistorical, in the sense that it is inappropriate for the age of nation-states and democracies.
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