The Classification of Galaxies By Daniel Underwood Contents The
... accepted by astronomers that there were other galaxies than our own in the cosmos. However, it wasn’t immediately recognised that these nebulae were actually galaxies like our own, it took time to realise that they weren’t gaseous, but actually massive collections of stars. These masses outside the ...
... accepted by astronomers that there were other galaxies than our own in the cosmos. However, it wasn’t immediately recognised that these nebulae were actually galaxies like our own, it took time to realise that they weren’t gaseous, but actually massive collections of stars. These masses outside the ...
Frontiers of Astrophysics - Space Telescope Science Institute
... Redshift z : 1+z gives the ratio of the radius of the Universe today and that at a given epoch in the past . It also gives the ratio of the ...
... Redshift z : 1+z gives the ratio of the radius of the Universe today and that at a given epoch in the past . It also gives the ratio of the ...
Today in Astronomy 102: observations of stellar
... Distinctive features that can indicate the presence of a black hole Observe two or more of these features to “find” a black hole: Gravitational deflection of light, by an amount requiring black hole masses and sizes. X-ray and/or -ray emission from ionized gas falling into the black hole. Or ...
... Distinctive features that can indicate the presence of a black hole Observe two or more of these features to “find” a black hole: Gravitational deflection of light, by an amount requiring black hole masses and sizes. X-ray and/or -ray emission from ionized gas falling into the black hole. Or ...
26.4 Groups of Stars
... The Milky Way Galaxy The Milky Way galaxy has an estimated 200 to 400 billion stars and a diameter of more than 100,000 light years. Every individual star that you can see with the unaided eye is in our galaxy. The solar system lies in the Milky Way’s disk within a spiral arm, about two thirds of th ...
... The Milky Way Galaxy The Milky Way galaxy has an estimated 200 to 400 billion stars and a diameter of more than 100,000 light years. Every individual star that you can see with the unaided eye is in our galaxy. The solar system lies in the Milky Way’s disk within a spiral arm, about two thirds of th ...
The Death of a Star
... white dwarf’s continued existence. If it was born into a binary star system, the white dwarf can take mass from it’s neighbor until its core exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit. Animation ...
... white dwarf’s continued existence. If it was born into a binary star system, the white dwarf can take mass from it’s neighbor until its core exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit. Animation ...
GRADE 12A: Physics 7
... Point out that parallax measurements can only be used for relatively nearby stars (closer than about 100 pc). For more distant stars, less direct methods must be used. Explain how the HR diagram can be used in the following ways to estimate distances of stars. • Single star. Deduce the star’s temper ...
... Point out that parallax measurements can only be used for relatively nearby stars (closer than about 100 pc). For more distant stars, less direct methods must be used. Explain how the HR diagram can be used in the following ways to estimate distances of stars. • Single star. Deduce the star’s temper ...
The Strikingly Uniform, Highly Turbulent Interstellar Medium of the
... of the presecence of an AGN (Dı́az-Santos et al. 2014). However, note that all galaxies harboring deeply obscured AGN, like W2246-0526, show [C ii]/FIR ratios less than ∼ 10−3 (Stacey et al. 2010; Wagg et al. 2010; Dı́az-Santos et al. 2013; Carilli & Walter 2013). The total [C ii] luminosity of W224 ...
... of the presecence of an AGN (Dı́az-Santos et al. 2014). However, note that all galaxies harboring deeply obscured AGN, like W2246-0526, show [C ii]/FIR ratios less than ∼ 10−3 (Stacey et al. 2010; Wagg et al. 2010; Dı́az-Santos et al. 2013; Carilli & Walter 2013). The total [C ii] luminosity of W224 ...
NASA`s Spitzer Images Out-of-This
... The galaxy, called NGC 1097, is located 50 million light-years away. It is spiral-shaped like our Milky Way, with long, spindly arms of stars. The "eye" at the center of the galaxy is actually a monstrous black hole surrounded by a ring of stars. In this color-coded infrared view from Spitzer, the a ...
... The galaxy, called NGC 1097, is located 50 million light-years away. It is spiral-shaped like our Milky Way, with long, spindly arms of stars. The "eye" at the center of the galaxy is actually a monstrous black hole surrounded by a ring of stars. In this color-coded infrared view from Spitzer, the a ...
