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L8Articulations 8
L8Articulations 8

... • Prevent injury by limiting range of motion: • collagen fibers (joint capsule, ligaments) • articulating surfaces and menisci • other bones, muscles, or fat pads • tendons of articulating bones ...
Preoperative study of the petrous bone with multidetector CT (MDCT
Preoperative study of the petrous bone with multidetector CT (MDCT

... jugular foramen are smooth and intact. Dehiscence most often is associated with highriding JB. Otoscopically, this is seen as a blue mass in the lower part of the middle ear behind an intact tympanic membrane. Usually it is asymptomatic, but may cause pulasatile tinnitus or conductive hearing loss. ...
Spine and vertebra - Sinoe Medical Association
Spine and vertebra - Sinoe Medical Association

... fibrous cartilage that act as shock absorbers and allow the back to move. As a person ages, these discs compress and shrink, resulting in a distinct loss of height (generally between 0.5 and 2.0cm) between the ages of 50 and 55. When looked at from the side, the spine forms four curves. • These curv ...
Applied anatomy of the temporomandibular joint
Applied anatomy of the temporomandibular joint

... Because the TMJ contains a meniscus, two independent movements are possible: a rotation or hinge movement and a translatory glide. From the onset of opening to the midpoint, the mandibular head rotates on the undersurface of the intraarticular meniscus because of the effect of gravity and the action ...
01_Anatomy of the female genital organ[1]
01_Anatomy of the female genital organ[1]

... 3. deep pelvic floor muscle. Episiotomy, types, indications, AL Nuaim ...
Group4 - JointsWebQuest
Group4 - JointsWebQuest

... prevention of this disease.  There isn’t a cure but the treatment for this disease requires regular exercise. ...
Internal Occipital Crest Misalignment with Internal Occipital
Internal Occipital Crest Misalignment with Internal Occipital

... As a result the skull was overly stretched in order to connect with the internal occipital ridge. These internal skull variations of occipital bone landmarks can influence the location of adjacent dural venous sinuses and possibly influence cerebrospinal fluid flow. Similar anatomical anomalies have ...
Optic nerve and orbital decompression
Optic nerve and orbital decompression

... anterior ethmoidal foramina, a, from ant to posterior ethmoidal foramina and from po post to optic canal. ETHMOIDAL foramina has al also been taken as indicator for level of Cribriform plate. Medial wall extremely thin and thus provides less resistance to infection INFERIOR WALL (3 bones) Orbital pl ...
The mandible osteology
The mandible osteology

... elevations called the superior and inferior genial tubercles 5) the mylohyoid groove(present on the ramus) extends onto the body below the posterior end of the mylohyoid line. The upper or alveolar border bears sockets for the teeth. The lower border is called the base. near the midline the base sho ...
Rhinology: Sinus Anatomy and Embryology
Rhinology: Sinus Anatomy and Embryology

... and partially removed during FESS ...
handout_2
handout_2

...  There are three tiny bones in the middle ear known as ossicles which are the smallest bones in the human body.  They are the malleus, incus, and stapes bones. The ossicles were given their Latin names for their distinctive shapes; they are also referred to as the hammer, anvil, and stirrup, respe ...
Nasal cavITIES - yeditepe anatomy fhs 121
Nasal cavITIES - yeditepe anatomy fhs 121

... Extends the nasal cavities onto the front of the face Pyramidal in shape ...
Chapter 14 Respiratory system
Chapter 14 Respiratory system

... • We have about 300 million alveoli within the lungs! Surface area for gas exchange is approx. 1500 ft2. • Alveolar sac= bunch of grapes; alveoli: one grape ...
Surgical information on ABI placement (additional digital
Surgical information on ABI placement (additional digital

