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... little, too fast”; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. ...
... little, too fast”; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. ...
The Ethical Responsibility of the Loss and Damage Mechanism: a
... often employed in order to reduce exposure to risk thus making insurance more viable. However, Munich Re does acknowledge that there is no possible insurance programs for certain long term climate effects such as desertification, sea level rise, ocean acidification, or glacial retreat. In effect, lo ...
... often employed in order to reduce exposure to risk thus making insurance more viable. However, Munich Re does acknowledge that there is no possible insurance programs for certain long term climate effects such as desertification, sea level rise, ocean acidification, or glacial retreat. In effect, lo ...
Letter to Lamar Smith 18 December 2015 (opens in new window)
... The second half of Dr Lomborg’s testimony purports to provide estimates of the “costs” associated with realising the pledges for reductions in annual emissions of greenhouse gases contained in the INDCs. However, Dr Lomborg makes a number of inaccurate claims that are not supported by the published ...
... The second half of Dr Lomborg’s testimony purports to provide estimates of the “costs” associated with realising the pledges for reductions in annual emissions of greenhouse gases contained in the INDCs. However, Dr Lomborg makes a number of inaccurate claims that are not supported by the published ...
Proposal for a poverty-adaptation-mitigation window - HAL
... million in China (UNDP, 2014; UNECA et al., 2014). Poverty goes hand-in-hand with largescale failures to satisfy several basic needs: 840 million people in the world suffer from hunger; 2.5 billion lack access to improved sanitation facilities; 863 million urban residents live in slums (UN-Habitat, ...
... million in China (UNDP, 2014; UNECA et al., 2014). Poverty goes hand-in-hand with largescale failures to satisfy several basic needs: 840 million people in the world suffer from hunger; 2.5 billion lack access to improved sanitation facilities; 863 million urban residents live in slums (UN-Habitat, ...
Proposal for the creation of a poverty-adaptation - Hal-SHS
... million in China (UNDP, 2014; UNECA et al., 2014). Poverty goes hand-in-hand with largescale failures to satisfy several basic needs: 840 million people in the world suffer from hunger; 2.5 billion lack access to improved sanitation facilities; 863 million urban residents live in slums (UN-Habitat, ...
... million in China (UNDP, 2014; UNECA et al., 2014). Poverty goes hand-in-hand with largescale failures to satisfy several basic needs: 840 million people in the world suffer from hunger; 2.5 billion lack access to improved sanitation facilities; 863 million urban residents live in slums (UN-Habitat, ...
Climate change going beyond dangerous
... The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve… stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a ...
... The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve… stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a ...
Event - IUCN
... The idea is to show the importance of cultural and spiritual values of communities living sustainable 'ecological' lifestyles /communities (most indigenous and traditional peoples) and how this has included resilience most of the time. The Union of Concerned Scientists, the International Council on ...
... The idea is to show the importance of cultural and spiritual values of communities living sustainable 'ecological' lifestyles /communities (most indigenous and traditional peoples) and how this has included resilience most of the time. The Union of Concerned Scientists, the International Council on ...
Who should pay for climate? The effect of burden-sharing mechanisms on abatement policies and technological transfers: Working Paper 96 (997 kB) (opens in new window)
... by a majority of countries. This turns out to be a particularly complex task, considering that there exist no universal criteria to evaluate the “fairness” of a proposal and different beliefs on equity can be an extremely powerful source of conflict. A further element of complication is given by th ...
... by a majority of countries. This turns out to be a particularly complex task, considering that there exist no universal criteria to evaluate the “fairness” of a proposal and different beliefs on equity can be an extremely powerful source of conflict. A further element of complication is given by th ...
for International Climate Action? - Penn Law
... by a large number of countries and the political will of member countries to make the necessary policy choices. As has been made clear by the U.S. Administration's hostility to the Kyoto Protocol and by the history of the negotiations themselves, reliance on nations to address local emissions is sub ...