Our Galaxy
... center of the Milky Way. The first image is a 900- by 400-light-year mosaic in X-rays taken by Chandra. The view then zooms into a smaller region that encompasses the latest Chandra discovery of puzzling, extremely hot and diffuse emission. From there, the sequence shows two even smaller fields of v ...
... center of the Milky Way. The first image is a 900- by 400-light-year mosaic in X-rays taken by Chandra. The view then zooms into a smaller region that encompasses the latest Chandra discovery of puzzling, extremely hot and diffuse emission. From there, the sequence shows two even smaller fields of v ...
PH607lec12
... array of both ground-based and space telescopes, including ESO's Very Large Telescope in Chile and the Hubble Space Telescope, a team of astronomers recently observed groups of huge galaxies in the process of merging, showing that large, established galaxies can still grow bigger. In this version, g ...
... array of both ground-based and space telescopes, including ESO's Very Large Telescope in Chile and the Hubble Space Telescope, a team of astronomers recently observed groups of huge galaxies in the process of merging, showing that large, established galaxies can still grow bigger. In this version, g ...
PHYS3380_111615_bw - The University of Texas at Dallas
... simultaneously detected neutrino burst, and the entire neutrino capture events lasted 12s. This occurred before the SN was optically detected (or could have become visible). Time for shock wave to reach stellar surface (~1 hour). Significant result of observations: - neutrinos and antineutrinos both ...
... simultaneously detected neutrino burst, and the entire neutrino capture events lasted 12s. This occurred before the SN was optically detected (or could have become visible). Time for shock wave to reach stellar surface (~1 hour). Significant result of observations: - neutrinos and antineutrinos both ...
Andromeda Galaxy www.AssignmentPoint.com The Andromeda
... Cepheid variable stars for the first time on astronomical photos of M31. These were made using the 2.5-metre (100-in) Hooker telescope, and they enabled the distance of Great Andromeda Nebula to be determined. His measurement demonstrated conclusively that this feature was not a cluster of stars and ...
... Cepheid variable stars for the first time on astronomical photos of M31. These were made using the 2.5-metre (100-in) Hooker telescope, and they enabled the distance of Great Andromeda Nebula to be determined. His measurement demonstrated conclusively that this feature was not a cluster of stars and ...
Big bang, red shift and doppler effect
... The positions of three galaxies, A, B and C, are marked on the graph. From which galaxy, A, B or C, would the wavelength of the light reaching the Earth seem to have changed the most? ...
... The positions of three galaxies, A, B and C, are marked on the graph. From which galaxy, A, B or C, would the wavelength of the light reaching the Earth seem to have changed the most? ...
Recipes for ULX formation: necessary ingredients and garnishments
... evolution, when its protostars are still surrounded by large, optically-thick envelopes, and are still accreting from neutral intra-cluster gas. Collapsing molecular clumps with masses ∼ 104 M are large enough to enable the formation of stars with masses > 100M via accretion and coalescence, and a ...
... evolution, when its protostars are still surrounded by large, optically-thick envelopes, and are still accreting from neutral intra-cluster gas. Collapsing molecular clumps with masses ∼ 104 M are large enough to enable the formation of stars with masses > 100M via accretion and coalescence, and a ...
Sample
... center of the Milky Way galaxy harbors a supermassive black hole. A black hole actually is a hole in the observable universe, a region of space where gravity has become so strong that nothing, not even light, can ever escape. The tremendous gravitational pull of a black hole originates from its imme ...
... center of the Milky Way galaxy harbors a supermassive black hole. A black hole actually is a hole in the observable universe, a region of space where gravity has become so strong that nothing, not even light, can ever escape. The tremendous gravitational pull of a black hole originates from its imme ...
gamma rays interaction with matter
... Gamma rays are emitted in the decay process of radioactive isotopes. On a cosmic scale, Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) or Magnetars generate intense gamma radiation fields that could affect space travel and exploration. In addition, bursts of Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes (TGFs) occur relatively high in th ...
... Gamma rays are emitted in the decay process of radioactive isotopes. On a cosmic scale, Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) or Magnetars generate intense gamma radiation fields that could affect space travel and exploration. In addition, bursts of Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes (TGFs) occur relatively high in th ...
