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Chapter 9 - Automation Direct
Chapter 9 - Automation Direct

... programming problem but an actual hardware failure. You can power cycle the system to clear the error. If the error clears, you should monitor the system and determine what caused the problem. You will find this problem is sometimes caused by high frequency electrical noise introduced into the CPU f ...
Analog Versus Digital: Extrapolating from Electronics
Analog Versus Digital: Extrapolating from Electronics

... done periodically or continuously, such that the offset remains bounded throughout the computation, then the problem of offsets may be alleviated in analog systems. However, offset compensation is achieved at the cost of increased complexity, area, or power consumption; also, care must be taken to e ...
Optimizing Clock Synthesis in Small Cells and
Optimizing Clock Synthesis in Small Cells and

... Mobile network operators are increasingly turning to small cell base stations to expand coverage, increase capacity and enable network densification in congested, high-traffic urban environments. Small cells are low-power radio access nodes that can be used by operators to offload mobile data to Int ...
Chapter 5 Proposed Circuit Design Techniques to Improve the
Chapter 5 Proposed Circuit Design Techniques to Improve the

... To further increase the noise margins of the dual-rail PLA, we propose input offset voltage canceling technique to suppress the variation of Voff of the sense-amp. ...
Concurrent Dual-Band CMOS - CHIC
Concurrent Dual-Band CMOS - CHIC

Volume 45, Number 1, 2011
Volume 45, Number 1, 2011

... with significant detail. For the automotive market, current-sense devices, such as the AD8207, AD8208, and AD8209, have undergone EMI testing. Newer devices designed and tested to comply with EMI requirements include the AD8280 lithium-ion battery safety monitor and the AD8556 digitally programmable ...
GNSS Receiver Front-ends I: Signals, Noise And Distortions
GNSS Receiver Front-ends I: Signals, Noise And Distortions

Designing for EMC - Precision MicroControl Corp.
Designing for EMC - Precision MicroControl Corp.

... Therefore, from the motion control card's perspective, the primary concern for properly wiring a machine should be placed on preventing noise from reaching it. Once the motion control card has been placed inside a computer chassis, the amount of noise reaching the card should be minimal due to the m ...
Substrate Coupling in Digital Circuits in Mixed-Signal Smart
Substrate Coupling in Digital Circuits in Mixed-Signal Smart

... UBSTRATE noise can affect the proper operation of both analog and digital integrated circuits. Substrate noise in certain analog applications has received a great deal of attention during the past decade particularly because of the requirements for high-resolution analog and RF signal processing [1] ...
Analog VLSI Architectures for Motion Processing: From Fundamental Limits to System Applications, Invited Paper
Analog VLSI Architectures for Motion Processing: From Fundamental Limits to System Applications, Invited Paper

... tracking cars, or as front-ends in conventional machine vision systems [l], [2]. Because image irradiance is a continuous function of time, asynchronous circuit implementations are preferable to clocked implementations. The latter introduce temporal aliasing artifacts that can significantly compromi ...
The Low Frequency Array active antenna system
The Low Frequency Array active antenna system

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.
Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.

Advanced Digital Post-Processing Techniques Enhance
Advanced Digital Post-Processing Techniques Enhance

... 7-bit, 4-MHz A/D converter (ADC), they determined that a timeinterleaved solution would require less die area than a comparable 2 n flash converter design. This new concept proved of great value in their design, but space-saving was not its only benefit. Time interleaving of ADCs offers a conceptual ...
ASPDAC2010_Wanping - Computer Science and Engineering
ASPDAC2010_Wanping - Computer Science and Engineering

...  The noise (column 2, 4, 6) and the number of violation nodes (column 3, 5, 7) are reduced.  The improvement brought by considering the controlled-ESRs is 25% on average. With the third method, the average allocated controlled-ESR ranges from 0.038 Ohm to 0.083 Ohm for different cases. ...
Tail Current-Shaping to Improve Phase Noise in LC Voltage
Tail Current-Shaping to Improve Phase Noise in LC Voltage

... noise contribution can be reduced by using inductors, capacitors and varactors which have a high quality factor, . Howfor passive components is ever, the maximum achievable mainly determined by technology limitations and can only be slightly improved by design or layout techniques. Different filteri ...
AVR040: EMC Design Considerations
AVR040: EMC Design Considerations

... power network, and the energies involved are high. The capacitance of the energy storage capacitor is up to 20μF, 200,000 times bigger than the 100pF used in an ESD test. The test setup is not identical to the one shown in the figure ESD Test Generator, a few pulse-shaping components are added, but ...
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)

... bulks of the MOS varactors (nodes a and b of Mvar3,4) of the second VCO in an “anti-phase” scheme, and the bulks of the switching transistors(nodes c and d of Msw3,4 ) of the second VCO are connected in an “in-phase” scheme to the bulks of the MOS varactors (nodes c and d of Mvar1,2) of the first VC ...
Image-based skin color and texture analysis/synthesis by extracting
Image-based skin color and texture analysis/synthesis by extracting

... scattering can be used to realistically synthesize various skin color images for E-cosmetic by applying a cosmetic layer on the skin surface or changing the optical properties of the skin. In applying this synthesis to the skin image taken by a digital camera, it is necessary to analyze the skin ima ...
KTL220S Service Manual
KTL220S Service Manual

Noise Mitigation for Control Panels
Noise Mitigation for Control Panels

... The coupling of circuits and associated cabling is caused when the victim cabling lies within the magnetic field of the source cabling. Wire layout is a key consideration in controlling noise and the distance between the two is a critical factor along with the layout of wire pathways (see Appendix I ...
PH4705/ET4305: A/D: Analogue to Digital Conversion
PH4705/ET4305: A/D: Analogue to Digital Conversion

... that connects multiple analogue inputs signals to a single output one at a time. It is used to concentrate analogue inputs into a single information stream for further processing, either because the analogue inputs change only slowly so need not be continuously monitored, or because the following pr ...
NoC presentation
NoC presentation

13 Range and Angle Tracking - Australian Centre for Field
13 Range and Angle Tracking - Australian Centre for Field

Low Noise Amplifiers using ATF
Low Noise Amplifiers using ATF

... factor K as calculated from 0.1 GHz to 12 GHz is shown in Figure 11 for the amplifier. Source inductance can be used to help stability. It should be noted however that excessive inductance will cause high frequency stability to get worse (i.e. decreased value of K). As stability is improved, certain ...
Worst Case Power/Ground Noise Estimation Using an Equivalent
Worst Case Power/Ground Noise Estimation Using an Equivalent

... capacitive current dominates, and the inductance does not affect the ground noise. As the transition time increases, the capacitive current decreases and the inductive current increases. The peak noise occurs at a transition time where these currents is are approximately equal. This specific transit ...
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Dither



Dither is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images. Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and video data, and is often one of the last stages of ""mastering"" audio to a CD.A typical use of dither is converting a greyscale image to black and white, such that the density of black dots in the new image approximates the average grey level in the original.
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