... by a large number of countries and the political will of member countries to make the necessary policy choices. As has been made clear by the U.S. Administration's hostility to the Kyoto Protocol and by the history of the negotiations themselves, reliance on nations to address local emissions is sub ...
Global Commitment: Achieving the Less than 2
... As countries develop and negotiate their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to reducing greenhouse–gas emissions, total emissions continue to grow while the chances of avoiding ‘dangerous climate change’ and keeping global–mean surface temperature change to less than 2 °C rel ...
... As countries develop and negotiate their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to reducing greenhouse–gas emissions, total emissions continue to grow while the chances of avoiding ‘dangerous climate change’ and keeping global–mean surface temperature change to less than 2 °C rel ...
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... 2002; Faure et al., 2007; Voigt, 2008). Drumbl (2008, p. 10) points out that for harm that is “too indirect, remote, and uncertain” causation cannot be established and therefore “falls outside the scope of the reparative obligation”.4 In other words, since specific impacts of climate change cannot ( ...
... 2002; Faure et al., 2007; Voigt, 2008). Drumbl (2008, p. 10) points out that for harm that is “too indirect, remote, and uncertain” causation cannot be established and therefore “falls outside the scope of the reparative obligation”.4 In other words, since specific impacts of climate change cannot ( ...
Updated compilation of information on the mitigation benefits of
... that link food security, environmental sustainability, climate adaptation needs and socioeconomic development into a coherent package. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2013a) estimates that at marginal costs of less than USD 50–100/t CO2 eq, the direct emission reduction potential of ...
... that link food security, environmental sustainability, climate adaptation needs and socioeconomic development into a coherent package. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2013a) estimates that at marginal costs of less than USD 50–100/t CO2 eq, the direct emission reduction potential of ...
Compensation for "Meaningful Participation" in
... assign emissions permits to developing countries. Frankel w9x and Baumert et al. w2x suggest that developing countries select emissions targets that are indexed to their rate of economic growth to ensure that an emissions ceiling does not inhibit economic development. Larsen and Shah w19x and Rose w ...
... assign emissions permits to developing countries. Frankel w9x and Baumert et al. w2x suggest that developing countries select emissions targets that are indexed to their rate of economic growth to ensure that an emissions ceiling does not inhibit economic development. Larsen and Shah w19x and Rose w ...
Perverse incentives under the CDM: a comment - Working Paper 53 (757 kB) (opens in new window)
... is costly to itself. A lower discount rate and a larger instantaneous gain from preventing these bad projects would allow the EB to recoup these losses more quickly. These factors effectively enhance the value of having a reputation for being tough, and would hence make the threat to play Withhold mo ...
... is costly to itself. A lower discount rate and a larger instantaneous gain from preventing these bad projects would allow the EB to recoup these losses more quickly. These factors effectively enhance the value of having a reputation for being tough, and would hence make the threat to play Withhold mo ...
CONVENTION ON - the Economics Web Institute
... developing countries, collaborate with the secretariat of the United Nations Forum on Forests, the Facility Management Team Forest Carbon Partnership Facility and the Climate Investment Funds Administrative Unit (CIF Admin Unit) of the World Bank, the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Conv ...
... developing countries, collaborate with the secretariat of the United Nations Forum on Forests, the Facility Management Team Forest Carbon Partnership Facility and the Climate Investment Funds Administrative Unit (CIF Admin Unit) of the World Bank, the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Conv ...
Climate-change policy: why has so little been achieved?
... defence rests, however, on the assumption that Kyoto is, in fact, a well-designed approach and that EU ETS could not have been started without Kyoto. Neither, arguably, turns out to be correct.3 So why is there such a disconnect between the science and the evidence on the one hand, and the policy re ...
... defence rests, however, on the assumption that Kyoto is, in fact, a well-designed approach and that EU ETS could not have been started without Kyoto. Neither, arguably, turns out to be correct.3 So why is there such a disconnect between the science and the evidence on the one hand, and the policy re ...