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... rays and neutrinos already have energies in the range of interthe source material corresponds to rather normal Interstellar est for the sources of the charged CRs, they portray the high Medium material (gas and dust), with a number of characterenergy CRs at first hand. Obviously the program is then ...
... rays and neutrinos already have energies in the range of interthe source material corresponds to rather normal Interstellar est for the sources of the charged CRs, they portray the high Medium material (gas and dust), with a number of characterenergy CRs at first hand. Obviously the program is then ...
NGC 625 AAS
... fraction of Lyα emission from starburst environments. This could be a very important factor to take into account when calculating the escape fraction of ionizing radiation from starbursts in the early universe. Furthermore, these observations argue for the importance of interactions in triggering ma ...
... fraction of Lyα emission from starburst environments. This could be a very important factor to take into account when calculating the escape fraction of ionizing radiation from starbursts in the early universe. Furthermore, these observations argue for the importance of interactions in triggering ma ...
Dormant black holes turn into ravenous beasts when stars wake
... by Bradley Cenko (UC Berkeley) detected a similar event called Sw J2058. This time, observations show evidence of a flare both from the swirling stellar debris and from a relativistic jet, so astronomers will be able to study both processes in the same system. The future is bright for transient sear ...
... by Bradley Cenko (UC Berkeley) detected a similar event called Sw J2058. This time, observations show evidence of a flare both from the swirling stellar debris and from a relativistic jet, so astronomers will be able to study both processes in the same system. The future is bright for transient sear ...
The galactic metallicity gradient Martín Hernández, Nieves Leticia
... discovered a large number of these star forming clouds scattered across the Milky Way. In some cases, these clouds appear as dark regions silhouetted against a glowing background nebulosity, such as the Horsehead Nebula (Figure 3 left). In other cases, they appear as dark patches that obscure the ba ...
... discovered a large number of these star forming clouds scattered across the Milky Way. In some cases, these clouds appear as dark regions silhouetted against a glowing background nebulosity, such as the Horsehead Nebula (Figure 3 left). In other cases, they appear as dark patches that obscure the ba ...
Evolved Stellar Populations
... stars allows to estimate variations in meanage and metallicity across stellar populations. Modest but complete samples produce ...
... stars allows to estimate variations in meanage and metallicity across stellar populations. Modest but complete samples produce ...
Gamma-ray burst
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of gamma rays associated with extremely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies. They are the brightest electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe. Bursts can last from ten milliseconds to several hours. The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived ""afterglow"" emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, microwave and radio).Most observed GRBs are believed to consist of a narrow beam of intense radiation released during a supernova or hypernova as a rapidly rotating, high-mass star collapses to form a neutron star, quark star, or black hole. A subclass of GRBs (the ""short"" bursts) appear to originate from a different process – this may be due to the merger of binary neutron stars. The cause of the precursor burst observed in some of these short events may be due to the development of a resonance between the crust and core of such stars as a result of the massive tidal forces experienced in the seconds leading up to their collision, causing the entire crust of the star to shatter.The sources of most GRBs are billions of light years away from Earth, implying that the explosions are both extremely energetic (a typical burst releases as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun will in its entire 10-billion-year lifetime) and extremely rare (a few per galaxy per million years). All observed GRBs have originated from outside the Milky Way galaxy, although a related class of phenomena, soft gamma repeater flares, are associated with magnetars within the Milky Way. It has been hypothesized that a gamma-ray burst in the Milky Way, pointing directly towards the Earth, could cause a mass extinction event.GRBs were first detected in 1967 by the Vela satellites, a series of satellites designed to detect covert nuclear weapons tests. Hundreds of theoretical models were proposed to explain these bursts in the years following their discovery, such as collisions between comets and neutron stars. Little information was available to verify these models until the 1997 detection of the first X-ray and optical afterglows and direct measurement of their redshifts using optical spectroscopy, and thus their distances and energy outputs. These discoveries, and subsequent studies of the galaxies and supernovae associated with the bursts, clarified the distance and luminosity of GRBs. These facts definitively placed them in distant galaxies and also connected long GRBs with the explosion of massive stars, the only possible source for the energy outputs observed.