... cochlear input and the ascending auditory pathways. As such, it is the main target for stimulation by the electrode array. This nucleus lies at the most lateral portion of the lateral recess (at the foramen of Lushka) superiorly and slightly anteriorly. It may be useful to think of the foramen as a ...
Minimally Invasive Transpalpebral ``Eyelid`` Approach to the Anterior
Minimally Invasive Transpalpebral ``Eyelid`` Approach to the Anterior

... BACKGROUND: Supra orbital frontal minicraniotomy is one of the most commonly used minimally invasive approaches for anterior cranial fossa lesions. OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with the transpalpebral ‘‘eyelid’’ incision to obtain access to the anterior cranial fossa. METHODS: We describe t ...
Triangles of the neck
Triangles of the neck

...  It is bounded superiorly by the lower border of the mandible (the base), posteriorly by anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle and medially by the midline of the neck.  It is covered by the skin, superficial fascia, platysma and investing layer of deep fascia. ...
1. Stimuli--Orthopedic Anatomical Terminology
1. Stimuli--Orthopedic Anatomical Terminology

... Cephalad- situated or oriented toward the head end of an organism or body part. ...
Anatomy of The pharynx
Anatomy of The pharynx

... Site ...
REVISIT ANATOMY OF EAR THE EXTERNAL EAR PINNA cont.
REVISIT ANATOMY OF EAR THE EXTERNAL EAR PINNA cont.

... VESSELS ...
The nose & Paranasal sinuses
The nose & Paranasal sinuses

... • A large cavity situated in the body of the sphenoid bone • Divided by a septum that bend to one side leading to right and left halves, that vary greatly in size. • It lies beneath the pituitary fossa, extend into the basiocciput, greater wing of sphenoid and the pterygoid process. • Begins to deve ...
doc
doc

... The only lower jaw remains of Metaxytherium petersi known heretofore were found together with remains of the vertebral column and numerous ribs in Baumann’s sand pit in Ottakring XVI district Vienna. These remains represent only the right ramus which had not yet fused with the one from the left side ...
Ear study with 64 slices Multidetector CT
Ear study with 64 slices Multidetector CT

... 18). Volumetric images provide information about the anatomy of the ossicular chain, the inner ear and its relationship to vascular structures, the carotid artery and the internal jugular vein. Curve reconstructions enable to ‘unroll’ the cochlea, getting insight into its morphology and dimensions. ...
124
124

... 2. In a living subject and on a suitable specimen, identify the following anatomical landmarks: Nasion, pterion, vertex, bregma, external occipital protuberance, inion, superior and inferior nuchal lines, and explain their significance. 3. Define the term ‘suture’ and demonstrate the following sutur ...
questions
questions

... D. A and B E. All of the above 6. ______ Which of the following statements is (are) true of the calvarium? A. The inner side of the calvarium is supplied by the meningeal arteries. B. The pterion is the junction of the sphenoid, temporal, parietal and frontal bones. C. The scalp overlying the poster ...
Chapter 2: General Anatomy.
Chapter 2: General Anatomy.

... Other clinical and arthroscopic findings confirm some of these changes. Arthroscopy showed osteoarthrosis was more frequently present in the temporal connective tissue than in the disk. Reciprocal clicking was common in joints with slight or no osteoarthrosis. Crepitation correlated with advanced an ...
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Skull



This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)The skull is a bony structure in the head of most vertebrates (in particular, craniates) that supports the structures of the face and forms a protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of two parts: the cranium and the mandible. The skull forms the anterior most portion of the skeleton and is a product of encephalization, housing the brain, many sensory structures (eyes, ears, nasal cavity), and the feeding system. Functions of the skull include protection of the brain, fixing the distance between the eyes to allow stereoscopic vision, and fixing the position of the ears to help the brain use auditory cues to judge direction and distance of sounds. In some animals, the skull also has a defensive function (e.g. horned ungulates); the frontal bone is where horns are mounted. The English word ""skull"" is probably derived from Old Norse ""skalli"" meaning bald, while the Latin word cranium comes from the Greek root κρανίον (kranion).The skull is made of a number of fused flat bones.
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