Bringing the Copenhagen Global Climate Change Negotiations to Conclusion J
... to draft a framework that could be supported by a consensus by at least 150 countries. As will be seen later, the exact meaning and interpretation of this term is now a source of much debate in more current discussion and negotiation. Additionally, issues of technology transfer, binding commitments, ...
... to draft a framework that could be supported by a consensus by at least 150 countries. As will be seen later, the exact meaning and interpretation of this term is now a source of much debate in more current discussion and negotiation. Additionally, issues of technology transfer, binding commitments, ...
Ministry of Foreign Affairs MKL Grant Committee Meeting 25 October
... The LDCF continues to be well-aligned and relevant to the DK development policy context. The draft development strategy highlights the Danish contribution to the SDGs. Goal no 13 refers directly to climate change (combat Climate Change and its impacts) while many other goals e.g. on water, cities, b ...
... The LDCF continues to be well-aligned and relevant to the DK development policy context. The draft development strategy highlights the Danish contribution to the SDGs. Goal no 13 refers directly to climate change (combat Climate Change and its impacts) while many other goals e.g. on water, cities, b ...
Why the Ireland Strategic Investment Fund should be
... and small businesses2. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that impacts will become increasingly manifest over the next 10-15 years and will increase thereafter3. The prospect that we may fail to deliver on the temperature limits adopted in the Paris Agreement and precipitate eve ...
... and small businesses2. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that impacts will become increasingly manifest over the next 10-15 years and will increase thereafter3. The prospect that we may fail to deliver on the temperature limits adopted in the Paris Agreement and precipitate eve ...
Close Examination of the Principle of Global Per
... nonparticipating countries due to the global relocation of energy-intensive firms and increased use of fuels elsewhere as decreased demand in participating countries lowers world fuel prices, would make the cost even higher — possibly too high to be realistically considered, depending on which count ...
... nonparticipating countries due to the global relocation of energy-intensive firms and increased use of fuels elsewhere as decreased demand in participating countries lowers world fuel prices, would make the cost even higher — possibly too high to be realistically considered, depending on which count ...
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... countries listed in ➔Annex I of the ➔UNFCCC with the exception of Turkey and Czechoslovakia. New countries added to Annex B include, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovakia and Slovenia. Russia and Ukraine are members of Annex B, while Belarus is not in Annex B. Annex B lists th ...
... countries listed in ➔Annex I of the ➔UNFCCC with the exception of Turkey and Czechoslovakia. New countries added to Annex B include, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovakia and Slovenia. Russia and Ukraine are members of Annex B, while Belarus is not in Annex B. Annex B lists th ...
Nota di lavoro 1998.010 - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... (developing) nations in the regime. However, it may be the case that the actual costs of mitigation are not independent of the time and place where they are made. Least cost options that affect the choice of climate change strategy may only be available in particular time windows in particular natio ...
... (developing) nations in the regime. However, it may be the case that the actual costs of mitigation are not independent of the time and place where they are made. Least cost options that affect the choice of climate change strategy may only be available in particular time windows in particular natio ...
Decision X/33 Biodiversity and climate change
... Collaborate with the United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Development Programme in reviewing and revising the resource kit for national capacity self-assessments (NCSAs) with a view to ensuring that implementation of activities identified in the such assessments better reflect ...
... Collaborate with the United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Development Programme in reviewing and revising the resource kit for national capacity self-assessments (NCSAs) with a view to ensuring that implementation of activities identified in the such assessments better reflect ...
Preparing for Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol
... subsequently signed and ratified by some 160 Parties, including the Community and its Member States. In December 1997 in Kyoto, the Parties agreed upon a Protocol, which is now open for ratification. This Communication outlines how to prepare for implementation of the obligations of the Kyoto Protoc ...
... subsequently signed and ratified by some 160 Parties, including the Community and its Member States. In December 1997 in Kyoto, the Parties agreed upon a Protocol, which is now open for ratification. This Communication outlines how to prepare for implementation of the obligations of the Kyoto Protoc ...